英语简答题(1)

英语简答题1-1Whatisthemainsubjectintroducedinparagraphone?Itisthedescriptionoftheeffectofsayingfarewelltohisparents,friendsandfolksontheauthor.1-2Howisthestoryorganized?Thestoryischronologicallyorganized(followingthetimesequenceinwhichtheeventunfoldeditself).1-3HowdidWeckerlyfeelbeforethedayofhisdeparture?Hefelteagerandexcitedtowaitforthedaytocome.1-4Howdidhismoodchangewhenthedayhadreallycome?Attheverybeginninghebecamesentimentalaboutsayinggood-byetomanypeoplearoundhim.Facingtherealityofbecomingindependent,hebegantofeelafraidanduncertain.1-5Whatdoyouthinkabouttheendingofthestory?Itisveryimpressive.Weckerlyendsthestorywithametaphorwhichcatchestheessenceoftheparticularmomentaccurately.Hecompareshimselftoarookieskydiverpreparingforhisfirstplunge,whichleadstopossibleoutcomes:sheerexcitementoreventualdeath.Thelastsentence"Hecloseshiseyes,takesadeepbreath,andjumps"symbolizesthefactthatfromthatdayontheauthorjumpsintothefutureofbeingindependentnomatterhowlongandcomplicatedtheroadtoitis.1-6Whatwasthemostimportanteventtheauthormentionedinthestory?Havingabrunchwithhismother,andsayinggood-byetohismother.2-1Whywon'toilpricesriseatalloverthelongtime?Firstly,becauseproducersneedthecashfromoiltoomuchtolettheirsupplybeinterruptedforlong.Secondly,andmoreimportant,becausedemandgrowthcan'tpushpricesupwardaslongasitisbalancedbysupplygrowth.2-2Whycan'tthemembersoftheOPECraiseoilprices?Becauseiftheydo,non-OPECsourceswillgrabmarketsharebydevelopingfieldswheretechnologyhasmadeproductionaffordable.2-3Whyhavemostmajorscuttheircostsonoil?Becausetechnologyletsthecompaniesmaintainhealthyearningsatsteadilyloweroilprices.2-4Whotakesaleadintheoilcompanies?Thosethatmastertechnologyandefficiency,suchasShell,Exxon,andBritishPetroleum.7-1Whyiscompetitiondestructiveaccordingtotheauthor?(para.3)Accordingtotheauthor,competitionisdestructivebecauseitunderminesself-esteem,poisonsrelationshipsandholdsusbackfromdoingourbest.7-2WhatarethepurposesofthegamesdevisedorcollectedbyOrlickandothers?(para.6)TheideaofthegamesdevisedorcollectedbyOrlickandothersisforeachpersononthefieldtomakeaspecifiedcontributiontothegoal,orforalltheplayerstoreachacertainscore,orforeveryonetoworkwiththeirpartnersagainstatimelimit.7-3Whatisthedifferencebetweenteamworkandteamcompetition?(para.8)Thedifferencebetweenteamworkandteamcompetitionisthatinteamworkeveryoneonthefieldisworkingtogetherforacommongoal,whileinteamcompetitionagivenplayerworkswithandisencouragedtofeelwarmlytowardonlyhalfofthosepresent.7-4Whydomostkindsoffunrequirecompetition?(para.10,11,12)Firstofall,peopledon'tknowanyotherwayotherwayorpeoplehavenevertastedthealternativealternative.Secondly,weoverlookthepsychologicalcostsofcompetition:itcausesself-doubtself-doubtandfeelingsofself-worthbecomedependentonexternalsourcesofevaluation.7-5Whoistoblameforcompetition?Itisthestructureofthegameitselfthatistoblameratherthantheindividuals,sinceitsetscompetitionattheverybeginning.10-1Whatisthewriter'sattitudeinthesentence"Thedrivefordominanceskewsourperception,colorsourfriendships,shapesourmoodsandaffectsourhealth"?Theauthortakesanegativeattitude.Usually,theverbscolor,shapeandaffectareneutralinindicatingmeanings,butinthiscontexttheyexpressnegativemeanings.10-2Howdoyouunderstandthesentence"Ifthetendencyshoweduponlyincertainsocieties,itwouldbeeasiertodismissassomethingwelearn"?Iftherelentlessone-upmanshipwasonlylimitedwithinveryfewsamplegroups,itcouldbeeasilyneglectedbecausewecouldonlyregardthatasanexception.10-3Inwhichwaydozoologistssupporttheanthropologicalpointonthebiologicallyendowedone-upmanship?Anthropologistspointoutthatthesamepatterncanbeseeneverywherewhilethezoologistsshowawidevarietyofanimalsinferiorandsuperiorwhichillustratethesamepatterntoo.10-4Whatarethedifferencesbetweenmenbeingpowerfulandpowerless?Menwhoachievehighstatusenjoymoresexwithmorepartnerswheresasmenwhoarejustunemployedmaylosetheirmarriagesaswellasself-esteem.10-5Inwhichwaysaremodernmenthesameas,andalsodifferentfromGenghisKhan?ModernmenarethesameasGenghisKhaninthattheyallstriveforhighstatus,butdifferentinthatmodernmentendtorulebyconsentandtrytoavoidfighting.10-6Domalesalwayshavetofightforpower?Whyorwhynot?Notnecessarily,forthemostdurableleadersaretheoneswhogovernbyconsentandtrytoavoidfighting.13-1HowmanycreditcardsdoestheaverageAmericanhave?4.13-2Whatisa"sub-prime"borrower?Peoplewhohaveabadcredithistory.13-3Whatwerethespendinghabitsofpeopleinthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies?Peopleregardeddebtinaverynegativeway.Theyalwaystriedtopayofftheirdebtsinatimelymanner.13-4HowhascreditcardspendingchangedintheUnitedStatessincethe1960s?Inthe1960smostborrowerspaidofftheircreditcardbalancesmonthly.Sincethen,manypeoplehaveamassedcreditcarddebt.