[推荐]英文单词拼写规矩
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
在开音节中 name plane Jane baby cake 1-01 [e]
a
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back 1-02
在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 1-03 e
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04
在开音节中 bike fly drive time nice kite 1-05 [a]
i/y
在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim 1-06 []
在开音节中 those close go hoe home no 1-07 [u]
o
在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop sock 1-08
在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 1-09 u
在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much lunch 1-10 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler 1-11 super
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
China another woman breakfast 2-01 []
a
orange comrade village cabbage 2-02 []
hundred student open moment 2-03 []
e
chicken pocket begin children 2-04 []]
holiday beautiful family animal 2-05 []/[]]
i/y
exercise satellite 2-06 [a]]
second tonight somebody welcome 2-07 []
o
also zero photo 2-08 [u]
autumn difficult 2-09 []
u
[ju(:)] popular congratulation January 2-10
2-11 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[e]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence 2-12
February issue
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[]]音。
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号 a在[w]音后面 [] want what watch wash quality 3-01 a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father 3-02 i在gh -gn -ld -nd前 high light sign child find 3-03 [a]
o在-st -ld前 most postcard old cold 3-04 [u]
o在m n v th前 [] come monkey love mother 3-05
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
[:] car farm dark sharpener 4-01 ar
ar在[w]音后面 [:] warm quarter towards 4-02
[:] forty morning short 4-03 or
or在[w]音后面 [:] word worker worse 4-04
er ir ur [:] certainly bird Thursday 4-05 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼4-06 读规则发音。例如: carry berry mirror sorry hurry
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr comfort 4-07 Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
are care dare hare 5-01 [e]
ere here mere 5-02 []
ire fire hire wire 5-03 [a]
ore [:] more score before 5-04
ure pure cure 5-05 [ju]
重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。 5-06 例如:parent zero inspiring story during
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
5-07 例如:orange very American paragraph forest spirit
完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音
5-08 节中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音,例如:salary
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
ai/ay afraid rain wait day play 6-01 [e]
air air hair chair pair repair 6-02 [e]
[:] small ball talk wall all 6-03 al
[:l] always also salt almost 6-04
al 在 f m 前 [:] half calm 6-05
au/aw [:] autumn daughter draw 6-06
[i:] teach easy cheap please 6-07
ea [e] heavy bread sweater weather 6-08
break great 6-09 [e]
hear dear near clear year 6-10 []
ear bear pear wear swear 6-11 [e]
[:] earth learn early 6-12
ee [i:] jeep week green three 6-13
eer pioneer deer beer 6-14 []
ei/ey eight neighbour they 6-15 [e]
[ju:] new few newspaper 6-16 eu/ew
在 j l r 后 [u:] flew brew jewelry 6-17
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei [i:] piece field receive seize 6-18
oa coat Joan boat goal 6-19 [u]
oar/oor [:] roar board door floor 6-20
oi/oy noise point boy toilet 6-21 []
[u:] broom food tooth school 6-22
oo
[u] book look cook foot good 6-23
[au] flower house count down 6-24
know row throw though 6-25 [u]
ou/ow
[] young country enough 6-26
[u:] group you soup through 6-27
[:] course your four 6-28
our our hour ours 6-29 [au]
[:] journey 6-30
annuity continuity 6-31 [ju:] ui
ui 在j l r s后 [u:] juice sluice fruit suit 6-32
Gentiles
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词 编 号 ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey 7-01 []
ow yellow sparrow tomorrow 7-02 [u]
元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[]音。 7-03 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [n] impression nation 7-04 -sion在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion 7-05 -tion在s后 question suggestion 7-06 [n]
-sten [sn] listen christen 7-07
-stle [sl] whistle jostle castle 7-08
-sure pressure 7-09 []
-sure在元音字母后 pleasure measure 7-10 []
-ture picture culture 7-11 []
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如:
8-01
everyday[e]
handbag[æ]
blackboard[:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如:
sun 太阳 + day[e] 日子 ? Sunday[i] 星期天 8-02 holy 神圣 + day[e] 日子 ? holiday[i] 假日
break 中断 + fast[:] 斋戒 ? breakfast[] 早餐
cup 茶杯 + board[:] 木板 ? cupboard[] 碗柜
main 主要部分 + land[æ] 陆地 ? mainland[] 大陆
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
[b] bike bus bag 9-01
b
[/] bomb tomb lamb climb 9-02
[k] cake picture coat music 9-03 c
c在e前或在i/y前 [s] face decide cinema 9-04
[] much chick rich teacher 9-05
ch [k] school headache chemistry 9-06
[] machine Chicago 9-07
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock 9-08
d [d] doctor bread hand day 9-09
-dge [d] bridge fridge 9-10
dr- [dr] children driver drink 9-11
f [f] five four breakfast 9-12
[] bag garden go 9-13 g
g在e i/y前 [d] orange large German 9-14
gh [f] cough enough rough 9-15
[/] light daughter high 9-16
[] guess league dialogue guitar 9-17 gu- -gue
[w] language anguish penguin 9-18
[h] hot head house hand 9-19 h
[/] hour honest honor 9-20 j- [d] jeep jar joke join July 9-21 k [k] kind bike skate make week 9-22 kn- [n] knife know knock 9-23 l [l] life milk school tall 9-24 m [m] monkey come tomato 9-25 -mn [m] autumn column solemn 9-26
[n] not shine ten note 9-27 n
n在[k] []音前 [?] uncle thank hungry 9-28 -ng [?] morning young wrong 9-29 p [p] paper plane pig ship pen 9-30 ph [f] elephant photo telephone 9-31 q/-que [k] Iraq cheque 9-32 qu- [kw] quality quite quarter 9-33 r- [r] red rubber ruler 9-34
[s] sit sleep desk 9-35 s在音节开头或清辅音前
在元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] music husband 9-36
[sk] scarlet scout Scotland 9-37 sc-
[s] scene science scythe 9-38 sh [] she fish shirt wash 9-39
[t] ten letter meet 9-40 t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前 [] patient nation 9-41 -tch [] watch catch match 9-42
th在通常情况下 [] thin thirty method 9-43
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 [] the these with than 9-44
在词尾-the -ther中 [] clothe father weather 9-45
tr- [tr] tree train country truck 9-46
v [v] very voice love leave 9-47
[w] week win wake sweet wait 9-48
w
[/] answer two 9-49
[w] what when white why 9-50 wh-
wh-在字母o前 [h] who whose whole 9-51
[ks] box text exercise 9-52 x
在重读元音前 [z] example exist exact 9-53
wr- [r] write wrong wrist 9-54
y- [j] yes yard yellow young 9-55
z [z] puzzle zero zoo 9-56
-ds[dz]
-ts[ts]
ps-[s]
十、英语语音名词解释
1〃音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节:[m] [n] [] [l]例外:。从单词拼写形式上0-01 看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。
2〃音节的划分 ?在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。
例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
?在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面重读音节里的元音0-02 是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果重读音节里的元音是短音,则辅字组属于重读音节。
例如:长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er
3〃重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符0-03 号。
4〃开音节 ?绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret
?相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成0-04 的重读音节。例如:name these bike home excuse
五个元音字母在开音节中发长音 [e] [i:] [a] [u] [ju:]
5〃闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组:r w y 除外:且以辅字组结尾的重读音0-05 节。例如:bag egg fish not cup 五个元音字母在闭音节中发短音 [] [e] [] [] [] 6〃双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如:stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节0-06 词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如:
about before excuse repair forget-ful inven-tor
7〃多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如:el-e-phant con-grat-ula-tion 0-07 词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如:scientific impression nation