有关网络成瘾症相关知识

有关网络成瘾症相关知识 有关网络成瘾症相关知识 “网络成瘾”的概念，最初由美国心理学家格登博格(Goldberg)提出。 “网络成瘾”(internet addiction，简称IA)、“网络成瘾症”(internet addiction disorder ，简称IAD)或“病态网络使用”(pathological internet use ，简称PIU)，指在无成瘾物质作用下的上网行为冲动失控,表现为由于过度使用互联网而导致个体明显的社会、心理功能损害。 二、网络成瘾的表现 依赖网络:强烈地想要上网，自己无法控制;脑子里总是不断浮现上网的想法以及网络上的场景，渴望着再次上网;多次想控制自己不去上网，但都失败了。 “耐受”表现:需要不断增加自己上网的时间，才能感到与之前一样的愉快感、满足感;实际上网的时间和频率常比的更多、更长。 “戒断”表现:上网时神采奕奕，下网后无精打采，感到生活毫无乐趣。 生活受到影响:为了上网不惜放弃其它的事情，如交友、学习;为了有更多的时间上网而改变自己的生活方式，通宵达旦地留在网上，甚至不吃饭、不洗漱;遇到问题只会回到网络，麻痹自己，发泄情绪。 三、网络成瘾的危害 helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 1( 学业损害:上网时间过长，侵占了学习的时间，导致对学习的兴趣减弱，常不交作业、缺课、成绩下降、甚至辍学;长此以往会使智慧受到影响。 2( 人际交往损害:喜欢呆在网上，不愿意与父母、同学交往，逐渐变得对待他人十分冷漠，长此以往人际关系受到明显损害。 3( 生理危害:上网时间过长，出现头晕、头痛、颈背痛、睡眠障碍、食欲下降、消化不良，体重减轻，易疲劳等生理不适。严重的可导致免疫功能降低，引发心血管疾病及眼睛方面的问题。 4( 心理危害:出现情绪问题:精神不振、悲观消极、丧失自信、缺乏兴趣和动机，甚至产生自杀意念和行为;出现行为问题:敏感冲动，与父母冲突，出现家庭暴力、离家出走、行为越轨，甚至犯罪;向父母、老师或朋友说谎，隐瞒自己的网络迷恋程度，以及上网所花费的时间和金钱。 四、 网络成瘾临床诊断 北京军区总医院制订的《网络成瘾临床诊断标准》如下: (一)症状标准 长期反复使用网络，使用网络的目的不是为了学习和工作或不利于自己的学习和工作，符合如下症状: 1.对网络的使用有强烈的渴望或冲动感。 helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 2.减少或停止上网时会出现周身不适、烦躁、易激惹、注意力不集中、睡眠障碍等戒断反应;上述戒断反应可通过使用其它类似的电子媒介(如电视、掌上游戏机等)来缓解。 3.下述5条内至少符合1条 (1)为达到满足感而不断增加使用网络的时间和投入的程度; (2)使用网络的开始、结束及持续时间难以控制，经多次努力后均未成功; (3)固执的使用网络而不顾其明显的危害性后果，即使知道网络使用的危害仍难以停止; (4)因使用网络而减少或放弃了其它兴趣、娱乐或社交活动; (5)将使用网络作为一种逃避问题或缓解不良情绪的途径。 (二) 严重程度标准 日常生活和社会功能受损(如社交、学习或工作能力方面) (三) 病程标准 平均每日连续使用网络时间达到或超过6小时，且符合症状标准已达到或超过3个月。 (四) 网络正常使用、过度使用和网络成瘾的区别 1( 网络正常使用好奇、愉快，缓解紧张、疲劳适当平衡未受影响。 2( 网络过度使用，沉迷上网时间过长失衡(上网占据大部分业余时间)。 helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 3( 网络成瘾避免戒断反应出现: 强烈的上网渴求，反复、长时间上网。 五、网络成瘾的心理辅导 青少年是网络使用的主力军，同样也是网络成瘾的重要组成部分。据报导:网络成瘾在国外青少年中的发生率为1.6,,8.1,，在我国则为2.4,,10,。青少年网络成瘾已经成为青少年及其家庭、社会的一个问题，严重影响着青少年的心身健康。 (一)网络成瘾的原因 1( 外因: 网络具有“匿名性”、“便利性”和“非现实性”的特点，这使网络具有巨大的吸引力。 2( 内因: 网络成瘾者常具有某些特殊的“易感性”。网络成瘾者往往自我控制力差;没有时间感;只顾当前而不考虑长远;那些多动症的孩子更容易出现网络成瘾。网络成瘾者具有过分依赖而羞怯;压抑而孤僻的人格特征。另外，现实遭遇了困难，而又缺乏处理应对的能力，往往容易使个体感到心理需求得不到满足，转而上网成瘾。 (二) 网络成瘾的预防 青少年只要养成良好的上网习惯，培养出健康的心理质量，网络成瘾是可以预防的。 helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 1( 控制上网时间。控制好每周上网的时间要比控制好每天的时间更有效。给自己一个限定“我每周上网的时间不能超过×小时”，自行调节避免过于死板。 2( 控制上网地点。未成年人不去网吧上网。同伴之间往往存在相互“学习”的作用，如果遇到一些成天泡在网上的“榜样”，就会加速网络成瘾的形成。 3( 控制网络的使用内容。学习网络的使用技巧，学习网上获取数据的技能，保护自己的计算机不会受到病毒或“不良网站”的进攻。 4( 加强监督。把计算机放在客厅、书房等有利于家长或者他人监督的地方，也可以在计算机旁放一个小闹钟，事先就定好下网的时间，这些都能预防网络成瘾的发生。 5(自我调节。学会调整自己的情绪，缓学习处理问题而不是逃避问题;认识并且接受现实生活中的自己，而不是否定自己，对预防网络成瘾的发生都非常重要。多培养一些其它的课余活动和兴趣爱好对预防网络成瘾的发生也具有重要的意义。 (三) 治疗网络成瘾的常用方法 目前对网络成瘾的治疗仍然以心理治疗为主。治疗的作用在于:解除诱因，解除维持和加重个体网络成瘾的心理原因。简而言之，治疗师会启发网络成瘾青少年找到导致自己上网成瘾的心理原因，并尝试改变它，从而改变网络成瘾的行为。 1(认知行为治疗: helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to 认知行为治疗是目前最常用的方法。主要针对网络成瘾青少年常见的想法，“除了上网我一无是处”、“除了网络，这个世界没有人关心我”等等。治疗中，治疗师通过挑战网络成瘾者的内在想法，帮助他们重新建立对网络、对自我、对世界的态度和行为，改变他们网络成瘾的行为。 2(团体治疗: 治疗中将同样存在网络成瘾问题的青少年聚集在一起，进行关于网络使用、网络成瘾、心理健康知识的讨论，通过团体讨论的形式，增加网络成瘾青少年对网络成瘾的认识、找到各自网络成瘾的心理原因、在团体中练习社交技能、团体内成员相互监督彼此戒断网络成瘾的行为。 3(家庭治疗: 家庭成员之间的沟通不顺畅，相互之间的情感支持少，或者家长过度严厉的管教方式都对网络成瘾的形成具有促进的作用。因此，父母亲共同参与到治疗中来也十分重要。在家庭治疗中，治疗师会帮助家庭寻找网络成瘾形成的家庭原因，通过改变这些家庭因素来改变青少年的网络成瘾行为。 4(药物治疗:如抗抑郁剂、抗焦虑剂。 商丘市第二人民医院 商丘市心理卫生协会 宣 helping build the team, set up an accurate poverty alleviation mechanisms, implementing the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation. Four is the enterprise attaches great importance to people's livelihood. More limited financial resources on the people's livelihood, actively promote the development of social undertakings such as education, medical and health, completed the "ten's project" strengthening of low-income housing, public rental housing, renovate rural and earthquake resistant housing projects to improve people's housing conditions; further prosperity and development of cultural undertakings and cultural inheritance, protection, rescue and development. Five is fully engaged in the urban and rural environment. Working casually parked vehicles, trash, littering or abandoning, noise is disturbing, and so on. Completed the Township resident Street solar street lights, clear drains sludge, construction of latrines, waste incineration pool, advancing street lighting, landscaping, cleaning, hardening, improve rural human settlement environment. The six are working together to fight against natural disasters. To respond calmly and properly "8.05" wangji du Village and "8.20" ancient village torrent debris flow disasters. Before the disaster, and township Party Committee team members, party members and cadres reserve militia, armed police officers and men, the courage to dash the danger zone, dared to