血稠的医学对策

血稠的医学对策 血稠的医学对策 2005-1-13 阅读次数: 6993次 翻开时下的医药卫生报刊～一种称为高黏稠血症的“时髦病”频频亮相。好好的血液为什么会变稠,血液变稠了有什么危害,有什么防范的好办法吗,本文就这几个问题为您解惑献策。 血液为啥会变稠 我们知道～血液不断地在体内循环流动～流动的速度并非一成不变～比如安静状态下比起运动时要慢得多～只要在正常范围内就不会影响健康。但在有的时候～流动的速度减慢到正常范围以下～甚至抽出的血液很快凝在针管中推不出去～或者静脉输液时因反流血液凝结而堵管～这就表明血液明显变稠了。变稠了的血液流动速度更慢～一来使机体组织所获得的氧气和营养物质相对减少～二来使红血球因之而聚集～形成凝血块阻塞血管～诱发心肌梗塞或脑梗塞而危及生命——这就是血液变稠最可怕的恶果。 那么～好端端的血液为啥会变稠呢,主要与以下几个因素有关: 水是血液黏稠的即刻因素。《红楼梦》里贾宝玉有一句名言:女儿是水做的。其实男子同样是水做的～因为水占人体体重的一半以上～特别是流动着的血液～,,,以上由水组成。大量出汗、服用利尿剂、腹泻等引起身体水分流失～都可使血容量减少～致使血液中的有形成分,红血球等,相对增多～血液的黏稠度自然增加。体内水分因之减少～血液浓缩～红血球、血小板等血浆成分的浓度升高。 有形成分是血液黏稠度的物质基础。能使血液变稠的有形成分有血液中的红血球、蛋白质等。红血球数量越多～血液黏稠度就越高,血浆中蛋白质、脂肪、糖分越多～血液越黏稠,血液中纤维蛋白原的含量对血液黏稠度的影响不容忽视～当纤维蛋白原升高时～血液黏稠度会明显升高。血中的球蛋白、纤维蛋白原等蛋白质成分增多～与红血球一起黏合形成网络～致使血液流动的阻力增大,红血球与血小板的结构改变～互相凝结成块～阻塞了血管,红血球等血中细胞的变形能力减弱～不能顺利通过小血管～从而增加了血液的黏稠度。 也存在使血液变稠的非血液因素。在同样条件下～有些环境因素也累及血液的黏稠度～如夏季血黏度增高～冬季低,清晨与上午高～傍晚与下午低,阴雨、闷热、低气压时高～风和日丽时低,厚味饮食后高～清淡饮食后低,腹泻、出汗后高～足量饮水后低。上述因素中～有些与水平衡有关～有的与血液有形成分增加有关～有的则与人体生物钟有关。了解了这些规律～有利于防止血液黏稠～预防相关疾患发生。 怎样知道自己血液变稠 hot standby mode, ensure that the rehabilitation centre 7*24 hours/normal, secure network working condition. network outlet is equipped with a firewall. Guarantees stable and secure operation of the network. According to the star-shaped structure of computer networks to achieve medical ground floor second floor access layer switches to ground five layer Interconnect as well as rehabilitation, 1, 2nd floor access layer switch interconnect. Network route 12-core single-mode fiber-optic cable through a weak pipeline laying perpendicular to the shaft from the FD to the device of floors of BD. 48 data points corresponding to each pair of optical fiber intranet, Internet 24 data points, and fully reserve standby, rehabilitation center for future facility expansion needs. convenient and economical. Internet medical room as core telecommunication line, the four-storey information directly into a layer of weak lines, with 1 large Gigabit switch as the core of Internet System. meet the rehab hospital-wide Internet applications, data exchange and social access, public information release. Together, access switch selection based on fast, load power, security and stability, business integration, ease of management and maintenance of equipment basic conditions to meet hospital-wide data exchange, to provide users with access to multiple business, Exchange and integration of secure network. Network outlet is equipped with 虽然血稠不像贫血或失血那样可以引起明显的自觉症状～但还是能感受到一些“蛛丝马迹”～不过你得更加细心才行—— 晨起头晕～不清醒～思维迟钝～一般要待吃过早餐后～头脑才逐渐变得清醒。 午餐后犯困～需要睡一会儿～否则整个下午都无精打采。相反～晚餐后精神状态特别好。 蹲着干活气喘。下蹲时回到心、脑的血液减少～肺、脑等器官缺血～导致呼吸困难～故有气喘出现。 阵发性视力模糊。血液变稠了～流速减慢～血液不能充分营养视神经～或者视神经或视网膜暂时性缺血缺氧～看东西一阵阵模糊。 如果中老年人出现上述症状～应疑及血稠～最好到医院做有关血液流变学检查～以便明确诊断。 血稠需要治疗吗 根据病理学家们对血液黏稠度的形成以及变化规律的研究～发现血稠程度受到多种因素的影响～诸如进食、饮水、运动、机体代谢状况和外界环境、不同季节、时间与气候等。因此～一个人的血稠程度不是一成不变的～而是始终处于时高时低的动态变化之中。对于健康者来说～你大可放心～因为人体自身有较强的调节能力～来维持血液内环境的平衡和相对稳定～使你并不产生病态表现～故一般无需特殊治疗。 但要注意～中老年人群出现了较明显的血稠症状～特别是已经患有高血压、动脉硬化、糖尿病的患者～必须及时给予药物干预～如西药藻酸双酯钠、肠溶阿司匹林、茶色素、潘生丁～中药丹参、川芎、当归、红花等。当然这些药物都须在专科医生的指导下使用～万不可自行其事～以免出错。 调整生活方式 其实～还有更简单的防止血稠或消除血稠的办法～这就是调整生活方式。具体可概括为,点: 多饮水 水堪称速效稀释剂。一夜酣睡后的失水、消化食物时消耗的水～都是使人体血液变稠的因素。饮水可使血液立刻变稀。但饮水要讲科学～首先要掌握好时机～如清晨起床、三餐前,小时、晚间就寝前喝水,,,毫升。其次是选择稀释效果好的水:盐水可促进细胞脱水～不足取,冷水刺激胃肠血管收缩～有碍水吸收进入血液～不宜饮,纯净水太纯～其低渗状态会使水分很快进入细胞内～稀释血液的效果也不理想。理想的稀释水是,,?，,,?的白开水或者淡茶水～其张力、密度等都接近血液与组织细胞～值得提倡。 多吃具有稀释血液功能的食物 如可抑制血小板聚集、防止血栓形成的有黑木耳、洋葱、柿子椒、香 hot standby mode, ensure that the rehabilitation centre 7*24 hours/normal, secure network working condition. network outlet is equipped with a firewall. Guarantees stable and secure operation of the network. According to the star-shaped structure of computer networks to achieve medical ground floor second floor access layer switches to ground five layer Interconnect as well as rehabilitation, 1, 2nd floor access layer switch interconnect. Network route 12-core single-mode fiber-optic cable through a weak pipeline laying perpendicular to the shaft from the FD to the device of floors of BD. 48 data points corresponding to each pair of optical fiber intranet, Internet 24 data points, and fully reserve standby, rehabilitation center for future facility expansion needs. convenient and economical. Internet medical room as core telecommunication line, the four-storey information directly into a layer of weak lines, with 1 large Gigabit switch as the core of Internet System. meet the rehab hospital-wide Internet applications, data exchange and social access, public information release. Together, access switch selection based on fast, load power, security and stability, business integration, ease of management and maintenance of equipment basic conditions to meet hospital-wide data exchange, to provide users with access to multiple business, Exchange and integration of secure network. Network outlet is equipped with 菇及草莓、菠萝、柠檬等水果,具有类似阿司匹林抗凝作用的食物有番茄、红葡萄、橘子、生姜,具有降脂作用的有香芹、胡萝卜、魔芋、山楂、紫菜、海带、玉米、芝麻等。蔬菜与瓜果除含有大量水分外～还有丰富的维生素,及粗纤维。维生素,能降低血脂～粗纤维可以在肠道内阻止胆固醇的吸收～有利于降低血稠的程度。 多食大豆 大豆含有丰富的卵磷脂～是一种乳化剂～能使血中胆固醇颗粒变小～并保持悬浮状态～有利于脂类透过血管壁为组织所利用～可降低血中胆固醇～使血稠得以改善。 少吃动物内脏、动物脂肪及甜食 动物内脏如脑花、猪肚、肥肠及动物脂肪含有大量胆固醇与饱和脂肪～可加重血稠程度～促进动脉硬化。甜食糖分多～能升高人体血液中的甘油三脂～也可提升血液的黏稠度。故三餐宜清淡一些～以素为主～粗细粮搭配。 坚持体育锻炼 如散步、慢跑、太极拳、爬山、游泳等～以促进血液循环～加快体内的脂质代谢。 戒除烟酒～消除忧虑～情绪乐观～保持心理健康。 合理用药 在医生指导下服用阿司匹林,,,毫克～每日,次,、维生素,,,,,毫克～每日？次,、潘生丁,,,毫克～每日？次,、复方丹参片,？片～每日？次,。这些药物有改善血管壁功能～可抑制血小板聚集和黏附～降低血液黏稠度～从而增加血液流速～防止血栓形成。 血稠的认识 正规血液黏稠检查有许多～在先进的专用仪器的条件下～还要做到以下几点:1. 必须是清晨空腹采血,2.必须是坐着采血,3.必须从肘前静脉采血,4.抗凝剂必须使 用肝素或乙二胺四乙酸盐～而不能用枸橼酸盐或草酸盐作抗凝剂,5.抽出的血液要放 臵20分钟～然后开始检测～必需在4小时之内完成～否则会影响准确性。正确的检 测方法、精密的检测仪器～才能得出准确的检测结果～这样的报告对病人才有指导意 义。 什么是血液黏稠, 血液黏稠属于血液流变学的范畴～血液流变学是研究血液和血管的宏观与微观流变特 性规律及在医学等领域内应用的科学。它是通过对血液黏度、红细胞变形与聚集、血 小板聚集、纤维蛋白原等的测定～预测某些疾病发生的可能性。血液流变学参数可作 为某些疾病诊断的辅助指标～还可以观察药物治疗前后血液流变学的变化～药物 的疗效～探索新的治疗方法。 hot standby mode, ensure that the rehabilitation centre 7*24 hours/normal, secure network working condition. network outlet is equipped with a firewall. Guarantees stable and secure operation of the network. According to the star-shaped structure of computer networks to achieve medical ground floor second floor access layer switches to ground five layer Interconnect as well as rehabilitation, 1, 2nd floor access layer switch interconnect. Network route 12-core single-mode fiber-optic cable through a weak pipeline laying perpendicular to the shaft from the FD to the device of floors of BD. 48 data points corresponding to each pair of optical fiber intranet, Internet 24 data points, and fully reserve standby, rehabilitation center for future facility expansion needs. convenient and economical. Internet medical room as core telecommunication line, the four-storey information directly into a layer of weak lines, with 1 large Gigabit switch as the core of Internet System. meet the rehab hospital-wide Internet applications, data exchange and social access, public information release. Together, access switch selection based on fast, load power, security and stability, business integration, ease of management and maintenance of equipment basic conditions to meet hospital-wide data exchange, to provide users with access to multiple business, Exchange and integration of secure network. Network outlet is equipped with 血液流变学检查主要包括以下几个方面。 全血黏度 全血黏度的测量是反映血液流动特性的一个宏观指标。血液黏度增高可以使血液流动受阻～红细胞变形能力下降、聚集性增高～使血液流入微小血管和毛细血管的流量减少～通过能力降低。影响全血黏度的因素主要有:1.红细胞比积,2.红细胞变形性,3.红细胞聚集性,4.血浆黏度,5.其他:如温度、血液PH值、渗透压、药物的影响等等。 血浆黏度 血浆黏度主要由血浆中大分子物质决定的～包括各种蛋白质和脂类～其中血浆纤维蛋白原影响最大。这主要由于纤维蛋白原可形成链状分子结构～使红细胞相互聚集～形成缗钱状。 红细胞的变形性 红细胞膜十分柔软～容易变形～当通过直径小于红细胞直径的毛细血管时～红细胞可以变成子弹头样、梭形、杆形等。良好的变形性可使红细胞在流动过程中减少摩擦力～降低全血黏度～特别是当红细胞通过管径小于自身的微循环血管时～自身被拉长变细～易于通过～以达到为组织供氧的目的。 红细胞的聚集性 红细胞聚集后～全血黏度增加～血液流动减慢～阻力增加～容易堵塞小血管。红细胞、白细胞、血小板表面上都带负电荷～同性相斥～因此在正常情况下细胞之间不聚集。如果血浆中大分子的蛋白质增高～纤维蛋白原、球蛋白可以吸附在红细胞表面～把相邻红细胞桥联起来形成聚集体。另外～如果人长期不运动～红细胞就容易在静脉中聚集。高脂血症会引起红细胞表面的负电荷减少～同样会引起红细胞聚集。 影响血液黏稠度的因素有哪些, 血液的黏稠度首先与血液的有形成分有关～主要是与红细胞比积有关～红细胞占血细胞的95%以上～其余的5%是白细胞和血小板。所以～红细胞数量与全血黏度关系非常密切。红细胞的变形能力越弱～血液黏稠度越高。细胞聚集性越强～血液越黏稠。血浆黏稠度主要取决于血浆中蛋白质含量～尤其是纤维蛋白原。 hot standby mode, ensure that the rehabilitation centre 7*24 hours/normal, secure network working condition. network outlet is equipped with a firewall. Guarantees stable and secure operation of the network. According to the star-shaped structure of computer networks to achieve medical ground floor second floor access layer switches to ground five layer Interconnect as well as rehabilitation, 1, 2nd floor access layer switch interconnect. Network route 12-core single-mode fiber-optic cable through a weak pipeline laying perpendicular to the shaft from the FD to the device of floors of BD. 48 data points corresponding to each pair of optical fiber intranet, Internet 24 data points, and fully reserve standby, rehabilitation center for future facility expansion needs. convenient and economical. Internet medical room as core telecommunication line, the four-storey information directly into a layer of weak lines, with 1 large Gigabit switch as the core of Internet System. meet the rehab hospital-wide Internet applications, data exchange and social access, public information release. Together, access switch selection based on fast, load power, security and stability, business integration, ease of management and maintenance of equipment basic conditions to meet hospital-wide data exchange, to provide users with access to multiple business, Exchange and integration of secure network. Network outlet is equipped with 血脂和糖类对血液黏度有一定影响～但不起主要作用。因此过分强调用少吃肥肉、多吃素食的办法去降低血液黏稠度有很大的局限性和片面性。一些人害怕心脑血管病～不吃鸡蛋不吃肉～专门吃素食～这样做会因为蛋白质缺乏而引起贫血、免疫力下降～并且由于血管缺乏弹力蛋白而引起血压增高。同时～由于胆固醇过低～造成细胞脆性增加～使得脑出血的发生率增加。所以说～胆固醇过低或过高对人体都是不利的。 血液黏稠度增高是否会引起中风, 这是许多中老年人非常关心的问题。脑中风的原因有很多～血液黏稠只是原因之一～只能说血液黏稠度高～脑血栓和心肌梗死的可能性就大。比如说吸烟的人肺癌患病率高～但不等于吸烟就一定会得肺癌～但是戒烟肯定会对预防肺癌有好处。同理～降低血液黏稠度对心脑血管病有预防作用。 如何降低血液黏稠度, 多饮水 血浆中90,是水。脱水会引起红细胞压积增高～也就是说红细胞在血液中的比例增大～另外～脱水会引起红细胞的变形性下降以及聚集性增加。所以～多喝白开水既省钱又能预防心脑血管病。临床上经常见到这样一些病人～不爱喝水～天热出汗也很少喝水～结果头晕、胸闷、肢体麻木～跑到医院花上千元输液～真的很不合算。成年人每日应保证饮用8杯白开水。 饮食平衡 主食的摄取量根据运动量来决定～多吃未被加工过的粗粮～少吃细粮～肉食和蔬菜的比例应为1?4。 适量运动 运动能减少红细胞的聚集～扩张毛细血管～使得血液循环通畅。 戒烟 吸烟会引起纤维蛋白原增高～纤维蛋白原增高是引起血浆黏度和全血黏度增高的非常重要的因素。纤维蛋白原大于500毫克/分升时～血栓形成的危险性会增加4倍。 血液黏稠的药物治疗 hot standby mode, ensure that the rehabilitation centre 7*24 hours/normal, secure network working condition. network outlet is equipped with a firewall. Guarantees stable and secure operation of the network. According to the star-shaped structure of computer networks to achieve medical ground floor second floor access layer switches to ground five layer Interconnect as well as rehabilitation, 1, 2nd floor access layer switch interconnect. Network route 12-core single-mode fiber-optic cable through a weak pipeline laying perpendicular to the shaft from the FD to the device of floors of BD. 48 data points corresponding to each pair of optical fiber intranet, Internet 24 data points, and fully reserve standby, rehabilitation center for future facility expansion needs. convenient and economical. Internet medical room as core telecommunication line, the four-storey information directly into a layer of weak lines, with 1 large Gigabit switch as the core of Internet System. meet the rehab hospital-wide Internet applications, data exchange and social access, public information release. Together, access switch selection based on fast, load power, security and stability, business integration, ease of management and maintenance of equipment basic conditions to meet hospital-wide data exchange, to provide users with access to multiple business, Exchange and integration of secure network. Network outlet is equipped with 小分子右旋糖苷 它可以使红细胞解聚～减轻红细胞聚集～降低血液黏稠度。 降纤维蛋白药物 如蛇毒类药物。适合于纤维蛋白原增高者。 血液稀释疗法 包括放血疗法～比如现在提倡的无偿献血是一个非常好的稀释血液的办法。另外～一些有活血化淤功能的中药～输入人体后～病人有明显的症状改善～但是～靠输液预防心脑血管病的发生是不正确的～因为液体进入人体之后～很快就会从肾脏排出～输液可以解决一时的症状～但不可能解决高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症的问题～也不可能把脑血管的危险因素都去除。所以预防心脑血管病要从生活方式上～从控制血压、血糖、戒烟、运动等方面入手。 口服药物 增加红细胞的变形能力～如己酮可可碱、钙离子拮抗剂等。小剂量阿司匹林等降低血小板聚集性的药物也很不错。 关于高血脂的食疗方子 高血脂症属于中医痰证、眩晕、心悸、胸痹等证的范畴。以眩晕、胸闷、空腹时血浆脂质(甘油三酯和胆固醇)升高(有的病例在临床上无任何症状)等为临床特征。 本病外因久食膏粱厚味和肥甘之品～内因老年衰弱或先天不足造成肾的阴阳失调。其病机是肝肾亏损～痰瘀内阻。 如果血脂过多～容易造成“血稠”在血管壁上沉积～逐渐形成小斑块,就是我们常说的“动脉粥样硬化”,这些“斑块”增多、增大～逐渐堵塞血管～使血流变慢～严重时血液被中断。这种情况如果发生在心脏～就引起冠心病,发生在脑～就会出现脑中风,如果堵塞眼底血管～将导致视力下降、失明,如果发生在肾脏～就会引起肾动脉硬化～肾功能衰竭,发生在下肢～会出现肢体坏死、溃烂等。此外～高血脂可引发高血压、诱发胆结石、胰腺炎～加重肝炎、导致男性性功能障碍、老年痴呆等疾病。 高脂血症的治疗除用降脂药物外～药膳也可达到降脂的作用。 hot standby mode, ensure that the rehabilitation centre 7*24 hours/normal, secure network working condition. network outlet is equipped with a firewall. Guarantees stable and secure operation of the network. According to the star-shaped structure of computer networks to achieve medical ground floor second floor access layer switches to ground five layer Interconnect as well as rehabilitation, 1, 2nd floor access layer switch interconnect. Network route 12-core single-mode fiber-optic cable through a weak pipeline laying perpendicular to the shaft from the FD to the device of floors of BD. 48 data points corresponding to each pair of optical fiber intranet, Internet 24 data points, and fully reserve standby, rehabilitation center for future facility expansion needs. convenient and economical. Internet medical room as core telecommunication line, the four-storey information directly into a layer of weak lines, with 1 large Gigabit switch as the core of Internet System. meet the rehab hospital-wide Internet applications, data exchange and social access, public information release. Together, access switch selection based on fast, load power, security and stability, business integration, ease of management and maintenance of equipment basic conditions to meet hospital-wide data exchange, to provide users with access to multiple business, Exchange and integration of secure network. Network outlet is equipped with 1、素烩三菇功效:降脂降压、防癌。 配料:冬菇、蘑菇、草菇各25克～嫩玉米笋片50克～鲜汤适量～粉芡、调料各少许。 制作:将冬菇、蘑菇、草菇入清水泡发～洗净～入油锅煸炒～然后加入鲜汤、嫩玉米笋片同煮～待熟后再加入粉芡和调料(盐、味精等)～翻炒片刻即可。 用法:佐餐食。 2、双耳炒豆腐功效:滋补气血～降血脂血压。 配料:木耳15克～优质鲜豆腐300-500克～银耳15克～鲜肉汤适量～豆腐乳、胡椒粉、香菜、油、食盐、味精各少许。 制作:1、将木耳、银耳加入清水泡发～洗净～去杂质～在油锅中略爆炒,香菜洗净切碎。2、将豆腐洗净～切成2厘米见方小块～放入油锅与豆腐乳煎炒～然后加入木耳、银耳、鲜汤、香菜、胡椒粉、盐及味精～煮透即可。 用法:佐餐食。 3、三七首乌粥功效:强心、降脂、降压。 配料:三七5克～何首乌30-60克～大米100克～红枣2枚～白糖适量。 制作:1、将三七、何首乌洗净～放入砂锅内煎取浓汁。2、将大米、红枣、白糖放入砂锅中～加水适量～先煮成稀粥～然后放入药汁～轻轻搅匀～文火烧至翻滚～见粥汤稠粘停火～盖紧焖5分钟即可。 用法:早、晚餐温热顿服。忌用铁锅煮。 hot standby mode, ensure that the rehabilitation centre 7*24 hours/normal, secure network working condition. network outlet is equipped with a firewall. Guarantees stable and secure operation of the network. According to the star-shaped structure of computer networks to achieve medical ground floor second floor access layer switches to ground five layer Interconnect as well as rehabilitation, 1, 2nd floor access layer switch interconnect. Network route 12-core single-mode fiber-optic cable through a weak pipeline laying perpendicular to the shaft from the FD to the device of floors of BD. 48 data points corresponding to each pair of optical fiber intranet, Internet 24 data points, and fully reserve standby, rehabilitation center for future facility expansion needs. convenient and economical. Internet medical room as core telecommunication line, the four-storey information directly into a layer of weak lines, with 1 large Gigabit switch as the core of Internet System. meet the rehab hospital-wide Internet applications, data exchange and social access, public information release. Together, access switch selection based on fast, load power, security and stability, business integration, ease of management and maintenance of equipment basic conditions to meet hospital-wide data exchange, to provide users with access to multiple business, Exchange and integration of secure network. Network outlet is equipped with 4、山楂荷泽茶功效:消脂降压。 配料:山楂15克～荷叶12克～泽泻10克。 制作:将上述3味共切细～加水煎或以沸水冲泡～取浓汁即可。 用法:每日服1剂～代茶饮。山楂生食或煮粥食。 血粘稠食疗方法 血粘稠食疗方法: 鲜姜500克,洗净切成片,～冰糖250克～白米醋一瓶。 泡在一起～一周后饮用。 每天早、晚各饮一匙～同时吃8片姜。 此方既治高血压～并对血黏、血稠也有疗效。 hot standby mode, ensure that the rehabilitation centre 7*24 hours/normal, secure network working condition. network outlet is equipped with a firewall. Guarantees stable and secure operation of the network. According to the star-shaped structure of computer networks to achieve medical ground floor second floor access layer switches to ground five layer Interconnect as well as rehabilitation, 1, 2nd floor access layer switch interconnect. Network route 12-core single-mode fiber-optic cable through a weak pipeline laying perpendicular to the shaft from the FD to the device of floors of BD. 48 data points corresponding to each pair of optical fiber intranet, Internet 24 data points, and fully reserve standby, rehabilitation center for future facility expansion needs. convenient and economical. Internet medical room as core telecommunication line, the four-storey information directly into a layer of weak lines, with 1 large Gigabit switch as the core of Internet System. meet the rehab hospital-wide Internet applications, data exchange and social access, public information release. Together, access switch selection based on fast, load power, security and stability, business integration, ease of management and maintenance of equipment basic conditions to meet hospital-wide data exchange, to provide users with access to multiple business, Exchange and integration of secure network. Network outlet is equipped with