2018年1月6日托福阅读真题回忆

2018年1月6日托福阅读真题回忆2018年第一场托福考试已经结束，参加这场托福考试的同学考得如何呢?本次托福考试考到了哪些托福真题呢?这里三立在线教育托福网第一时间为大家整理了完整的2018年1月6日托福阅读考试真题回忆，希望对同学们托福备考有所帮助。2018年1月6日托福阅读考题回忆PassageOne学科分类：地质类题目：SeaIce内容回忆：第一段：浮冰季节性的形成和消融会对地球地貌产生巨大的影响。第二段：浮冰会将太阳光反射到大气层中，而没有浮冰的海水会吸收热量。因为温室效应，全球变暖冰山融化，海水吸收更多热量，就会导致浮冰进一步融化。第三段：当浮冰形成时，会产生一种positiveeffect，将冰层中的盐分排放到附近的海水中，这些海水盐分很高就会沉到海底。这种positiveeffect和风力一起影响洋流的行径。第四段：浮冰对航海探索也造成了印象，例如在19世纪，有一支船队在夏季结束的时候去航海探索，但是被浮冰困住了，浮冰挤压的力量使船崩溃瓦解。而后来，另一支船队在天气暖的时候去，探索非常顺利。PassageTwo学科分类：考古类题目：ImpactsandMassExtinctions内容回忆：ImpactsandMassExtinctions(和90%相似题目有改动)MeteoritesandimpactcratersbearwitnesstothefactthatlargeimpactsoccasionallyoccuronEarth.MeteorCraterinthenorthernArizonadesertoftheUnitedStatesformedabout50,000yearsagowhenametallicimpactorroughly50metersacrosscrashedtoEarthwiththeexplosivepowerofa20-megatonhydrogenbomb.Althoughthecraterisonlyslightlymorethanonekilometeracross,anareacoveringhundredsofsquarekilometerswasprobablybatteredbytheblastandejecta—thedebrisejectedordisplacedduringtheformationofanimpactcrater.Farbiggerimpactshaveoccurred,sometimeswithcatastrophicconsequencesforlifeonEarth.WhilecollectinggeologicalsamplesinItalyin1978,thefather-sonteamofLuisandWalterAlvarezdiscoveredathinlayerofdarksedimentthathadapparentlybeendeposited65millionyearsago—ataboutthesametimethatthedinosaursandmanyotherorganismssuddenlybecameextinct.Subsequentstudiesfoundsimilarsedimentdepositedatthesametimeatmanysitesaroundtheworld.Carefulanalysisshowedthisworldwidesedimentlayertoberichiniridium,andelementthatisrareonEarth’ssurface.Butiridiumiscommoninprimitivemeteorites,whichledtheAlvarezestoastunningconclusion:theextinctionofthedinosaurswascausedbytheimpactofanasteroidorcomet.Thisconclusionwasnotimmediatelyacceptedandstillgeneratessomecontroversy,butitnowseemsclearthatamajorimpactcoincidedwiththedeathofthedinosaurs.Whilethedinosaurswerethemostfamousvictimsofthismassextinction,itseemsthatupto99percentofalllivingthingswerekilledandthat75percentofallspecieslivingonEarthwerewipedoutatthattime.Howcouldanimpactleadtomassextinction?Theamountofiridiumdepositedworldwidesuggeststhattheimpactormusthavebeenabout10kilometersacross.Afteradecade-longsearch,scientistsidentifiedwhatappearstobetheimpactcraterfromtheevent.LocatedoffthecoastofMexico’sYucatanpeninsula,itis200kilometersacross,whichisclosetowhatonewouldexpectfora10-kilometerimpactor,anddatesto65millionyearsago.FurtherevidencethattheYucatancrateristherightonecomesfromthedistributionofsmallglassyspheresthatformedwhenthemoltenimpactejectasolidifiedasitrainedbacktoEarth.Moreoftheseglassyspheresarefoundinregionsnearthecrater,andcarefulstudyoftheirdistributionsuggeststhattheimpactorcrashedtoEarthataslightangle.Thesepiecesofoncemoltenrockareevidenceofanexplosionpowerfulenoughtoinstantlymeltbedrockandpropelitfarfromitsorigin.TheimpactalmostimmediatelysentashowerofdebrisrainingacrossmuchofNorthandSouthAmericaandgeneratedhugewavesthatmayhavesloshedmorethan1,000kilometersinland.ManyNorthAmericanspeciesthusmayhavebeenwipedoutshortlyafterimpact.Fortherestoftheworld,deathmayhavecomemoreslowly.Heatfromtheimpactandreturningejectaprobablyignitedwildfiresinforestsaroundtheworld.Evidenceofwildfiresisfoundinthelargeamountofsoot(ablackpowderyformofcarbonproducedwhencoal,wood,oroilisburned)thatisalsopresentintheindium-richsedimentfrom65millionyearsago.Theimpactalsosenthugequantitiesofdusthighintothestratosphere,whereitremainedforseveralyears,blockingoutsunlight,coolingthesurface,andaffectingatmosphericchemistry.Plantsdiedforlackofsunlight,andeffectspropagatedthroughoutthefoodchain.Perhapsthemostastonishingfactisnotthat75percentofallspeciesdied,butthat25percentsurvived.Amongthesurvivorswereafewsmall,rodent-likemammals.Thesemammalsmayhavesurvivedbecausetheylivedinundergroundburrowsandmanagedtostoreenoughfoodtooutlastthelongspellofcold,darkdays.Smallmammalshadfirstarisenataboutthesametimeasthedinosaurs,morethan100millionyearsearlier.Butthesuddendisappearanceofthedominantdinosaursmadethesemammalsdominant.Paragraph1MeteoritesandimpactcratersbearwitnesstothefactthatlargeimpactsoccasionallyoccuronEarth.MeteorCraterinthenorthernArizonadesertoftheUnitedStatesformedabout50,000yearsagowhenametallicimpactorroughly50metersacrosscrashedtoEarthwiththeexplosivepowerofa20-megatonhydrogenbomb.Althoughthecraterisonlyslightlymorethanonekilometeracross,anareacoveringhundredsofsquarekilometerswasprobablybatteredbytheblastandejecta—thedebrisejectedordisplacedduringtheformationofanimpactcrater.Farbiggerimpactshaveoccurred,sometimeswithcatastrophicconsequencesforlifeonEarth.1.Theword”catastrophic”inthepassageisclosetinmeaningto¡widespread¡disastrous¡important¡immediateParagraph2WhilecollectinggeologicalsamplesinItalyin1978,thefather-sonteamofLuisandWalterAlvarezdiscoveredathinlayerofdarksedimentthathadapparentlybeendeposited65millionyearsago—ataboutthesametimethatthedinosaursandmanyotherorganismssuddenlybecameextinct.Subsequentstudiesfoundsimilarsedimentdepositedatthesametimeatmanysitesaroundtheworld.Carefulanalysisshowedthisworldwidesedimentlayertoberichiniridium,andelementthatisrareonEarth’ssurface.Butiridiumiscommoninprimitivemeteorites,whichledtheAlvarezestoastunningconclusion:theextinctionofthedinosaurswascausedbytheimpactofanasteroidorcomet.Thisconclusionwasnotimmediatelyacceptedandstillgeneratessomecontroversy,butitnowseemsclearthatamajorimpactcoincidedwiththedeathofthedinosaurs.Whilethedinosaurswerethemostfamousvictimsofthismassextinction,itseemsthatupto99percentofalllivingthingswerekilledandthat75percentofallspecieslivingonEarthwerewipedoutatthattime.2.Theword”Subsequent”inthepassageisclosetinmeaningto¡Detailed¡Later¡Recent¡Additional3.Thephrase”coincidedwith”inthepassageisclosetinmeaningto¡occurredbefore¡happenedatthesametimeas¡speededup¡caused4.Inparagraph2,theauthordiscussesthepresenceofiridiuminthesedimentlayerdiscoveredbytheAlvarezesbecause¡itsupportedtheirclaimthattoxiclevelsofiridiumcouldhavekilledthedinosaurs¡itledsomescientiststoquestionthevalidityoftheAlvarezes’study¡itledtheAlvarezestoconcludethataspaceimpactorkilledthedinosaurs¡itshowedthatnewdiscoverieswerestillbeingmadeabouttheextinctionofthedinosaursParagraph2ismarkedwithanarrow[→]5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutscientists’theoriesontheextinctionofthedinosaurscanbeinferredfromparagraph2?¡Somescientistsdonotbelievethatanasteroidorcometimpactkilledthedinosaurs.¡SomescientiststhinkthatiridiumwasabundantonEarthbeforetheextinctionofthedinosaurs.¡Somescientistsdoubtthatallofthedinosaursdiedout65millionyearsago.¡Somescientistsbelievethatthedinosaursbecameextinctonlyaftertheplantsandanimalstheyatedisappeared.Paragraph2ismarkedwithanarrow[→]6.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.¡AlargepercentageofEarth’slivingthingswerekilledalongwiththedinosaurs.¡Seventy-fivepercentofallspecies,including75percentofdinosaurspecies,werevictimsofasinglemassextinction.¡Intheextinctionthateliminatedthedinosaurs,upto99percentofalllivingthingsand75percentofallspecieswerewipedout.¡Dinosaurswerethemostfamousvictimsofamassextinction,buttherehavealsobeenmassextinctionsthatwipedoutmostofEarth’sotherspecies.Paragraph3Howcouldanimpactleadtomassextinction?Theamountofiridiumdepositedworldwidesuggeststhattheimpactormusthavebeenabout10kilometersacross.Afteradecade-longsearch,scientistsidentifiedwhatappearstobetheimpactcraterfromtheevent.LocatedoffthecoastofMexico’sYucatanpeninsula,itis200kilometersacross,whichisclosetowhatonewouldexpectfora10-kilometerimpactor,anddatesto65millionyearsago.FurtherevidencethattheYucatancrateristherightonecomesfromthedistributionofsmallglassyspheresthatformedwhenthemoltenimpactejectasolidifiedasitrainedbacktoEarth.Moreoftheseglassyspheresarefoundinregionsnearthecrater,andcarefulstudyoftheirdistributionsuggeststhattheimpactorcrashedtoEarthataslightangle.Thesepiecesofoncemoltenrockareevidenceofanexplosionpowerfulenoughtoinstantlymeltbedrockandpropelitfarfromitsorigin.TheimpactalmostimmediatelysentashowerofdebrisrainingacrossmuchofNorthandSouthAmericaandgeneratedhugewavesthatmayhavesloshedmorethan1,000kilometersinland.ManyNorthAmericanspeciesthusmayhavebeenwipedoutshortlyafterimpact.Fortherestoftheworld,deathmayhavecomemoreslowly.Heatfromtheimpactandreturningejectaprobablyignitedwildfiresinforestsaroundtheworld.Evidenceofwildfiresisfoundinthelargeamountofsoot(ablackpowderyformofcarbonproducedwhencoal,wood,oroilisburned)thatisalsopresentintheindium-richsedimentfrom65millionyearsago.Theimpactalsosenthugequantitiesofdusthighintothestratosphere,whereitremainedforseveralyears,blockingoutsunlight,coolingthesurface,andaffectingatmosphericchemistry.Plantsdiedforlackofsunlight,andeffectspropagatedthroughoutthefoodchain.7.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatinformationdidscientistsusetopredictthesizeoftheimpactorthattheybelievedstruckEarth65millionyearsago?¡Thesizeofthedebrisfoundingeologicalsamplesfromthattime¡Thedistanceinlandthattracesoftidalwaveswerefound¡Theamountofiridiumfoundinsedimentfromthattime¡ThenumberofspeciesthatbecameextinctatthattimeParagraph3ismarkedwithanarrow[→]8.Accordingtoparagraph3,theshowerofdebriscreatedbytheimpactsuggeststhattheimpactor¡was200kilometersacross¡landedabout1,000kilometersinland¡hadamoltencorethatsolidifiedimmediatelyastheimpactorhitEarth¡wasprobablyresponsiblefortheimmediateextinctionofmanyNorthAmericanspeciesParagraph3ismarkedwithanarrow[→]9.Inparagraph3,whydoestheauthorincludetheinformationthatalargeamountofsootisfoundinsedimentfrom65millionyearsago?¡Toidentifythelargestcomponentofthedustsentintotheatmospherebytheimpactor’scrash¡Tosupporttheideathattheimpactor’scrashprobablycausedwidespreadwildfires¡Toemphasizethelargevarietyofsubstancesfoundinthesediment¡TocastdoubtontheclaimthattheimpactaffectedonlytheareanearthecrashsiteParagraph3ismarkedwithanarrow[→]10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinparagraph3asaneffectofthedustraisedbytheimpact65millionyearsago?¡ItcooledthesurfaceofEarth.¡Itreleasedtoxicchemicalsintothestratosphere.¡Itcausedchangesinthechemicalcompositionoftheatmosphere.¡ItpreventedsunlightfromreachingthesurfaceofEarth.Paragraph3ismarkedwithanarrow[→]11.Theword”propagated”inthepassageisclosetinmeaningto¡wereseen¡occurred¡causedharm¡spreadParagraph4Perhapsthemostastonishingfactisnotthat75percentofallspeciesdied,butthat25percentsurvived.Amongthesurvivorswereafewsmall,rodent-likemammals.Thesemammalsmayhavesurvivedbecausetheylivedinundergroundburrowsandmanagedtostoreenoughfoodtooutlastthelongspellofcold,darkdays.Smallmammalshadfirstarisenataboutthesametimeasthedinosaurs,morethan100millionyearsearlier.Butthesuddendisappearanceofthedominantdinosaursmadethesemammalsdominant.12.Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingaretrueoftheanimalsthatsurvivedtheimpactEXCEPT:¡Theyprobablyhadalotoffoodstoredup.¡Manylivedunderground.¡Mostwererelativelynewspecies.¡Theytendedtobesmall.Paragraph4ismarkedwithanarrow[→]Paragraph3Howcouldanimpactleadtomassextinction?Theamountofiridiumdepositedworldwidesuggeststhattheimpactormusthavebeenabout10kilometersacross.Afteradecade-longsearch,scientistsidentifiedwhatappearstobetheimpactcraterfromtheevent.LocatedoffthecoastofMexico’sYucatanpeninsula,itis200kilometersacross,whichisclosetowhatonewouldexpectfora10-kilometerimpactor,anddatesto65millionyearsago.FurtherevidencethattheYucatancrateristherightonecomesfromthedistributionofsmallglassyspheresthatformedwhenthemoltenimpactejectasolidifiedasitrainedbacktoEarth.Moreoftheseglassyspheresarefoundinregionsnearthecrater,andcarefulstudyoftheirdistributionsuggeststhattheimpactorcrashedtoEarthataslightangle.Thesepiecesofoncemoltenrockareevidenceofanexplosionpowerfulenoughtoinstantlymeltbedrockandpropelitfarfromitsorigin.TheimpactalmostimmediatelysentashowerofdebrisrainingacrossmuchofNorthandSouthAmericaandgeneratedhugewavesthatmayhavesloshedmorethan1,000kilometersinland.ManyNorthAmericanspeciesthusmayhavebeenwipedoutshortlyafterimpact.Fortherestoftheworld,deathmayhavecomemoreslowly.Heatfromtheimpactandreturningejectaprobablyignitedwildfiresinforestsaroundtheworld.Evidenceofwildfiresisfoundinthelargeamountofsoot(ablackpowderyformofcarbonproducedwhencoal,wood,oroilisburned)thatisalsopresentintheindium-richsedimentfrom65millionyearsago.Theimpactalsosenthugequantitiesofdusthighintothestratosphere,whereitremainedforseveralyears,blockingoutsunlight,coolingthesurface,andaffectingatmosphericchemistry.Plantsdiedforlackofsunlight,andeffectspropagatedthroughoutthefoodchain.13.Lookatthefoursquaresthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Asaresult,moltenmaterialwaspushedouttowardthenorthwithsmallglassspheresfoundmorethan2,500kilometerstothenorthwest.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?Clickonasquaretoaddthesentencetothepassage.14.Directions:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Someanswerchoicesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.Dragyourchoicestothespaceswheretheybelong.Toreviewthepassage,clickonViewText.AsteroidsandotherlargebodiesfromspacehaveoccasionallystruckEarth,causingmassdestructionandextinction.AnswerChoices¡ThelargeimpactorthatcrashedinwhatisnowtheArizonadesertexplodedwiththeforceofa20-megatonhydrogenbomb.¡Althoughthecrashofalargeimpactorwouldhavekilledalllivingthingsnearthesiteofimpact,mostanimalslivingfartherawayadaptedtochangesintheenvironment.¡ScientistsbelievethereasontheimpactorthatstruckEarth65millionyearsagowassodeadlywasbecauseitcontainedmanytoxiccompounds,suchasiridium.¡AworldwidesedimentlayerofiridiumsuggeststhatanasteroidorcometimpactedEarth65millionyearsago,possiblycausingtheextinctionofthedinosaurs.¡ThelargeimpactthatcausedtheYucatancraterprobablyproducedbothimmediatenaturaldisastersandalong-lastinglayerofdustintheatmosphere.¡Despitethedestructiveeffectsofthelargeimpact65millionyearsago,around25percentofEarth’sspeciessurvivedandmammalscametobedominant.PassageThree学科分类：地质类题目：DetermineEarth’sAge内容回忆：第一段：如何测定地球的年龄，一直以来都是困扰人类的一个难题，直到19世纪才有科学家提出相关的理论。第一个理论认为地球一开始是熔融状态，可以用火山温度降至常温所需要的时间，推算出地球从一开始的熔融状态到现在的固体状态，这中间需要多少时间。第二段：后来另一个科学家提出，假定海洋里一开始都是淡水，那么根据每年流入大海的盐分，和海水现在的总盐度，可以推算出地球年龄。但这两种都缺乏事实依据，都只是人们的猜想。第三段：再后来，人们通过测定岩石中放射性元素的半衰期来判定岩石的年龄，并且开始在地球上寻找最古老的岩石。但是地球的形成在岩石凝固成固体之前，所以通过岩石年龄来判定地球年龄也是不准确的。第四段：最后科学家通过地球形成之时产生的一个陨石坑中的元素，测定了地球的年龄。所有词汇题：1、profound=far-reaching2、key=critical3、vital=essential4、stress=emphasis5、intact=keeporiginalcondition6、explicit=clear7、conclusive=definitive8、hazard=danger9、refine=improve10、subsequent=later11、tragedy=disaster以上就是三立在线教育托福网为大家整理的2018年1月6日托福阅读考试真题回忆，希望可以帮助到大家。三立在线教育托福网还会继续推出托福真题解析，希望大家持续关注。三立在线托福精品课程包括：1.托福真题模考冲刺课程：以独家42套真题（在线真题）为辅助，把2015、2016年全部真题一网打尽，精讲每一道题、每篇文章。教师上课方式：方法论（1/4课程时间）+专题训练（1/4课程时间）+套题训练（1/4课程时间）+查缺补漏（1/4课程时间）赠送：托福在线VIP账户。2.托福8000词汇班-录播课程特点：全网唯一的分梯度词汇课程，结合考试获得最高的效果。