大学体验英语第一册综合教程7

Unit 7 I. Listen and Talk • Lead in Dialogue 1 After class, a Chinese student goes to her foreign teacher to consult him about English learning strategies. Key words and patterns: I’m so worried about my … Could you give me some advice on … don’t worry about it you’d better … could you show me some tips That’s a good idea. Dialogue 2 At the English corner, a Chinese student meets a foreign friend and asks for his advice on learning English. Key words and patterns: I felt a little nervous. Can you help me … It’s Okay. Everyone makes mistakes. it might be a good idea to … That’s true. II. Read and Explore • Passage A · Think About It 1. Some people say, “We learn more outside class.” Do you agree? Why or why not? Yes, Why? Yes, that’s true, because what we get in class is just book knowledge, while outside class or in the society we get real-life knowledge, which is more practical for our future life. No, Why Not? No, if so why should we go to school or college and attend so many classes? Why should we care how well our teachers are prepared for their jobs. 2. According to the passage, what benefits can undergraduate students get by doing research at college? · They can earn academic credit, money, and experience as well. · They can learn to think for themselves and gain intellectual confidence. · They can expand their minds in new directions. · They can prepare for their careers. · Related Information · Undergraduate Research In many universities, students are encouraged to participate in research to develop their own original research designs under the guidance of instructors. Students are usually paid for their research. If they register for a course and do a project, they can earn academic credits. In some departments a research project might constitute an honors thesis. · Ways to Graduate with Honors’ In U. S. education there are four main ways students may graduate with honors. all A’s______ may graduate with highest honors’ mostly A’s ______may graduate with high honors’ mostly A’s& B’s ______ may graduate with honors’ A student may graduate with honors in the major field. This requires high grades in the major, fairly good grades overall, and an extra research project in the major. · Honors Thesis An honors student does an extra research project in the major and writes a research paper can graduate with honors. This extra research project paper is usually called an honors thesis, which resembles a short master’s thesis. · Notes to the Text 1. Sophia Stella...is one of many undergraduates who become involved, one way or another, in research performed at the university: (para.1) Sophia Stella is one of many students who participated somehow in undergraduate research at Columbia’s School of Engineering. 哥伦比亚大学工程学院二年级学生索菲亚·斯黛拉，是众多以各种方式在校参与研究工作的学生之一。 2. Students and professors agree that an undergraduate research project can be uniquely beneficial to both parties: (para.1) Students and professors both find undergraduate research helpful. 老师和学生都认为，大学生从事研究工作对师生双方都有特别的好处。 3. Ideally, undergraduate research is an opportunity for the kind of intensive study that can expand the mind in ways traditional courses can’t: (para. 2) Undergraduate research allows students to think more deeply for themselves than traditional courses do. 的确，大学生从事研究是一种深入学习的机会，能拓展思维，而这是传统教育做不到的。 4. When students see a discipline as evolving rather than fixed, they usually get a lot more excited about learning: (para. 2) Students enjoy the process of seeing new knowledge being created. 当学生认识到一门学科是发的而非静止的，他们就会对学习产生更大的兴趣， 5. He also describes how creating a piece of original research instilled a “pride of authorship” in his work: (para.4) Students are proud when they see their own work becoming part of the new knowledge created by the research. 他还认为，一项有创意的独特研究会让你的工作充满“独家创造的自豪” original research: research done on one’s own, perhaps on a new topic or in search of new facts or theories on an old topic pride of authorship: satisfaction at seeing one’s own work in print 6. In some departments a research project might constitute an honors thesis : (para.5) A research project may meet a requirement in a special program for honors students, who must write an extra research paper to graduate with honors. 有些系的学生通过做研究项目，可能据此写出一篇（教学规定之外的）论文，从而在毕业时获得（这个学科的单科优秀）荣誉。 honors thesis: In most English speaking countries honors students may volunteer to do some extra work not required of other students, and must have good grades to be admitted to the honors program. 7. paid research work gives her an opportunity to transform a work-study job into an engaging aspect of her education: (para.6) Working part-time for the college can be made more interesting and informative if it involves research. 有偿研究工作使她的勤工俭学演变成其教育的充满魅力的一个方面。 work-study job: part-time job on campus 8. Usually, these are students pursuing a career that requires some demonstration of altruistic commitment, such as medicine: (para. 7) These students have chosen careers which involve helping other people, such as being a doctor. 这些学生将来从事的职业通常需要他们关心他人，比如当医生。 (demonstration of ) altruistic commitment: (evidence of) a desire to help other people · Summary of the Text Summarize the passage using the tips below. expand one’s mind give the student a head start earn money/credits/experiences work independently build confidence Undergraduate research is a good way to develop a student’s mind. It can also give the student a head start on a career or even earn the student some money. When doing research the student must work independently, which builds confidence while practicing useful skills. By applying knowledge learned from a book or a classroom to a research project, the student learns much more than could be learned in another way. Mastery of facts is only the beginning of our learning. It’s what we do with them that really matters. · Words and Expressions 1. beneficial: adj. helpful Examples: · Going to class more often may be beneficial to your grade. · Encouraging people not to throw garbage onto the street is beneficial to society. 2. constitute: v. to form or make up Examples: · Seven days constitute a week. · The eight professors constitute the judging panel. 3. demonstration n. evidence, proof; illustration or example Examples: · Fruit falling offers a demonstration of gravity. · His willingness to work with AIDS patients was a clear demonstration of his altruistic commitment. 4. expand the mind stimulate curiosity and learning Examples: · Reading Einstein’s biography expanded my mind as I began to understand the Theory of Relativity. · You can expand your mind by traveling and meeting interesting people. 5. it isn’t just... but rather... : it’s true (that)... but it’s more important (that)... Examples: · It isn’t just the stifling heat, but rather the dripping humidity that makes Changsha uncomfortable in the summer. · It isn’t just the award you received, but rather the confidence you showed in the competition that makes me proud. 6. on ... basis a longer way to create an adverb from the “noun” Examples: · I tutored my friend on a volunteer basis, in other words, voluntarily. · A spy operates secretly, in other words, by obtaining information on a secret basis. 7. one way or another somehow; however you can (perhaps despite some difficulty) Examples: · Almost every country becomes involved, one way or another, when there’s a World War. · If you care about your work you’ll always get there on time, one way or another. Translate the two sentences into Chinese. 8. original adj. new and different, unlike others Examples: · This product sells well for its original design. original research: research done on one’s own, perhaps on a new topic or in search of new facts or theories on an old topic Examples: · Many scientists competed to do original research that might prove or disprove Einstein’s new theory. 9. see ... as... consider ...to be ..., regard ... as ... Examples: · It would be disappointing if you see the ugly building as a work of art. · If you see the Beatles’s later songs as poetry, you’ll understand them better. 10. work-study job part-time job on campus Examples: · My work-study job was to deliver inter-office mail on the campus, which allowed me to meet many interesting people while earning money to pay for college. · If you can’t get a work-study job, you should look for a job off-campus. · Understanding the Text 1. Who can get benefits from an undergraduate research? Both students and professors. 2. Why does Professor Ralph Edison say that research can be exciting? Because a research project gives students an opportunity to answer real-life questions. 3. Why does Arthur Hannah say that undergraduate research is a whole new mode of learning? Because research forces students to look for information they don’t know, not for knowledge they already have. 4. Why do some students do research without caring for money or credit? Because they work as volunteers, pursing a career that requires altruistic commitment. 5. What kind of learning strategies does Professor Edison encourage the students to use in learning a discipline? To learn actively, to see a discipline as evolving, and to rethink things constantly. 6. What’s the passage mainly about? The various benefits of doing undergraduate research. • Passage B · Think About It 1. In what main way (or ways) do you usually learn? Do you learn a language the same way you learn a sport, a skill or a scientific theory? Each student may answer differently. Some may have a favorite way, and others may use a variety of methods. The author says emulation is the best way to learn a sport, or a skill (computers, business). It can be inferred from the article that he’d say the same method is the best for learning languages. However, it’s hard to learn a language by just using emulation. There must be some knowledge of vocabulary and grammar, and the student must practice regularly even if no expert speaker is available to emulate. 2. When learning something new, what benefits can be found in other people’s successes? It’s always best to use the most successful people as role models by observing them and emulating their methods. · Related Information · Pro Circuit In some professional sports such as tennis, golf, bowling, and track, professional athletes travel from town to town and sometimes from country to country competing in weekly events. This is called the Pro Circuit or Pro The major events, such as the U.S., British, French, and Australian Opens in tennis are part of the Pro Circuit. · Leading Computer Companies The two leading computer companies in the world are IBM (International Business Machines) and Microsoft. IBM specializes in hardware, and Microsoft specializes in software. Windows is clearly the dominant software format, and this may be Microsoft’s greatest contribution to the computer industry. The PC (personal computer) was actually pioneered by other companies such as Apple, but IBM has met this challenge with PC’s of its own and still dominates the field. · Notes to the Text 1. I used creative emulation to help me attain my goal of playing tennis on the pro circuit. (para. 2) 创造性模仿让我实现了参加职业网球巡回赛的目标。 pro circuit: the professional tour in any sport 2. I examined back issues of every tennis magazine looking for articles on techniques. (para. 2) 我仔细研究每一本过期的网球杂志，寻找各种关于网球技术的文章。 back issues: issues from previous dates 3. I wrote most of these ideas in my personal journal, which consisted of several notebooks and thousands of index cards. (para. 2) 我将绝大部分心得写在日记里,我记的日记有好几本，还做了上千的索引卡片。 personal journal: a kind of diary, consisting of notebooks, etc., which are usually not published and may only be used by the author 4. This process converted me from a third-string player on a second-rate college tennis team to someone who could win a few minor tournaments on the pro circuit. (para. 2) 就这样，我从一个二流大学网球队的候补队员变成一个小型职业比赛的夺冠者。 third-string: the lowest status on the team 5. I established a goal of starting a part-time business lecturing and conducting seminars. (para.3) 我又打算开办一个业余行当——开学习班。 conduct seminars: leading group learning projects which last at least several hours and maybe several days 6. These went so well that I was able to leave traditional education for good in 1989. (para. 4) These (lectures and seminars) were so successful that I could quit my fulltime classroom teaching job permanently in 1989. 这些是如此成功，以至于我在1989年能够永远舍弃传统教育这一行。 7. … the key to successful creative emulation is to emulate the successful people, the doers of the world. (para. 5) 创造性效仿的成功秘诀在于效仿世上那些成功的人和实干的人。 the doers of the world: the energetic and successful people in the world (or any other group) Click the following words to listen to the text. · Summary of the Text Summarize the passage using the tips below. creative emulation model on add own personal features built a successful business role models The author has been successful in several different fields, such as academics, sports, computers, and business. In each case he uses the same strategy, which he calls creative emulation. He finds the people who are already successful and tries to model his behavior on theirs, adding his own personal features. Using this approach he has built a large and successful business. But he also notes that his young son uses the same strategy for learning about daily living. With such a smart father to emulate, this should be no surprise. Students may do likewise by choosing especially successful classmates or teachers as their role models. · Words and Expressions 1. attain： v. to succeed in arriving at, esp. after efforts; reach Examples: · He has attained the age of eighty. · The perfection to which the pianist had attained was achieved by years of hard work. 2. back issues: issues from previous dates Examples: · I looked at the back issues of the newspaper every day last week. · Our library only keeps the back issues of magazines for five years. 3. convert： v. to change into another form, state or substance Examples: · Water is converted into stream if it is boiled. · Over years’ effort, we’ve converted plan economy into market one. 4. creative： adj. producing new and original ideas and things Examples: · He’s qualified with this job because he can always come up with creative ideas. · We need someone to design a creative marketing strategy. 5. minor： adj. of little importance Examples: · The young actress was given a minor part in the play. · He could not understand why the coach was so angry with him for his minor mistake. 6. pro circuit: the professional tour in any sport Examples: · The pro tennis circuit will have a match in Hong Kong this month. · Tiger Woods is the leading money winner on the pro golf circuit. 7. significant: n. of notable importance Examples: · The 1990 Clean Air Act has a significant effect on improving the environment. · Your success today may be significant for your whole future. 8. in person: directly, face to face Examples: · If you want to say you love someone, it’s best to do this in person. · I can understand your English better in person than I can on the telephone. 9. personal journal: a kind of diary, consisting of notebooks, etc., which are usually not published and may only be used by the author Examples: · She kept a personal journal during her vacation trip to several foreign cities. · He kept a personal journal of his efforts to master new computer software. 10. consist of ... include ... as its main parts or aspects Examples: · The book consisted of eight chapters. · Our class reunion consisted of eating, drinking, dancing, and visiting old friends. 11. third-string: the lowest status on the team Examples: · Michael Cox was only a third-string player so he rarely traveled with the team to any big matches. · Michael Jordan was only a third-string player as a high school sophomore but now he is a big pro star. 12. for good: permanently, forever Examples: · I hope we can be best friends for good. · Once I learned to like spicy food I liked it for good. · Understanding the Text 1. How does the author’s young son learn something new? He emulates what his father does and adds his own creative skills. 2. How did the author reach his goal of playing tennis on the pro circuit? He creatively emulated those successful players. He read books and magazines for articles on techniques, watched top pro matches on television or videotapes and went to see pros play in person. While studying, he would make observations and notes. 3. What rewards did the author get by mastering his method of emulation? He succeeded every time he tried, and started a new business which now includes several complex enterprises. 4. If the author wanted to learn to play a guitar, what would he be most likely to do first? Get VCD’s of the world’s best guitarists. 5. If the author were your teacher in a business or computer class, what would you expect him to do to help you learn better? He would try to set a good example for the students, and get the poorer students to emulate the better ones. 6. What do you think of the author’s method of learning? Open. It’s a good way to learn. But perhaps the author should consider some other methods, not just emulation. For example, if you insist on emulation, you’l only go to the English corner if you know someone will be there whose English is better than you. PAGE 14