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剑桥雅思阅读分析之长难句 朗阁雅思考试研究中心 在许多考试中,同学们都会遇到长难句,而且及其难理解,很多学生看到这些句子段落就看是害怕,其实这些句子只要慢慢剖析就能一一击破,并不是特别的难,重要的是方法! 1.As audiences grew, so did the places where films were shown, finishing up with the …great picture palaces? of the 1920s, which rivaled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour. (剑4, General Training Test A section 3) 分析:本句的主句为倒装句“so did the places”; “As audiences grew”为as引导的时间状语从句;“where films were shown”为定语从句,做places的定语,关系词为where; “finishing up with the …great picture palaces? of the 1920s”为现在分词短语做伴随状语;“which rivaled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour.”为非限制性定语从句,关系词为which。 2. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2) 分析:本句的主句为“Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever lev el of shock was called for”; 其中“whatever level of shock was called for”为whatever引导的宾语从句,做administer的宾语;as per为介词短语,意为依据,根据;“governing the experimental situation of the moment”为现在分词短语作定语,做the rule的定语。 3.In terms of artistic development it was again the French and the Americans 1 who took the lead, though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part.(剑4, General Training Test A section 3) 分析:本句主句为强调句式“it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead”; “though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part”为though引导的让步状语从句。 4.The rest of the world survived partly by learning from Hollywood and partly because audiences continued to exist for a product which corresponded to needs which Hollywood could not supply.(剑4, General Training Test A section 3) 分析:本句的主句为“The rest of the world survived”; “because audiences continued to exist for a product”为because引导的原因状语从句;“which corresponded to needs ”为定语从句,做product的定语,关系词为which; “which H ollywood could not supply”为定语从句,做needs的定语,关系词为which。 5.If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2) 分析:本句的主句为“Milgram said that…”; “If the subject was still reluctant to proceed”为If引导的条件状语从句;“that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.”为that引导的宾语从句,做said的宾语;在该宾语从句“that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.”中,it为形式主语,“that the procedure be followed through to the end”为that引导的主语从句,是该宾语从句真正的主语。 6.As well as popular audiences, there were also increasing audiences for films which were artistically more adventurous or which dealt with the issues in the outer world. (剑4, General Training Test A section 3) 分析:本句的主句为“there were also increasing audiences for films”, “which were artistically more adventurous”和“which dealt with the issues in the outer world”为并列句,由or连接,都为定语从句做films的定语,关系词都为which. 7.Taree offers the Veterinary Assistant program and has introduced …Agristudy?, which enables students to learn flexibly and by correspondence, using a mixture of student learning guides, telephone tuorials, information sessions and workshops. (剑4, General Training Test B section2) 分析:本句主句为“T aree offers the Veterinary Assistant program and has introduced …Agristudy?”, “which enables students to learn flexibly and by correspondence, using a mixture of student learning guides, telephone tuorials, information sessions and workshops”为定语从句,做…Agristudy?的定语,关系词为which。 8.For his astonishing achievements he was awarded the Nobel Prize and it is from his work that most of today?s knowledge of what bees say to each other derives. (剑4, General Training Test B section3) 分析:本句为并列句,“For his astonishing achievements he was awarded the Nobel Prize”和“it is from his work that most of today?s knowledge of what bees say to each other derives”并列,由and连接,并且“it is from his work that most of today?s knowl edge of what bees say to each other derives”为强调句式;“what bees say to each other”为what引导的宾语从句,做of的宾语。 9.Von Frisch knew from experiments by an earlier researcher that if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it but, once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup.(剑4, General Training Test B section3) 分析:本句的主句为“Von Frisch knew from experiments by an earlier researcher that…”; “that if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it but, once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup”为that引导的宾语 从句,做knew的宾语;句子“if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it”和句子“once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup”并列,由but连接;句子“if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it”中的“if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar s yrup”为if 引导的条件状语从句;句子“once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup”中的“once they had done so” 为once引导的时间状语从句。 10.T he overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2) 分析:本句主句为“The overwhelming consensus was that…”; “that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter”为表语从句,做was的表语。 11.I n the first type, a returning scout scampered in circle, alternating to right and left, stopping occasionally to regurgitate food samples to the excited bees chasing after her.(剑4, General Training Test B section3) 分析:本句主句为“a returning scout scampered in circle”; “alternating to right and left”和“stopping occasionally to regurgita te food samples to the excited bees chasing after her”均为现在分词短语做伴随状语,引导词省略;“chasing after her”为现在分词短语做定语,做bees的定语。 (本文来自朗阁教育托福考试教研组,供广大考生学习使用,转载请注明出处)