Unit-2-Active-Reading-2讲稿

Unit2ActiveReading(2)ChocolateContents:Pre-readingActivitiesRelatedInformationSummary(Dictation)Words&ExpressionsUnderstandingtheTextAssignmentⅠ.Pre-readingActivities:Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Doyoulikechocolate?Ifso,howoftendoyoueat,andwhen?Ifnot,whynot?2.Whatarethegoodandbadeffectsofeatingchocolate?3.Whateventsorideasdoyouassociatewithchocolate?4.Whydowelovechocolate?Ⅱ.BackgroundInformation&CulturalNotes：1.ThehistoryofthedevelopmentofchocolateChocolateThroughtheYearsThestoryofchocolate,asfarbackasweknowit,beginswiththediscoveryofAmerica.Until1492,theOldWorld(指欧洲大陆，相对于美洲大陆)knewnothingatallaboutthedeliciousandstimulatingflavorthatwastobecomethefavoriteofmillions.　　TheCourtofKingFerdinandandQueenIsabellagotitsfirstlookattheprincipalingredient(原料)ofchocolatewhenColumbusreturnedintriumphfromAmericaandlaidbeforetheSpanishthrone(王位)atreasuretroveofmanystrangeandwonderfulthings.Amongthesewereafewdarkbrownbeansthatlookedlikealmonds(杏仁)andseemedmostunpromising(无指望的).Theywerecocoabeans,today'ssourceofallourchocolateandcocoa.　　TheKingandQueenneverdreamedhowimportantcocoabeanscouldbe,anditremainedforHernandoCortez(科尔特斯),thegreatSpanishexplorer,tograspthecommercialpossibilitiesoftheNewWorldofferings.　　Spanishmonks,whohadbeenconsigned(托运)toprocessthecocoabeans,finallyletthesecretout.Itdidnottakelongbeforechocolatewasacclaimed(受到欢迎)throughoutEuropeasadelicious,health-givingfood.Forawhileitreigned(主宰)asthedrinkatthefashionableCourtofFrance.ChocolatedrinkingspreadacrosstheChanneltoGreatBritain,andin1657thefirstofmanyfamousEnglishChocolateHousesappeared.　　ChocolateSpreadstoEurope　　The19thCenturymarkedtwomorerevolutionarydevelopmentsinthehistoryofchocolate.In1847,anEnglishcompanyintroducedsolid"eatingchocolate"throughthedevelopmentoffondant(半软糖)chocolate,asmoothandvelvety(光滑柔和)varietythathasalmostcompletelyreplacedtheoldcoarsegrained(颗粒粗糙的)chocolatewhichformerlydominated(统领)theworldmarket.Theseconddevelopmentoccurredin1876inVevey,Switzerland,whenDanielPeterdevisedawayofaddingmilktothechocolate,creatingtheproductweenjoytodayknownasmilkchocolate.　　ChocolateComestoAmerica　　IntheUnitedStatesofAmerica,theproductionofchocolateproceededatafasterpacethananywhereelseintheworld.Itwasinpre-RevolutionaryNewEngland-1765,tobeexact-thatthefirstchocolatefactorywasestablishedinthiscountry.DuringWorldWarII,theU.S.governmentrecognizedchocolate'sroleinthenourishmentandgroupspiritoftheAlliedArmedForces,somuchsothatitallocatedvaluableshippingspacefortheimportationofcocoabeans.Manysoldierswerethankfulforthepocketchocolatebarswhichgavethemthestrengthtocarryonuntilmorefoodrationscouldbeobtained.2.Chocolate:FoodoftheGodDuringhisconquestofMexico,CortezfoundtheAztecIndiansusingcocoabeansinthepreparationoftheroyaldrinkoftherealm,"chocolate,"meaningwarmliquid.In1519,EmperorMontezuma,whoreportedlydrank50ormoreportionsdaily,servedchocolatetohisSpanishguestsingreatgoldengoblets(高脚杯),treatingitlikeafoodforthegods.　　Forallitsregal(王室的)importance,however,Montezuma'schocolatewasverybitter,andtheSpaniardsdidnotfindittotheirtaste.Tomaketheconcoction(调制品)moreagreeabletoEuropeans,Cortezandhiscountrymenconceivedtheideaofsweeteningitwithcanesugar.　Thenewdrinkquicklywonfriends,especiallyamongtheSpanisharistocracy(贵族).Spainwiselyproceededtoplantcacaoinitsoverseascolonies,whichgavebirthtoaveryprofitablebusiness.Remarkablyenough,theSpanishsucceededinkeepingtheartofthecocoaindustryasecretfromtherestofEuropefornearlyahundredyears.　　3.TheoriginofthewordchocolateTheword"chocolate"issaidtoderivefromtheMayan.TheMexicanIndianword"chocolate"comesfromacombinationofthetermschoco("foam")andatl("water");earlychocolatewasonlyconsumedinbeverageform.Aspartofaritualintwelfth-centuryMesoamericanmarriages,amugofthefrothychocolatewasshared.ArthurW.Knapp,authorofTheCocoaandChocolateIndustry(Pitman,1923)pointsoutthatifwebelieveMexicanmythology,"chocolatewasconsumedbytheGodsinParadise,andtheseedofcocoawasconveyedtomanasaspecialblessingbytheGodoftheAir."SwedishnaturalistCarolusLinnaeus(1707-1778)wasdissatisfiedwiththeword"cocoa,"sorenamedit"theobroma,"Greekfor"foodofthegods."Ⅲ.Summary(Dictation)ListentotherecordingreadbyFrankMcCourthimselfandfillintheblanks.Ⅳ.Words&Expressions:1.confess:vi.toadmitthatyouhavecommittedacrime承认；供认；招供；交代confesstosb/confessto(doing)somethingEdwardsconfessedtothepriestbeforehedied2.crush:vt.tocompresswithviolence,outofnaturalshapeorconditionTheirplottooverthrowthegovernmentwascrushed.他们企图推翻政府的阴谋被粉碎了。3.flavour:n.thegeneralatmosphereofaplaceorsituationandtheeffectthatithasonpeopleadd/givea/anflavour(tosth)e.g.ThetorchoftheBeijingOlympicGameshasaverystrongChineseflavour.4.inheritvt.1)toobtainfromsomeoneaftertheirdeath2)toreceivefromapredecessorcoinheritsomethingfromsomebodye.g.Hehasinheritedhisgrandfather'sskillinmakingmoney.5.meltvi.1)tobecomeorcausetobecomesoftorliquid2)tograduallydisappearThesnowontopofthemountainsmeltedawayunderthesun.山顶上的雪在阳光下融化了。6.popularity:n.thequalityofbeingwidelyadmiredoracceptedgain/grow/increaseinpopularitye.g.Golfhasgainedinpopularityamongthewealthyinmycountry.7.stimulating:adj.rousingorquickeningactivityorthesenses使人感兴趣的讨论astimulatingdiscussion刺激人们的视觉神经stimulatingpeople'svisualsense扩大国内需求stimulatingdomesticdemand1accountforbethereasonorexplanationforToomuchrainaccountedforthepoorcrop.引起，导致Itaccountsfor30percentofallrailwayaccidents.（在数量或比例上）占Howdoyouaccountforyourlongabsencefromclasseswithoutaskingforleave?做出解释或说明2havean/some/little/noeffectonPunishmenthadlittleeffectonhim.Ithasbeenfoundthatsmokingdoesnoeffectonthehealthofthesmoker.Theyhaveaneffectonhealth.Ⅴ.UnderstandingtextLookthroughtheparagraphsofthetexttofindanswerstothequestions.1.Afterreadingthepassage,doyouthinkchocolateisgoodorbadforyou?Reference:Ithinkchocolateisgoodformeingeneral,butoneshouldnothavetoomuchofit.2.Doyouagreethatchocolategivesyouasimilarfeelingtowhenyou’reinlove?Reference:Isupposesoifoneishappy.3.Doyoufindchocolatedifficulttoresist?Reference:No,I’mstrong-mindedanddisciplined;I’mwatchingmyweightoronadiet;Idon’tlikeitmuchanyway.Yes,Ineeditforanenergyboost;Idon’tthinkitisharmful;Ieatitwithfriendstobesociable.4.Iftheappealofchocolateiscausedbyitschemicalcomposition,doyouthinkchocolateshouldberegardedasakindofdrug?Reference:Chocolateisn’tadrug:Itisn’tamedicine;it’snotreallyaddictive;it’snotharmful,andscientistsandmedicalorganizationshaven’trecognizeditasadrug,soitshouldn’tbebanned.Chocolateisadrug:Ithasaddictiveproperties,butit’snotharmfulinmoderation,soitshouldn’tbebanned.Ⅵ.Assignment:FinishtheexercisesonP24-25（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）推荐精选推荐精选推荐精选