2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题07 4Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读

2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列专题074Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。必修4Unit1——Unit2词汇基础知识狂背：I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇1.behavevt.&vi.举止；举动；行为表现behaviourn．行为；表现behaveoneself守规矩behavewell/badly(towardssb.)(对……)态度/举止好/恶劣well－behavedadj.表现好的badly－behavedadj.表现差的beonone’sbestbehaviour举止规矩2．observevt.&vi.观察；遵守；庆祝；评述，评论observationn.观察；观察力，(观察后发生的)议论，意见observesb.do/doingsth.观察某人做/(在做)某事observethespeedlimit遵守车速限制observeChristmas(NationalDay)庆祝圣诞节(国庆节)beunderobservation受严密监视escapeone’sobservation避开某人的注意3．respectvt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意respectfuladj.恭敬的；尊敬的；尊重人的；有礼貌的respectableadj.可敬的；有名望的；高尚的；值得尊敬的have/showrespectforsb./sth.尊敬/敬重……inthisrespect在这方面inall/manyrespects在各个/许多方面inrespectof关于……；就……而言withrespectto至于；关于；就……而言respectsb./sth.forsth.因某事而尊敬某人/某事4．arguevi.争论；辩论　vt.争论；说服argumentn.争论；辩论arguewith/againstsb.on/about/oversth.与某人争论某事argueagainst/for为反对/为赞成……而辩论arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事argueon...就……辩论arguethat...辩论说……5．supportn．&vt.支持；拥护insupportof支持；赞成；拥护supportoneself自立更生supportone’sfamily养家supportone’ssuggestion赞同某人的建议supportone’sopinion支持某人的想法6．refervi.谈到；查阅；参考referencen.言及；提及；参考；查阅referto查阅；参考；谈到；指的是referto...as...把……称作/看作in/withreferenceto＝inconnectionwith关于withoutreferenceto与……无关，不管7．intendvt.打算；intentionn.打算；计划intendtodo/doingsth.打算做某事intendsb.todosth.打算让某人做某事intendthat...从句中谓语形式：(should)＋dointend...as...＝beintendedas...打算把……当做……intend...for...＝beintendedfor为……打算或设计hadintendedthat/todo...intendedtohavedone...原本打算做……8．deliverv.投递，发表，宣布，接生，生(小孩)(仅限于被动语态)deliversth.(tosb.)投递/传送某物(给某人)deliveraspeech发表演说bedeliveredofachild＝givebirthtoachild生孩子deliversb./sth.overtosb.把……移交给某人deliverfrom使摆脱9．strugglevt.搏斗；斗争；努力；挣扎　n．斗争；挣扎strugglewith/against与……搏斗/斗争struggleforsth./todosth.努力/争取……strugglethrough奋力通过struggletoone‘sfeet挣扎着站起来struggleon/along(虽艰难仍)继续做某事withastruggle费劲地10．expandvt.&vi.使变大；伸展；阐述expansionn.扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展expansiveadj.扩张性的；开展性的；广阔的expandinto/to使扩大，变大expandon/upon阐述，详谈12.thereforeadv.(＝asaresultofthat)因此；所以Hewasverytiredandthereforehefellsoundasleep.＝Hewasverytired.Thereforehefellsoundasleep.＝Hewasverytired,sohefellsoundasleep.他累得很，因此睡得很熟。提示：therefore是副词，不能引导从句，两个句子之间要用连词或者分号；而so是连词，可接从句。13．equipvt.&vi.配备；装备equipmentn.[U]装备；设备equipsb./sth.withsth.用某物装备某人/物equipsb./sth.for(doing)sth.为(做)某事而准备sb.beequippedtodosth.某人有准备做某事equipsb.todosth.使某人能够做某事beequippedwithsth.装备有某物apieceofequipment一件设备14．regretv．&n.遗憾；后悔；惋惜refusewithmuchregret(manyregrets)婉言拒绝toone'sregret令人遗憾的是feelregretfulfor....对……感到后悔expressregretfor/at/oversth...对……表示遗憾regret＋n./pron./doing/havingdone后悔做某事regret＋that－clause后悔，遗憾……regrettosay/tell/inform...很抱歉地说/告诉/通知……It'smuchtoberegrettedthat...令人遗憾的是……15．focusn．(兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点v．(使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦beinfocus焦距对准；清晰beoutoffocus焦距没对准；模糊bringsth.intofocus把某物集中在焦点上focussth.on(upon)sth.＝fix...on...使……集中于……befocusedon/uponsth.＝befixedon集中于……16．reducevt.减少；缩减；简化reduceone'sexpenditure减少某人的开支bereducedtodespair陷入绝望reduceto...降至……reduceby...减少了……17．mentvt.评论n．评论，意见，议论askforment征求意见makementsonsth.评论某事Noment.无可奉告。Withoutment.不必多说。ment(v.)on/uponsth.评论，对……发表意见ment(v.)that－clause评论……（2）短语1．lookdownupon/on蔑视；轻视；瞧不起lookabout四下环顾，四处寻找lookafter照顾；照料；目送；寻求lookfor寻找；期待lookforwardto盼望lookon观看；面向；旁观lookover从……上面看过去；察看lookround掉头看；环顾，观光lookthrough透过……看去；看穿；审查lookup向上看；查阅2．eacross(尤指偶然)遇到；发现；想到；越过；产生效果提示：表示“偶然遇见”意思的常见短语还有：meetwith,happentomeet,chancetomeet,meet...bychance/accident,runacross,runinto。3．carryon继续；保持；经营；进行(生意、谈话等)carryonwith＋sth.doingsth.继续做某事(相当于goonwith)carryoff赢得，获得(奖品、荣誉等)carryout实行，执行，进行，履行(诺言、义务等)4．thanksto由于；多亏(介词短语，在句中做原因状语，常置于句首或句末)becauseof因为；由于owingto由于，因……之缘故asaresultof作为……的结果，由于dueto因为，由于(不能放在句首)onaccountof由于；因为5．ridsb./oneself/sth.ofsth.使……摆脱……be/getridof去掉，摆脱；抛弃remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事befreeof...摆脱……6．besatisfiedwith对……感到满意besatisfiedthat...满意……besatisfiedtodo乐意干……satisfyvt.满意；使满意satisfiedadj.感到满意的satisfyingadj.令人满意的satisfactoryadj.令人满意的satisfactionn.满意，满足7．leadto通向，导致，致使lead＋n.＋tosth.引导……到……leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事提示：(1)leadto中的to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devoteto致力于/payattentionto对……加以注意/objectto反对/stickto坚持/lookforwardto期望，等等。(2)leadto不用被动语态。(3)leadto是前因后果，而liein(＝resultfrom)是前果后因。8．keep...freefrom/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)使……不含(有害物)freefrom没有……，免于……，无……之忧freeof无……的；免于……的，离开了……的freesb./sth.from...使某人/某物自由；解放；释放forfree＝freeofcharge免费地，无偿地befreetodosth.自由地做某事befreewithsb.对某人放肆freeastheair自由自在setsb.free释放某人（3）易混易错点拨1.expand/extend/spread/stretch(1)expand“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。(2)extend“伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。(3)spread“伸开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息)等。(4)stretch“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。(1)Thecat_________outinfrontofthefire.猫在火炉前伸开四肢。(2)Thehotweather__________toOctober.炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。(3)Aschildrengrowolderthey_________theirinterestsandbeemoreconfident.随着年龄的增长，孩子们的兴趣会变广泛，人也会变得更自信。(4)Thefiresoon_________tothenearbybuildings.火势不久就蔓延到邻近的建筑。‘stretchedextendedexpandspread2.worth/worthy/worthwhile(1)worth只做表语，表示“值……钱，值得干……”，后跟名词或动名词，不跟不定式。worth常用well修饰，不用very。Thebookiswellworthreading.这书值得一读。(2)worthy意为“值得的”，除在书面语体中用做定语外，一般用做表语。beworthy后常接“of＋名词/动名词(被动式)”、不定式。Theplaceisworthytobevisited/ofbeingvisited.这地方值得一游。(3)worthwhile的常用句式为Itisworthwhiletodosth./doingsth.,it是形式主语，todo/doing做真正主语，即：做某事是值得的。Itisworthwhilevisiting/tovisittheplace.参观那地方还是很值得的。用worth,worthy和worthwhile填空(1)Herachievementsare______ofthehighestpraise.她的成就值得高度的赞扬。(2)Hangzhouisabeautifulplace;itis___________going/togothere.杭州是个美丽的地方，值得一去。(3)Theproblemis__________tobeconsidered.这个问题值得考虑。(4)Thenewbikeis______350Yuan.这辆新自行车值350元。(5)Heisateacher______ofgreatrespect.他是位受尊敬的老师。(6)Itis___________toaskhimtojointheclub.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。(7)Thepictureis______takinggoodcareof.这幅画值得好好保存。(8)Theschemeiswell______atry.这个计划很值得一试。‘worthyworthwhileworthyworthworthyworthwhileworthworthII.常考的阅读理解词汇及短语：（它们在阅读中出现的几率极高，阅读40分志在必得，现在开始狂背哟。）Unit1achievementn.成就；功绩welfaren.福利；福利事业projectn.项目；工程；规划instituten.学会；学院；协会specialistn.专家；专业工作者connectionn.连接；关系humanbeing人类campaignn.运动；战役vi.作战；参加运动organizationn.组织；机构；团体behavevt.&vi.举动；（举止或行为）表现behaviour(=behavior)行为；举止；习性shaden.荫；阴凉处vt.遮住光线moveoff离开；起程；出发worthwhileadj.值得的；值得做的nestn.巢；窝bondn.联系；关系；结合；纽带observevt.观察；观测；遵守observationn.观察；观测childhoodn.童年；幼年时代outspokenadj.直言的；坦诚respectvt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意arguevt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论argumentn.争论；争辩；争吵entertainmentn.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演leada…life过着……的生活crowdn.人群；观众vt.挤满；使拥挤crowdin（想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海inspirevt.鼓舞；激发；启示△inspirationn.灵感；鼓舞supportn.&vt.支持；拥护lookdownupon/on蔑视；瞧不起refervi.谈到；查阅；参考referto查阅；参考；谈到audiencen.观众；听众；读者bychance碰巧；凑巧eacross（偶然）遇见；碰见△careern.事业；生涯raten.比率；速度sicknessn.疾病；恶心intendvt.计划；打算emergencyn.突发事件；紧急情况generationn.一代；一辈△determinationn.决心；果断kindnessn.仁慈；好意considerateadj.考虑周到的considerationn.考虑；体谅modestadj.谦虚的；谦让的；适度的Unit2statisticn.（常用plstatisitcs）数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料sunburntadj.晒黑的strugglevt.&vi.斗争；拼搏；努力decaden.十年；十年期superadj.特级的；超级的outputn.产量；输出cropn.庄稼；农作物；产量hungern.饥饿；欲望vt.&vi.（使）饥饿disturbingadj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的circulatevt.&vi.循环；流传Vietnamn.越南（东南亚国家）battlen.战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt.&vi.搏斗；奋斗freedomn.自由；自主thereforeadj.因为；所以；因而equipvt.&vi.配备；装备grainn.谷物；粮食；颗粒exportvt.&vi.输出；出口nationalityn.国籍occupationn.工作；职业；占领confusevt.使迷惑；使为难chemicaladj.化学的；关于化学的productionn.生产；制造bacterian.（bacterium的复数形式）细菌pestn.害虫；害兽；害鸟buildup逐渐增强；建立；开发nutritionn.营养;滋养；食物mineraln.矿物；矿石discoveryn.发现；发觉soiln.土壤reducevt.减少；减缩keep…freefrom/of使……免受（影响；害等）；使……不含（有害物）rootn.根；根源skimvt.浏览；略读underlinevt.画底线标出；强调summaryn.；摘要；概要mentn.评论；议论vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论III.重点句型背诵1.what在从句中可用做主语、宾语或者表语。此从句在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”。①AfterahardtimetheycametowhatiscalledAmericatoday.艰难的努力后他们来到了现在称作美洲的地方。②WenowliveinwhatiscalledtheInformationAge.我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。③Hegraduatedfromwhatwascalledakeyhighschool.他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。2.wouldrather(1)wouldrather意为“宁愿，更愿意”，后接动词原形，否定式是在wouldrather后加not/never。①—Shallwedineout?—I‘dratherstayathome.——我们要不要出去吃饭？——我宁愿留在家里。②I‘drathernottellanybodyaboutit.我不愿把这事告诉任何人。(2)wouldratherdosth.thandosth./woulddosth.ratherthandosth.意为“宁愿做某事而不去做某事”。①Iwouldratherlistentoothersthantalkmyself.我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说。②Hewouldratherdiethangivein.他宁死不屈。(3)wouldratherhavedonesth.意为“要是做过某事就好了；宁愿做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾等语气。Iwouldratherhavetakenhisadviceyesterday.我昨日要是听了他的建议就好了。(4)wouldrather后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用过去时态虚拟语气。①Iwouldrather(that)hedidn‘te.我宁愿他没来。②I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.我更愿意你给我讲实话。3.only的用法(1)only在句首修饰做状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。(2)only在句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。(3)only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序。①OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofmunication.只有到那时我才意识到交流的重要性。②OnlyinthiswaycanweimproveourEnglish.只有以这种方法，我们才能提高英语水平。③Onlyafteryouhavereachedeighteencanyoujointhearmy.只有当你年满十八周岁后，你才能参军。④Onlyhecananswerthequestion.只有他能回答这个问题。强调句型：Itis/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋其他部分4.强调句型提示：(1)只能强调句中的主语、宾语和状语，不能用该句式强调句子谓语。(2)如果强调两个以上的并列主语，该句式仍用is/was，不用are/were。(3)强调部分为表示“人”的名词时，可用who；其他情况则用that。(4)强调not...until句型时，要将主句中的not一起强调。即Itis/wasnotuntil...that...(5)Is/Wasit＋被强调成分＋that...？为其一般疑问句形式。(6)特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋被强调成分＋that...？为其特殊疑问句形式。(7)强调句的特殊疑问句如果用于宾语从句中，该强调句式要用陈述语序。①ItisIthat/whoamgoingforaholidaywithMary.是我要跟玛丽一块儿去度假。②Whenisitthatwewillhaveameeting?我们什么时候开会？③ItwasnotuntilhetookoffhisdarkglassesthatIrealizedhewasafamousfilmstar.直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是位著名的影星。④Itwasinthistownthathewasbroughtup.他是在这个镇上被养大的。(强调句)⑤Itwasthistownwhere/inwhichhewasbroughtup.这是他被抚养长大的城镇。(定语从句)能力提升——测一测I．单词拼写1．Devotedtothecauseofeducationallherlife,shewasr_______________byallthepeopleinhercountry.2．Hisfirstsongwas__________bythememoryofhismother.3．Theoldmancamein,withtwoyoungmen______________hisbody.4．Swimmingacrossthelakeforthefirsttimeisagreata___________.respected　inspiredsupportingachievement5．There'sac_____________betweensmokingandheartdisease.6．Janedevotedherselftosocial_________(福利)work.7．Theyworkinanart___________(学院)．8．Heisa__________(专家)inhistory.9．Doyouknowaboutthe________________(组织)?10．Theystarteda____________(运动)tostoppeoplesmoking.‘connectionwelfare　institutespecialistorganizationcampaign11．TheyaskedsomanyquestionsthatIgotc___________.12．Metalse____________whentheyareheated.13．Thepeopletherearefightingtogaintheirf_______fromforeigncontrol.14．Wearenotdoingac__________experimentbutaphysicalone.15．Indiae__________teaandcottontomanydifferentcountries.confused　expandfreedomchemicalexports16．Now,peopleinthesouthgrowalotofricethathasahigh__________(产量)．17．Thiskindoffoodcontainsallthe___________(营养)ourbodyneeds.18．Peopleintheareaweregrounddownby_________(饥饿)andpoverty.19．Theyhavesolduptenbottlesof___________(矿泉)waterintheafternoon.20．Weshouldmakea_______________(总结)oftheresultsoftheexambriefly.output　nutritionhungermineralsummaryII.短语填空(1)Onceadecisionisreached,itmustbefirmly________________.决定一旦形成，就必须坚决执行。(2)Shesuddenly____________anidea.她突然有了个主意。(3)Youmustn't__________________thedisabled.你决不能瞧不起残疾人。(4)He_________________________________atthemeeting.他在会上作了重要。(5)Thelake______________pollution.这湖没有污染。(6)I__________________theresult.我对那个结果很满意。(7)Youmust_____________________theseold－fashionedideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。(8)_______________Jim'swarning,weavoidedtheaccident.多亏吉姆的提醒，我们避免了一场事故。1.carriedout2.cameacross3.lookdownupon4.deliveredanimportantreport5.isfreeof6.wassatisfiedwith7.ridyourselfof8.ThankstoIII.句型填空1.Onlyinthisway______improveourEnglish.只有以这种方法，我们才能提高英语水平。2.Itwas_____hetookoffhisdarkglasses_______Irealizedhewasafamousfilmstar.直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是位著名的影星。3.Hegraduatedfrom_____wascalledakeyhighschool.他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。4.Iwouldrather________thantalkmyself.我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说。1.canwe2.notuntil...that3.what4.listentoothersIV．语法填空【南昌市十所省重点中学xx年二模突破冲刺2】Longago,inafar-awayplace,anoldtribalchieffoundhimselfterminallyill.Sohecalledthreemostpromisingyoungvillagerstohisbedsideandsaid,“AsI　1　(leave)yousoon,Ihopeyoucandoonemorethingforme.Youngmen,youthreeareall　2　(usual)strongandresourceful,soI’dlikeyoutostrivetoclimbthathighmountainwehavealwaysbeenworshipping　3　asacredplace.Trytoreachthetopandthenturnbacktotellmeaboutyourfindings.Threedayslater,thefirstyoungmanreturnedsmartlydressedandsaid　4　(smile),“Lord,I’vebeentothemountaintop　5　Isawflowersofallsorts,springwaterandsingingbirds.That’sarealniceplace.”Theoldtribalchiefrepliedwithasmile,“Son,I’vebeentherebefore.It’snotthemountaintop　6　thefootofthemountain.Youcanleavenow.”Aweeklater,thesecondyoungmanalsoreturned.“Lord,I’vebeentothemountaintop　7　aforestoftallpinetreesandvulturescirclingintheair.That’sareallyniceplace.”“Whatapity!”saidthechief.“Son,you’vebeenhalfwayupthemountainratherthantothesummit.Nowyoucanleave.”Amonthlater,thethirdyoungmanshowedupinrags,hishairoff-coloredbuthiseyesclearandbright.“Lord,Isucceededinreachingthesummit.Therewasnothingtherebutthehighlandwindandthebluesky　8　(hang)overtheland.”“Soyousawnothingatall?Noteven　9　butterfly?”“No,Lord,nothing.Allyoucanseeisyourself.Youjustfeelhowinsignificantyouareinthisinfiniteuniverse　10　standingatthetop!”“Son,you’vereachedtherealmountaintop.Congratulations!Youwillbeundoubtedlymadeournewtribalchief!”【答案】【小题1】amleaving/willleave【小题2】unusually【小题3】as【小题4】smilingly【小题5】where【小题6】but【小题7】with【小题8】hanging【小题9】a【小题10】while【小题2】unusually考查副词。修饰形容词(strong)应用副词。【小题3】as考查介词。把那座高山视为圣地。as意为“作为”。【小题4】smilingly考查副词。修饰动词(said),应用副词。【小题5】where考查关系副词。where引导定语从句,修饰mountaintop。从句中缺少地点状语,应用where引导。【小题6】but考查并列连词。句意:那不是山顶,而是山脚。not...but...不是……而是……。【小题7】with考查介词。with=having。【小题8】hanging考查非谓语动词。hang和sky之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作定语。【小题9】a考查冠词。butterfly是可数名词,此处是泛指蝴蝶,应用不定冠词修饰。【小题10】while考查连词。句意:当你站在山顶的时候,你只能感觉到在无穷的宇宙中,你是多么渺小!while当……时候,引导时间状语从句。考点：考查语法填空V.范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）Asafamoussayinggoes,“Afriendisapresentwhichyougiveyourself.”（1）真正的朋友是和我们分享生活、思想和感受的人_________________________________________________.Whenwegetintotrouble,ourfriendsalwayshelpusout.That’swhysomeonesays“Friendsarethesunshineoflife”.Inordertomakefriends,weshouldbehonestandhelpful.（2）这样我们就能给别人留下一个好印象，这使别人和我们可能成为朋友____________________________________________________.Atthesametime,whenourfriendsareinneed,weshouldgivethemahelpinghandaswell.Weallneedfriends.Solet’streasureourfriendstoenjoylifetothefullest.答案：（1）Atruefriendissomeonewithwhomwecanshareourlife,thoughtsandfeelings.（高级句型：介词前置的定语从句）（2）Inthiswaywecanmakeafavorableimpressiononothers,whichmakesitpossibleforotherstobefriendswithus.（which引导的非限制性定语从句）