英语专业 欧洲文化入门 CHAPTER 5 名词解释 英文版

英语专业 欧洲文化入门 CHAPTER 5 名词解释 英文版 Renaissance 文艺复兴:The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, which encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures. Constantinople君士坦丁堡:Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantium, which was founded on the site of the ancient city of Byzantium. Lombard 伦巴族人: The term Lombard refers to members of or things related, directly or indirectly, to Lombardy, a region in northern Italy. Justinian Code《查士丁尼法典》:Justinian Code was a coherent body of law that was codified by all Roman laws and it was the preservation and systematization of a large number of existing Roman laws. Iconoclasm 反圣像运动: The Iconoclasm controversy concerned the use of icons as aids to worship. In 726, Emperor Leo ? launched it to destroy and forbid icons. Sassanid 桑萨王朝: Sassanid was one of the two major powers divided by west Asua. Zoroastrianism 波斯拜火教: Zoroastrianism is an ancient Iranianreligion and a religious philosophy. It arose in the eastern region of the ancient Persian Empire, and it was the state religion of the Sassanid. Kaaba: Kaaba is a sacred black meteorite. Arabs called it “the black stone that fell from the heaven in the days of Adam” and considered it the holiest shrine in the Arabia. Allah: Allah is the supreme deity of Arabs, and he is the creator and the giver of rain, the Arabic word for the only God in Islam. Medina 麦地那:“the city of prophet” Hegira: the migration of Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622 CE Qur’an《古兰经》:the holy book of Islam. The word Qur’an means recitation, which Muslims believe to be the revelation from Allah. Ramadan 斋月: Muslims worldwide observe this as a month of fasting. This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam. Islamic Golden Age: an age of discovery and exploration for Arab traders and explorers from the mid-8th to the mid-13th Fatalistic belief(宿命化信仰): believe that nothing would happen unless the God actively willed it Knowledge of Truth: it is not just knowledge, rather, it is "epi - gnosis"(from the Internet and can not find a exact definition) Arab numeral system(阿拉伯数字体系): a system that log with Latin number Arabian Nights(一千零一夜): also called The Book of One Thousands and One Nights, mostly a compilation of earlier folk tales. Feudalism(封建): the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war Charlemagne(查理曼大帝): (also called Charles the Great) the greatest Frankish king who established the vast Carolingian Empire Carolus Magnus: the Latin version of Charlemagne’s name Vassal(封臣): a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord County(郡): distinct similar to the Roman Province Count(伯爵): the administrator, judge and military leader of the county Clergy(什一税): 10% income tax Dark Ages: the two centuries after Carolingian Empire collapsed which Western Europe being attached by non-Christian invaders Tribute(贡金): money that forced to pay to the invaders after being occupied Normandy(诺曼底): (also called “land of Norse”) the part of the northern Frankish coastal region which under Norseman’s control in 911 Vassalage(采邑制，封臣制): the relationship between a vassal and his lord Crusader(十字军): a warrior who engages in a holy war Treaty of Verdun(凡尔登条约): a treaty that divided the Carolingian Empire into three parts in 843, signed by Louis the Pious Treaty of Meerssen(莫尔森条约): a treaty signed in 870 that ended the civil war between the East Franks and the West Franks