英语中元音和辅音
英语中元音和辅音(母音和子音)的分类
发音特英 语 音 标(采用口腔后部发声法发音) 征
声前元音:[i:/ I:] [i] [e] [A] 单发带中元音:[Q] [E] [E: / \:] 元 元音气振音 清流后元音:[B:] [C:] [C] [u:] [u] 动 音 晰通双响畅 振母音 元[ai] [ei] [Ci] [iE] [ZE/ eE] [uE] [au] [Eu] 亮 动 音
哑不发辅 辅振[p][t][k] [f][s][W][F] [h] [tF][tr][ts] 音气音 动 含流音 糊受浊[b][d][g] [v][z][T][V] [r] [dV][dr][dz] 振晦阻 辅子音 动 [m][n][N] [l]/[l] [w][j ] 涩 音
[pr][pl][br][bl][kr][kl][gr][gl][fr][fl][sn][sl][sk][sp][sw][
dw][hw][kw][tw] [Wr] 辅音连缀 [pju:][bju:][tju:][dju:][kju:][gju:][fju:][vju:][lju:][mju:][
nju:][hju:][zju
?元音字母a e i(y) o u 的发音口诀: 元音字母音多变,熟记规则也不难。 重开音节多长音,[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:/u:]来拼;重闭音节/轻音短,[A][e][i][C][Q][u][E]
a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。e的发音首数[e],空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。
重开音节i发[ai],重闭/轻音短[i][E]。o发长音[Eu][C:][u:],短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
u字多发 [ju:]和[Q],忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。y头发[j]重读[ai],轻音/结尾[i]变来。
ay ,ey, o/uy,多发[ei][i],[Ci][ai]。r前元音常卷舌,S后弱音须强化。 相近发音不规则,省力顺口是关键。相近/强化加弱化,使得元音多变化。
?辅音字母发音小口诀:辅音字母显易单~见面就把音来念。
?b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s]; 例词:blue, table, Crisp, class,
picture, actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,
?d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见; Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee, green,
egg, orange, garage
?h [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连; her, here, his, jeep, Japan, book,
look, blue, Klan class
?m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r]; meet, am, no, green, thank, English, pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,
?s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please, sure[F], usually[V], pleasure
?x 发音剪头端,[ks]多于[gz]面, six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise; exam, (后接重读元音)
?t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念, teacher, it, very, voice, river, with,
swim, wash, which, white
最后一个字母z~发好[z]音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle, ?辅音字母一见发音表:
b c d f g h j k l m n [b] [k]cap [d] [f] [g]egg [h] [dV] [k] [l] [m] [n]
[s]city [dV] [-l] [N]g/k table rice bed coffee orange high jeep book blue meet nose blue bicycle dog fly garbage hello Japan keep ball room pen
[V]garage table thank p q r s t v w x (y) z [p] [k] [r] [s]desk [t] [v] [w] [ks] [j]yes [z]
[-r] [z]easy [gz] [ai]my pencil quick rose [V]usually sit voice wash box [i]busy zoo open quarter sorry pleasure teacher invite swim exam very zero
teacher [F]sure little quickly freeze
?常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀: 字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感。
wh发音 [h] 和 [w], th 常发 [W] 和 [T];
ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k];
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾);
ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。
wr 发卷趋 [r], 双写分节不分音。{ 动词或复数词尾s /es, 多发[s][z]/ 和
[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}
音节的结构、类型:口诀: 完全结构头中尾(音头/音中/音尾),元音字母占中央
(包含组合),缺头少尾有开闭(音节),e尾/成音/r音节。
开音节/闭音节:以元音或不发音的e结尾的叫开音节,以辅音结尾的是闭音节。
开音节(词) :[以开音节结尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple,
name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some,
闭音节(词):bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed, red,
yes, egg, sit, it, begin(开始), hot, not, boat, boil(沸腾,煮沸,激动),
cup, sun, cut, put, but, mutton(羊肉), meet, woman,
r音节:元音字母(a e i o u) + r构成的独立的音节,也可以前后加辅音字母共同
构成音节。
例如:far(远的), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl, stir(轰动, 激起), or, for(为了,对于,因为,适合), short, fur(毛皮), turn,
// ar•ti•cle(文章), or•der (命令, 定购, 定制;次序, 顺序,秩序), ur•gent
(急迫的, 紧急的), ur•ban (城市的, 市内的),
成音节: 辅音字母(有时跟不发音/弱化音的元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常带有不发
音的e)可算作一个音节。
例如:la•bel ((贴)标签), pu•pil, pen•cil [sl], ta•ble, bi•cy•cle, lit•tle [tl], ap•ple [pl],
peo•ple,
3.划分音节口诀: 音节中心看母音,辅音要向两边站。中心之间辅音连,一靠
后,二分手,多个中间偏左右,字母组合算一个(音)。多音节尾 -l -m –n(e),前
有辅音成音节。
闭音节:pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book
[buk], and [And], eat [i:t],
开音节:he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], tea•cher [`ti:tFE],
rea•dy [`redi], Ju•ly [`dVu(:)lai],
ru•ler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],
成音节: ta•ble [`teibl], ap•ple [pl], bot•tle [tl], mid•dle [dl],
bi•cy•cle [`baisikl], pen•cil [sl],
se•ven [`sevn], e•le•ven [i `lev(E)n],
不发音的e 尾:come [kQm], please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name [neim], give [giv],(开音节的外形,多读长音。)
重音口诀: 为了顺口有节奏,张口由大变到小(省气力),大口/长音多
重读,还要保持身平衡(整个单词发音),特别写法长又多(特别是写法
很长的多音节词),倒数第三多琢磨。(一般是)前轻---中重----后又轻。
哪儿平顺哪(儿)读重。
一般具体做法是:
? 单音节都重读;这类单词很多。例如:meet, and, class, which, house, bread
? 双音节词 ? (发长音或大口音重读, 这类单词很多,例如:`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler
[`ru:lE], `basket [`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd], `lazy [`leizi], `open
[`EupEn], // `sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, po`lice, to`day,
? (两音平(音长和张口大小接近的)开头重读; 这类单词很多,例如:`rubber, `Sandy,
`sandwich, `pencil, `brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry, `very, `busy, `picture, `listen,
`Betty, `empty, `pretty, clever [`klevE], letter [ `letE],
? (带前后缀多词根重读。例如:a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep, be`gin, be`fore, be`side, be`hind,
/`quickly, `friendship, `boyish, `building,
? 多音节词倒数第三个元音字母(音节)重读。带前后缀多词根重读。
例如:`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful, natio`nality, `exercise, `chocolate, `newspaper, //
suddenly, inter`national, `championship, `countable, `interesting, mechano`therapy (力学疗
法),
? 合成词保持开头单词的重音:例如:policeman, `pencil-box, `football, `ice-cream,
`classroom, `schoolboy, `postman, `milkman, `tea-pot, `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`seek,
`snakes-and-`ladders,