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ÏÖÏóÓë?âÊÍ?º?ÉÒÔ??µ???ÓкìÉ?µÄÑõ??ÑÇÍ,Éú?É??Õâ˵Ã?ÏËÎ?ËØË??âÉú?ÉÁË?ßÓÐ??Ô,ÐÔµÄÎïÖÊ?? ?þ????Ê? ?×ÍéÈ?ÉÕ CH4+2O2?úCO2+2H2O(Ìõ?þΪµãÈ?) ?×Íé?ô?ø?ÕÆø?ßÎÂ?Ö?â ?×Íé?Ö?âºÜ??ÔÓ??ÒÔÏÂÊÇ×îÖÕ?Ö?â??CH4?úC+2H2??Ìõ?þΪ?ßÎÂ?ßÑ????ß???Á?? ?×ÍéºÍÂÈÆø??ÉúÈ??ú??Ó? CH4+Cl2?úCH3Cl+HCl CH3Cl+Cl2?úCH2Cl2+HCl CH2Cl2+Cl2?úCHCl3+HCl CHCl3+Cl2?úCCl4+HCl ??Ìõ?þ??Ϊ?âÕÕ?? ?? ʵÑéÊÒÖÆ?×Íé CH3COONa+NaOH?úNa2CO3+CH4??Ìõ?þÊÇCaO ?ÓÈÈ?? ÒÒÏ?È?ÉÕ CH2=CH2+3O2?ú2CO2+2H2O(Ìõ?þΪµãÈ??? ÒÒÏ?ºÍäåË? CH2=CH2+Br2?úCH2Br-CH2Br ÒÒÏ?ºÍË? CH2=CH2+H20?úCH3CH2OH ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ÒÒÏ?ºÍÂÈ??Çâ CH2=CH2+HCl?úCH3-CH2Cl ÒÒÏ?ºÍÇâÆø CH2=CH2+H2?úCH3-CH3 ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ÒÒÏ??ÛºÏ nCH2=CH2?ú-[-CH2-CH2-]n- ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ÂÈÒÒÏ??ÛºÏ nCH2=CHCl?ú-[-CH2-CHCl-]n- ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ʵÑéÊÒÖÆÒÒÏ? CH3CH2OH?úCH2=CH2?ü+H2O ??Ìõ?þΪ?ÓÈÈ??Å?H2SO4?? ÒÒÈ?È?ÉÕ C2H2+3O2?ú2CO2+H2O ??Ìõ?þΪµãÈ??? ÒÒÈ?ºÍäåË? C2H2+2Br2?úC2H2Br4 ÒÒÈ?ºÍÂÈ??Çâ Á?????Ó??ºC2H2+HCl?úC2H3Cl--------C2H3Cl+HCl?úC2H4Cl2 ÒÒÈ?ºÍÇâÆø Á?????Ó??ºC2H2+H2?úC2H4?úC2H2+2H2?úC2H6 ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ʵÑéÊÒÖÆÒÒÈ? CaC2+2H2O?úCa(OH)2+C2H2?ü ÒÔÊ?ÑÎ??Ë???Ê??ÒÊ?????Ì?ΪÔ,ÁϺÏ?É?ÛÒÒÏ?µÄ???ÌÊ??? CaCO3 === CaO + CO2 2CaO+5C===2CaC2+CO2 CaC2+2H2O?úC2H2+Ca??OH??2 C+H2O===CO+H2-----?ßΠC2H2+H2?úC2H4 ----ÒÒÈ??Ó?ÉÉú?ÉÒÒÏ? C2H4?É?ÛºÏ ??È?ÉÕ 2C6H6+15O2?ú12CO2+6H2O ??Ìõ?þΪµãÈ??? ??ºÍÒºäåµÄÈ??ú C6H6+Br2?úC6H5Br+HBr ??ºÍÅ?ÁòËáÅ?ÏõËá C6H6+HNO3?úC6H5NO2+H2O ??Ìõ?þΪÅ?ÁòËá?? ??ºÍÇâÆø C6H6+3H2?úC6H12 ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ÒÒ??ÍêÈ?È?ÉÕµÄ???ÌÊ? C2H5OH+3O2?ú2CO2+3H2O ??Ìõ?þΪµãÈ??? ÒÒ??µÄ?ß??Ñõ??µÄ???ÌÊ? 2CH3CH2OH+O2?ú2CH3CHO+2H2O??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á????ÕâÊÇ×Ü???ÌÊ??? ÒÒ????ÉúÏûÈ???Ó?µÄ???ÌÊ? CH3CH2OH?úCH2=CH2+H2O ??Ìõ?þΪÅ?ÁòËá 170ÉãÊÏ?È?? Á??Ö×ÓÒÒ????Éú?Ö×Ó?äÍÑË? 2CH3CH2OH?úCH3CH2OCH2CH3+H2O (Ìõ?þΪ?ß???ÁÅ?ÁòËá 140ÉãÊÏ?È) ÒÒ??ºÍÒÒËá??Éúõ?????Ó?µÄ???ÌÊ? CH3COOH+C2H5OH?úCH3COOC2H5+H2O ÒÒËáºÍÃ? Mg+2CH3COOH?ú(CH3COO)2Mg+H2 ÒÒËáºÍÑõ???Æ 2CH3COOH+CaO?ú(CH3CH2??2Ca+H2O ÒÒËáºÍÇâÑõ??ÄÆ CH3COOCH2CH3+NaOH?úCH3COONa+CH3CH2OH ÒÒËáºÍÌ?ËáÄÆ Na2CO3+2CH3COOH?ú2CH3COONa+H2O+CO2?ü ?×È?ºÍÐÂÖƵÄÇâÑõ??Í, HCHO+4Cu(OH)2?ú2Cu2O+CO2?ü+5H2O ÒÒÈ?ºÍÐÂÖƵÄÇâÑõ??Í, CH3CHO+2Cu?úCu2O(?Áµí)+CH3COOH+2H2O ÒÒÈ?Ñõ??ΪÒÒËá 2CH3CHO+O2?ú2CH3COOH(Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?ò?ÓÎÂ?? Ï?ÌþÊÇÖ?º?ÓÐC=C?üµÄÌ?Çâ??ºÏÎï??ÊôÓÚ????ºÍÌþ??Ï?Ìþ?Ö×ÓÍ?Ê?ΪCnH2n???Ç??ÐÔ?Ö×Ó????ÈÜ?òÎ?ÈÜÓÚË???ÈÝÒ×??Éú?Ó?É???ÛºÏ??Ñõ????Ó?µÈ?? ÒÒÏ?µÄÎïÀíÐÔÖÊ Í???Çé?öÏÂ??ÎÞÉ?ÉÔÓÐÆøÎ?µÄÆøÌå??ÃÜ?ÈÂÔÐ??È?ÕÆø??ÄÑÈÜÓÚË???Ò×ÈÜÓÚËÄÂÈ??Ì?µÈÓÐ?úÈÜ?Á?? 1) Ñõ????Ó??º ?Ù??ÎÂÏÂ??Ò×??Ñõ???ÁÑõ????Èç??ÒÒÏ?Í?ÈëËáÐÔKMnO4ÈÜÒº? ?ÈÜÒºµÄ×ÏÉ?ÍÊÈ???ÓÉ?Ë?ÉÓÃ?ø?ðÒÒÏ??? ?ÚÒ×È?ÉÕ?????Å?öÈÈÁ???È?É ÕÊ??ðÑæÃ?ÁÁ?????úÉúºÚÑÌ?? 2) ?Ó?É??Ó??ºÓÐ?úÎï?Ö×ÓÖÐË??ü(?òÈý?ü)Á??˵ÄÌ?Ô,×ÓÓëÆäËûÔ,×Ó?òÔ,×Ó ÍÅÖ??Ó?áºÏÉú?ÉеÄ??ºÏÎïµÄ??Ó??? 3) ?ÛºÏ??Ó??º 2.ÒÒÏ?µÄʵÑéÊÒÖÆ?? (1)??Ó?Ô,Àí?ºCH3CH2OH===CH2=CH2?ü+H2O ??Ìõ?þΪ?ÓÈÈ??Å?H2SO4?? (2)??Éú×?ÖÃ?ºÑ?ÓÃ??ÒºÒº?ÓÈÈÖÆÆøÌå??µÄ??Ó?×?ÖÃ?? (3)ÊÕ???????ºÅÅË? ??Æø???? (4)×?ÒâÊÂÏî?º ?Ù??Ó?ÒºÖÐÒÒ??ÓëÅ?ÁòËáµÄÌå?ý?ÈΪ1?Ã3?? ?ÚÔÚÔ? µ×ÉÕÆ?ÖÐ?ÓÉÙÁ?Ëé?ÉÆ???Ä?µÄÊÇ?ÀÖ???Ó??ìºÏÎïÔÚÊÜÈÈÊ????Ð?? ?ÛÎÂ? È?ÆË?ÒøÇòÓ??åÔÚÒºÃæÏÂ??ÒÔ×?È??â????Ó?ÒºÎÂ?È???ÓÈÈÊ?ÒªÊ?ÎÂ?ÈÑ?ËÙ Ìá?ßµ?170?æ??ÒÔ?õÉÙÒÒÃÑÉú?ɵÄ?ú?á?? ?ÜÔÚÖÆÈ?ÒÒÏ?µÄ??Ó?ÖÐ??Å?Á òËá??µ?ÊÇ?ß???Á??ÎüË??Á??Ò?ÊÇÑõ???Á??ÔÚ??Ó??ý?ÌÖÐÒ×??ÒÒ??Ñõ??? ?×îºóÉú?ÉCO2??CO??CµÈ(Òò?ËÊÔ?ÜÖÐÒºÌå?äºÚ)???øÁòËá??Éí????Ô,?ÉSO2?? SO2ÄÜÊ?äåË??òKMnO4ÈÜÒºÍÊÉ???Òò?Ë??ÔÚ×öÒÒÏ?µÄÐÔÖÊʵÑéÇ????ÉÒ Ô??ÆøÌåÍ??ýNaOHÈÜÒºÒÔÏ?µÓ?ýÈ?SO2??µÃµ??Ï????µÄÒÒÏ??? ÒÒÈ?ÓÖ?Æ µçÊ?Æø???á???òÊ?HC?ÔCH??ÊÇ×î?òµ?µÄÈ?Ìþ????Ñ?Ê?C2H2 ?Ö×Ó?á???º?Ö× ÓΪÖ?ÏßÐεÄ?Ç??ÐÔ?Ö×Ó?? ÎÞÉ???ÎÞÎ???Ò×È?µÄÆøÌå??Î?ÈÜÓÚË???Ò×ÈÜÓ ÚÒÒ?????ûͪµÈÓÐ?úÈÜ?Á?? ??Ñ?ÐÔÖʺÜ?îÆÃ??ÄÜÆð?Ó?É??Ñõ?????ÛºÏ ???ðÊôÈ??úµÈ??Ó??? ÄÜÊ??ßÃÌËá?ØÈÜÒºµÄ×ÏÉ?ÍÊÈ??? ÒÒÈ?µÄʵÑéÊÒÖÆ?? ?ºCaC2+2H2O?úCa(OH)2+C2H2?ü ??Ñ?ÐÔÖÊ?º ??1??Ñõ????Ó??º a???ÉÈ?ÐÔ?º2C2H2+5O2 ?ú 4CO2+2H2O ÏÖÏó?º?ðÑæÃ?ÁÁ???øÅ?ÑÌ ?? b????KMnO4Ñõ???ºÄÜÊ?×ÏÉ?ËáÐÔ?ßÃÌËá?ØÈÜÒºÍÊÉ??? ??2???Ó?É??Ó??º ?ÉÒÔ?úBr2??H2??HXµÈ?àÖÖÎïÖÊ??Éú?Ó?É??Ó??? ÏÖÏó?ºäåË?ÍÊÉ??òBr2µÄCCl4 ÈÜÒºÍÊÉ? ÓëH2µÄ?Ó?É CH?ÔCH+H2 ?ú CH2??CH2 ÓëH2µÄ?Ó?É Á?????Ó??ºC2H2+H2?úC2H4 C2H2+2H2?úC2H6 ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ÂÈÒÒÏ?ÓÃÓÚÖÆ?ÛÂÈÒÒÏ? C2H2+HCl?úC2H3Cl nCH2=CHCl?ú=-[-CH2- CHCl-]n- ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ??3??ÓÉÓÚÒÒÈ?ÓëÒÒÏ???ÊÇ????ºÍÌþ??ËùÒÔ??Ñ?ÐÔÖÊ?ù??ÏàËÆ???ðÊôÈ? ?ú??Ó??º??ÒÒÈ?Í?ÈëÈÜÓÐ?ðÊôÄƵÄÒº??ÀïÓÐÇâÆø?Å?ö??ÒÒÈ?ÓëÒø??ÈÜÒº? ?Ó????úÉú?×É?ÒÒÈ?Òø?Áµí. 1?? Â???Ìþ?º?ÙÄÜÍÅ??Â?Ô,×Ó ÔÚ?îµÄÈÜÒºÖÐ??Éú??Ë??â??Ó?????Éú?É?? ÔÚ?îµÄ??ÈÜÒºÖÐ??Éú??ÏûÈ???Ó?????µÃµ?????ºÍÌþ 2?? ???º?ÙÄÜÍÅ????ôÇ?ù ÄÜÓëÄÆ??Ó????úÉúÇâÆø ÄÜ??ÉúÏûÈ?µÃµ?????ºÍÌþ??ÓëôÇ?ùÏàÁ?µÄÌ?Ö??ÓÏàÁ?µÄÌ?Ô,×ÓÉÏÈç?ûÃ?Ó ÐÇâÔ,×Ó????ÄÜ??ÉúÏûÈ??? ÄÜÓëôÈËá??Éúõ?????Ó? ÄÜ???ß??Ñõ???ÉÈ???????Ñõ???ÉÈ???ÖÙ??Ñõ???Éͪ??Êå????ÄÜ???ß??Ñõ?? ?? 3?? È??º?ÙÄÜÍÅ??È??ù ÄÜÓëÒø??ÈÜÒº??ÉúÒø?µ??Ó? ÄÜÓëÐÂÖƵÄÇâÑõ??Í,ÈÜÒº??Ó?Éú?ɺìÉ??Áµí ÄÜ??Ñõ???ÉôÈËá ÄÜ???ÓÇâ??Ô,?É?? 4?? ?Ó???ÙÄÜÍÅ???ÓôÇ?ù ?ßÓÐËáÐÔ ÄÜÄÆ??Ó?µÃµ?ÇâÆø ?ÓôÇ?ùÊ?????ÐÔÖÊ?ü?îÆÃ??????ÉÏÒ×??ÉúÈ??ú???ÓôÇ ?ùÔÚ????ÉÏÊÇÁÚ?ÔÎ???Î??ù ÄÜÓëôÈËá??Éúõ??? 5?? ôÈËá???ÙÄÜÍÅ??ôÈ?ù ?ßÓÐËáÐÔ??Ò??ãËáÐÔÇ?ÓÚÌ?Ëá?? ÄÜÓëÄÆ??Ó?µÃµ?ÇâÆø ??ÄÜ????Ô,?ÉÈ???×?ÒâÊÇ????ÄÜ???? ÄÜÓë????Éúõ?????Ó? 6?? õ????ÙÄÜÍÅ??õ??ù ÄÜ??ÉúË??âµÃµ?ËáºÍ?? ÎïÖʵÄÖÆÈ??º ʵÑéÊÒÖÆ?×Íé CH3COONa+NaOH?úNa2CO3+CH4 ??Ìõ?þÊÇCaO ?ÓÈÈ?? ʵÑéÊÒÖÆÒÒÏ? CH3CH2OH?úCH2=CH2?ü+H2O ??Ìõ?þΪ?ÓÈÈ??Å?H2SO4?? ʵÑéÊÒÖÆÒÒÈ? CaC2+2H2O?úCa(OH)2+C2H2?ü ??ÒµÖÆÈ?ÒÒ???º C2H4+H20?úCH3CH2OH ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ÒÒÈ?µÄÖÆÈ? ÒÒÈ?Ë??????ºC2H2+H2O?úC2H4O(Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á???ÓÈÈ?ÓÑ?) ÒÒÏ?Ñõ?????º2 CH2=CH2+O2?ú2CH3CHO(Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á???ÓÈÈ) ÒÒ??Ñõ?????º2CH3CH2OH+O2?ú2CH3CHO+2H2O??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á???ÓÈÈ?? ÒÒËáµÄÖÆÈ? ÒÒÈ?Ñõ??ΪÒÒËá ?º2CH3CHO+O2?ú2CH3COOH(Ìõ?þΪ?ß???ÁºÍ?ÓÎÂ?? ?Ó?Û??Ó??º ÒÒÏ??ÛºÏ nCH2=CH2?ú-[-CH2-CH2-]n- ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ÂÈÒÒÏ??ÛºÏ nCH2=CHCl?ú-[-CH2-CHCl-]n- ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? Ñõ????Ó??º ?×ÍéÈ?ÉÕ CH4+2O2?úCO2+2H2O(Ìõ?þΪµãÈ?) ÒÒÏ?È?ÉÕ CH2=CH2+3O2?ú2CO2+2H2O(Ìõ?þΪµãÈ??? ÒÒÈ?È?ÉÕ C2H2+3O2?ú2CO2+H2O ??Ìõ?þΪµãÈ??? ??È?ÉÕ 2C6H6+15O2?ú12CO2+6H2O ??Ìõ?þΪµãÈ??? ÒÒ??ÍêÈ?È?ÉÕµÄ???ÌÊ? C2H5OH+3O2?ú2CO2+3H2O ??Ìõ?þΪµãÈ??? ÒÒ??µÄ?ß??Ñõ??µÄ???ÌÊ? 2CH3CH2OH+O2?ú2CH3CHO+2H2O??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ÒÒÈ?µÄ?ß??Ñõ???º CH3CHO+O2?ú2CH3COOH (Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?ÓÈÈ) È??ú??Ó??ºÓÐ?úÎï?Ö×ÓÖеÄÄ?Ð?Ô,×Ó?òÔ,×ÓÍÅ??ÆäËûÔ,×Ó?òÔ,×ÓÍÅËù?úÌæµÄ??Ó??Ð×öÈ??ú??Ó??? ?×ÍéºÍÂÈÆø??ÉúÈ??ú??Ó? CH4+Cl2?úCH3Cl+HCl CH3Cl+Cl2?úCH2Cl2+HCl CH2Cl2+Cl2?úCHCl3+HCl CHCl3+Cl2?úCCl4+HCl ??Ìõ?þ??Ϊ?âÕÕ???? ??ºÍÅ?ÁòËáÅ?ÏõËá C6H6+HNO3?úC6H5NO2+H2O ??Ìõ?þΪÅ?ÁòËá?? ??Óë??µÄÍ?ϵÎïÓëÂ?Ëص?ÖÊ??Å?ÏõËáµÈµÄÈ??ú??Èç?º ?ÓÓëÅ?äåË?µÄÈ??ú??Èç?º ÍéÌþÓëÂ?Ëص?ÖÊÔÚ?âÕÕϵÄÈ??ú??Èç?º õ?????Ó???ËáºÍ??ÔÚÅ?ÁòËá×?ÓÃÏÂÉú?Éõ?ºÍË?µÄ??Ó???ÆäʵÖÊÊÇôÈ?ùÓëôÇ?ùÉú?Éõ??ùºÍË?µÄ??Ó???Èç?º Ë??â??Ó???Ë??Ö×ÓÖеÄ-OH?ò- HÈ??úÓÐ?ú??ºÏÎïÖеÄÔ,×Ó?òÔ,×ÓÍŵÄ??Ó??ÐË??â??Ó??? ?ÙÂ??úÌþË??âÉú?É????Èç?º ?Úõ?Ë??âÉú?ÉôÈËá??ôÈËáÑÎ??ºÍ????Èç?º ÒÒËáÒÒõ?µÄË??â?º CH3COOC2H5+H2O?úCH3COOH+C2H5OH(Ìõ?þΪÎÞ?úËáÊ??î) ?Ó?É??Ó??? ????ºÍµÄÌ?Ô,×Ó?úÆäËûÔ,×Ó?òÔ,×ÓÍÅ?áºÏÉú?É?ðµÄÓÐ?úÎïµÄ??Ó??? ÒÒÏ?ºÍäåË? CH2=CH2+Br2?úCH2Br-CH2Br ÒÒÏ?ºÍË? CH2=CH2+H20?úCH3CH2OH ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ÒÒÏ?ºÍÂÈ??Çâ CH2=H2+HCl?úCH3-CH2Cl ÒÒÏ?ºÍÇâÆø CH2=CH2+H2?úCH3-CH3 ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ÒÒÈ?ºÍäåË? C2H2+2Br2?úC2H2Br4 ÒÒÈ?ºÍÂÈ??Çâ Á?????Ó??ºC2H2+HCl?úC2H3Cl--------C2H3Cl+HCl?úC2H4Cl2 ÒÒÈ?ºÍÇâÆø Á?????Ó??ºC2H2+H2?úC2H4---------C2H2+2H2?úC2H6 ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ??ºÍÇâÆø C6H6+3H2?úC6H12 ??Ìõ?þΪ?ß???Á?? ÏûÈ???Ó???ÓÐ?ú?Ö×ÓÖÐÍÑÈ?Ò??öÐ??Ö×Ó??Ë???Â???ÇâµÈ?????øÉú?É????ºÍ??º?Ì?Ì?Ë??ü?òÌ?Ì?Èý?ü????ºÏÎïµÄ??Ó??? ÒÒ????ÉúÏûÈ???Ó?µÄ???ÌÊ? CH3CH2OH?úCH2=CH2+H2O ??Ìõ?þΪÅ?ÁòËá 170ÉãÊÏ?È?? Á??Ö×ÓÒÒ????Éú?Ö×Ó?äÍÑË? 2CH3CH2OH?úCH3CH2OCH2CH3+H2O (Ìõ?þΪ?ß???ÁÅ?ÁòËá 140?æ) ???ä?Ø?ð?º 1??Â???Ìþ?º?ÙÄÜÍÅ??Â?Ô,×Ó ÔÚ?îµÄÈÜÒºÖÐ??Éú??Ë??â??Ó?????Éú?É?? ÔÚ?îµÄ??ÈÜÒºÖÐ??Éú??ÏûÈ???Ó?????µÃµ?????ºÍÌþ 2?????º?ÙÄÜÍÅ????ôÇ?ù ÄÜÓëÄÆ??Ó????úÉúÇâÆø ÄÜ??ÉúÏûÈ?µÃµ?????ºÍÌþ??ÓëôÇ?ùÏàÁ?µÄÌ?Ö??ÓÏàÁ?µÄÌ?Ô,×ÓÉÏÈç?ûÃ?ÓÐÇâÔ,×Ó????ÄÜ??ÉúÏûÈ??? ÄÜÓëôÈËá??Éúõ?????Ó? ÄÜ???ß??Ñõ???ÉÈ???????Ñõ???ÉÈ???ÖÙ??Ñõ???Éͪ??Êå????ÄÜ???ß??Ñõ???? 3??È??º?ÙÄÜÍÅ??È??ù ÄÜÓëÒø??ÈÜÒº??ÉúÒø?µ??Ó? ÄÜÓëÐÂÖƵÄÇâÑõ??Í,ÈÜÒº??Ó?Éú?ɺìÉ??Áµí ÄÜ??Ñõ???ÉôÈËá ÄÜ???ÓÇâ??Ô,?É?? 4???Ó???ÙÄÜÍÅ???ÓôÇ?ù ?ßÓÐËáÐÔ ÄÜÄÆ??Ó?µÃµ?ÇâÆø ?ÓôÇ?ùÊ?????ÐÔÖÊ?ü?îÆÃ??????ÉÏÒ×??ÉúÈ??ú???ÓôÇ?ùÔÚ????ÉÏÊÇÁÚ?ÔÎ???Î??ù ÄÜÓëôÈËá??Éúõ??? 5??ôÈËá???ÙÄÜÍÅ??ôÈ?ù ?ßÓÐËáÐÔ??Ò??ãËáÐÔÇ?ÓÚÌ?Ëá?? ÄÜÓëÄÆ??Ó?µÃµ?ÇâÆø?? ??ÄÜ????Ô,?ÉÈ???×?ÒâÊÇ????ÄÜ?????? ÄÜÓë????Éúõ?????Ó? 6??õ????ÙÄÜÍÅ??õ??ù ??ÄÜ??ÉúË??âµÃµ?ËáºÍ?? ÎÞ?ú??Ñ????Ö ?Ç?ðÊôµ?ÖÊ??F2 ??Cl2 , O2 , S, N2 , P , C , Si?? 1?? Ñõ??ÐÔ?º F2 + H2 === 2HF 2F2 +2H2O===4HF+O2 Cl2 +2FeCl2 ===2FeCl3 2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2 Cl2 +2NaI ===2NaCl+I2 Cl2+SO2 +2H2O===H2SO4 +2HCl??2004?????ß???? 2?? ??Ô,ÐÔ S+6HNO3(Å?)===H2SO4+6NO2?ü+2H2O 3S+4 HNO3(Ï?)===3SO2+4NO?ü+2H2O PX3+X2===PX5 C+CO2===2CO (Éú?ÉË?úÆø) (ÖƵÃ?Ö?è) Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H2?ü 3?????îÖÐ??Æç?? Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO ???ÓËáÒÖÖÆÆç?????Ó?î?ò?âÕÕ?Ù?øÆç???? Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O 2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2===CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O ?ðÊôµ?ÖÊ??Na??Mg??Al??Fe??µÄ??Ô,ÐÔ 4Na+O2===2Na2O 2Na+S===Na2S????Õ??? 2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2?ü Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2?ü 2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2?ü 2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2?ü 2Al+6H2SO4(Å???ÈÈ)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2?ü+6H2O (Al,FeÔÚÀä,Å?µÄH2SO4,HNO3ÖÐ?Û??) Al+4HNO3(Ï?)===Al(NO3)3+NO?ü+2H2O 2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2?ü Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2?ü Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+Cu ?Ç?ðÊôÇâ??Îï(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3) 1????Ô,ÐÔ: 16HCl+2KMnO4==2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2?ü+8H2O??ʵÑéÊÒ??ÓÃ?? 2H2S+SO2===3S?ý+2H2O 2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl 8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4Cl 4NH3+3O2(??Ñõ)===2N2+6H2O 4NH3+6NO===5N2+6H2O(ÓÃ??Çå?ýNO) 2??ËáÐÔ: 4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O??HF???æÔÚËÜÁÏÆ?µÄÔ,Òò???Ë??Ó??ã?ºÓ?ÓÃÓÚ?â???óÑù?ò?ÖÑùÖÐSiO2µÄº?Á??? H2S+CuCl2===CuS?ý+2HCl H2S+FeCl2===??????Ó??? 3???îÐÔ?º NH3+HCl===NH4Cl NH3+HNO3===NH4NO3 2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4 NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===NaHCO3+NH4Cl ???Ë??Ó?ÓÃÓÚ??ÒµÖÆ??Ð?ËÕ?ò??ËÕ?ò?? 4????ÎÈ??ÐÔ?º 2H2O2===2H2O+O2?ü ?Ç?ðÊôÑõ??Îï 1??µÍ?ÛÌ?µÄ??Ô,ÐÔ?º 2SO2+O2+2H2O===2H2SO4 ??ÕâÊÇSO2ÔÚ?óÆøÖÐ?ºÂý??ÉúµÄ??????Ñ???Ó??? SO2+Cl2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl 2NO+O2===2NO2 2CO+O2===2CO2 2??Ñõ??ÐÔ?º NO2+2KI+H2O===NO+I2?ý+2KOH ????ÄÜÓõí?ÛKIÈÜÒº?ø?ðäåÕôÆøºÍNO2?? (CO2??ÄÜÓÃÓÚÆËÃðÓÉMg,Ca,Ba,Na,KµÈÈ?ÉÕµÄ?ðÔÖ) 3??ÓëË?µÄ×?ÓÃ: SO2+H2O===H2SO3 SO3+H2O===H2SO4 3NO2+H2O===2HNO3+NO N2O5+H2O===2HNO3 P2O5+H2O??Àä??===2HPO3 P2O5+3H2O??ÈÈ??===2H3PO4 (P2O5??Ò×ÎüË?,?É×?ÆøÌå?ÉÔï?Á) 4??Óë?îÐÔÎïÖʵÄ×?ÓÃ: SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O===2NH4HSO3 (ÕâÊÇÁòËá???ØÊÕSO2µÄ??Ó?.ÏÈÓÃ??Ë?ÎüÊÕSO2,ÔÙÓÃH2SO4??Àí: 2NH4HSO3+H2SO4=== (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O + 2SO2 Éú?ɵÄÁòËáï?×????Ê,SO2Ñ,??×?Ô,ÁÏÆø) SO2+Ca(OH)2===CaSO3+H2O (??ÄÜÓÃ?ÎÇåÊ??ÒË??ø?ðSO2ºÍCO2.?ÉÓÃÆ?ºì?ø?ð) SO3+Ca(OH)2===CaSO4+H2O CO2+2NaOH(?ýÁ?)===Na2CO3+H2O CO2(?ýÁ?)+NaOH===NaHCO3 CO2+Ca(OH)2(?ýÁ?)===CaCO3?ý+H2O 2CO2(?ýÁ?)+Ca(OH)2===Ca(HCO3)2 CO2+2NaAlO2+3H2O===2Al(OH)3?ý+Na2CO3 CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O===C6H5OH?ý+NaHCO3 SiO2+2NaOH===Na2SiO3+H2O (Ç??î?ºÂý??Ê???Á?) ?ðÊôÑõ??Îï 1??µÍ?ÛÌ?µÄ??Ô,ÐÔ: FeO+4HNO3===Fe(NO3)3+NO2?ü+2H2O 2??Ñõ??ÐÔ: MgO??Al2O3??ºõÃ?ÓÐÑõ??ÐÔ??ºÜÄÑ????Ô,ΪMg??Al.??Ò??ãÍ??ýµç?âÖÆMgºÍAl. (ÖÆ??Ô,Ìú?Û) 3??ÓëË?µÄ×?ÓÃ: Na2O+H2O===2NaOH 2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2?ü 4??ÓëËáÐÔÎïÖʵÄ×?ÓÃ: Na2O+CO2===Na2CO3 2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2 Na2O2+H2SO4(Àä,Ï?)===Na2SO4+H2O2 MgO+SO3===MgSO4 MgO+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2O Al2O3+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2O Al2O3+2NaOH===2NaAlO2+H2O (Al2O3ÊÇÁ?ÐÔÑõ??Îï) FeO+2HCl===FeCl2+3H2O Fe2O3+6HCl===2FeCl3+3H2O Fe3O4+8HCl===FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2O º?ÑõËá 1??Ñõ??ÐÔ: HClO+H2SO3===H2SO4+HCl HClO+H2O2===HCl+H2O+O2 (Ñõ??ÐÔ:HClO>HClO2>HClO3>HClO4, µ?Å?,ÈȵÄHClO4Ñõ??ÐÔºÜÇ?) H2SO4+Fe(Al) ÊÒÎÂÏÂ?Û?? H2SO4(Å?)+2HBr===SO2?ü+Br2?ü+2H2O H2SO4(Ï?)+Fe===FeSO4+H2 4HNO3(Å?)+C===CO2?ü+4NO2?ü+2H2O 6HNO3(Å?)+S===H2SO4+6NO2?ü+2H2O 5HNO3(Å?)+P===H3PO4+5NO2?ü+H2O 6HNO3??Å???ÈÈ??+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+3NO2?ü+3H2O 4HNO3(Ï?)+Fe????×ã??===Fe(NO3)3+NO?ü+2H2O 8HNO3(Ï?)+3Fe???ýÁ???===3Fe(NO3)2+2NO?ü+4H2O 2????Ô,ÐÔ: H2SO3+X2+H2O===H2SO4+2HX (X?íÊ?Cl2,Br2,I2) 2H2SO3+O2===2H2SO4 H2SO3+H2O2===H2SO4+H2O H2SO3+2FeCl3+H2O===H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl 3??ËáÐÔ: H2SO4(Å?) +CaF2===CaSO4+2HF?ü H2SO4(Å?)+NaCl===NaHSO4+HCl?ü H2SO4(Å?) +2NaCl===Na2SO4+2HCl?ü H2SO4(Å?)+NaNO3===NaHSO4+HNO3 2HNO3+CaCO3===Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2?ü(ÓÃHNO3ºÍÅ?H2SO4??ÄÜÖÆH2S??HI??HBr??SO2µÈ??Ô,ÐÔÆøÌå) 4H3PO4+Ca3??PO4??2===3Ca(H2PO4)2??ÖØ?Æ?? 3?? ??ÎÈ??ÐÔ?º 2HClO===2HCl+O2?ü ?î 1??µÍ?ÛÌ?µÄ??Ô,ÐÔ?º 4Fe??OH??2+O2+2H2O===4Fe(OH)3 2??ÓëËáÐÔÎïÖʵÄ×?ÓÃ?º 2NaOH+SO2??ÉÙÁ???===Na2SO3+H2O NaOH+SO2??×ãÁ???===NaHSO3 2NaOH+SiO2===Na2SiO3+H2O 2NaOH+Al2O3===2NaAlO2+H2O NaOH+HCl===NaCl+H2O NaOH+H2S??×ãÁ???===NaHS+H2O 2NaOH+H2S??ÉÙÁ???===Na2S+2H2O 3NaOH+AlCl3===Al??OH??3?ý+3NaCl NaOH+Al(OH)3===NaAlO2+2H2O NaOH+NH4Cl===NaCl+NH3?ü+H2O Mg(OH)2+2NH4Cl===MgCl2+2NH3?H2O Al(OH)3+NH4Cl ???òNH3?H2O??ÈÜ?â?? 3????ÎÈ??ÐÔ: ÑÎ 1??Ñõ??ÐÔ: 2FeCl3+Fe===3FeCl2 2FeCl3+Cu===2FeCl2+CuCl2 (ÓÃÓÚµñ?ÌÍ,ÏßÂ??æ) 2FeCl3+H2S===2FeCl2+2HCl+S?ý 2FeCl3+2KI===2FeCl2+2KCl+I2?ý FeCl2+Mg===Fe+MgCl2 2????Ô,ÐÔ: 2FeCl2+Cl2===2FeCl3 3Na2S+8HNO3(Ï?)===6NaNO3+2NO?ü+3S?ý+4H2O 3Na2SO3+2HNO3(Ï?)===3Na2SO4+2NO?ü+H2O 2Na2SO3+O2===2Na2SO4 3??Óë?îÐÔÎïÖʵÄ×?ÓÃ: MgCl2+2NH3?H2O===Mg(OH)2?ý+NH4Cl AlCl3+3NH3?H2O===Al(OH)3?ý+3NH4Cl FeCl3+3NH3?H2O===Fe(OH)3?ý+3NH4Cl 4?? ÓëËáÐÔÎïÖʵÄ×?ÓÃ: Na2CO3+HCl===NaHCO3+NaCl NaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+H2O+CO2?ü 3Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O==2Al(OH)3?ý+3CO2?ü+6NaCl 3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O==2Fe(OH)3?ý+3CO2?ü+6NaCl 3NaHCO3+AlCl3===Al(OH)3?ý+3CO2?ü + 3NaCl 3NaHCO3+FeCl3===Fe(OH)3?ý+3CO2?ü+ 3NaCl 3NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O===4Al(OH)3?ý+ 3 NaCl 5?? ??ÎÈ??ÐÔ: Na2S2O3+H2SO4===Na2SO4+S?ý+SO2?ü+H2O