汽车排量与车辆选择

汽车排量与车辆选择 活塞从上止点移动到下止点所通过的空间容积称为气缸排量;如果发动机有若干个气缸，所有气缸工作容积之和称为发动机排量。一般用升(L)来表示。发动机排量是最重要的结构参数之一，它比缸径和缸数更能代表发动机的大小，发动机的许多指标都同排气量密切相关。 排量的定义 排量，液压传动专用术语，是指每行程或每循环吸入或排出的流体体积。 通常排量大，单位时间发动机所释放的能量(即将燃料的化学能转化为机械能)大，也就是“动力性”好，就好像一个十多岁的男孩与一个健康的成年人相比，当然是成年人干体力活效率更高咯。所以那些越野车、跑车通常排量都相对较大。 如何识别车辆发动机排量 大部分国产轿车尾部都有一个由拼音字母和阿拉伯数字组成的汽车型号，其内容包括如下三部分:首部由2个或3个拼音字母组成，是识别企业名称的代号。如红旗轿车后面的CA代表一汽，福莱尔轿车的QC代表秦川;拼音字母的后面一般跟有4位阿拉伯数字，轿车左起首位数字为“7”，中间两位数字就是该型号轿车的发动机排量，比如“08”就表示发动机排量为0.8升，“20”就表示2.0升，“16”则是1.6升;在表示排量的数字后面还有一位数字表示企业自定的产品序号。 还有一部分国产轿车，其尾部并没有上面这种汽车型号，不过其排量一般也写在车身或车尾，比如长安铃木的“羚羊1300”型轿车，其排量就是1300CC，即1.3升。又如南京菲亚特生产的派力奥轿车，在其车身侧面就能看到“1.3”、“1.6”的字样，这就是它们的发动机排量，单位是升。而一汽大众的奥迪系列轿车，其排量就写在汽车尾部，比如“1.8T”表示排量为1.8升带涡轮增压，“2.4”表示排量为2.4升。 外国车比如宝马，车型、排量众多，很多人觉得分辨起来不容易，下面我们就简单介绍一下。对于宝马轿车来说，分辨其排量其实也很简单，“BMW325i”就是宝马3系列排量为2.5升的轿车，“BMW530i”是宝马5系列的轿车，排量自然就是3.0升。而奔驰的“S600”就表示S级的轿车，排量是5.5升，外加涡轮增压，“E240”代表E级轿车，排量是2.4升。还有很大一部分进口轿车，其排量就写在汽车的尾部，也很容易分辨，比如“2.8”、“3.0”、“2.0”等等，单位都是升。 solicited opinions and suggestions Article 265, including: four problems to 171. Deepening special regulation, State line State modified, side check side modified, total solution highlight problem 19 a; to rectification spirit carried out party political life, in-depth carried out heart talk, serious carried out criticism and self-critical; put built chapter State business throughout activities always, full cleanup and established perfect a involved "four wind" aspects of system provides, new 12 items, amendment perfect 15 items, abolition 3 items. Through educational practices, "four winds" problem significantly curb, party members and cadres ' apparent change of consciousness and ability of serving the masses increased significantly. (C) to promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Adhere to the "party-led township, prospering Township, eco-village, projects promoting Township and industrial Township, industry-rich Township, harmony Township, stabilization control" development strategy, take economic construction as the Center, strengthen leadership over the economic work in earnest, closely around the target determined earlier this year to deal with and try to resolve the various adverse factors, pay close attention to the work. Efforts to promoting the construction of major projects. To transportation, water conservancy, urban infrastructure construction, focusing on implementation of a number of industrial structure adjustment and optimization and upgrading of key projects for leading roles; Completed has XX village pass village Highway, and township location lights bright of, and XX meters "beautiful village", and township public rental and Xiang hospitals public rental, and 270 sets rural housing room 排量与百公里油耗 在油价一路走高的今天，百公里油耗成了衡量汽车性能和经济性的又一重要指标。那么排量与百公里油耗之间是什么关系呢,一般而言，排量越大，百公里油耗也相应越高。但二者之间是不可能存在公式的，起码驾驶者的操控这一点就不可能使之公式化。但下列因素可以作为比较大的权重作为油耗参考:排量;整备质量;满载质量;发动机实际工况(转速、输出扭矩);路况可以通过发动机的实时参数反映出来。其它还有很多，象风阻(速度很大时有影响)、轮胎等。但最难以量化的除人为驾驶因素外，还有装配工艺，这是考验制造商综合实力的关键所在。学过工科的朋友都知道，同样的轴承同样的配合不一样的装配方式其结果是大不相同的，过程控制导致最后的结果也大相径庭。品牌与非主流产品的差距也就在这里。 黄金排量的含义 “黄金排量”的含义可从3个方面诠释: 1(具备燃油经济性特点; 2(良好的操控、动力、舒适性; 3(能够满足消费者多种形式的使用，比如商务、代步、旅游等等。换句话说，能够最大限度的满足消费者的用车的各种需求，且具有合理价位的车型，即黄金排量、黄金车型。 目前社会上存在着两种截然不同的观点。一些人认为，1.6L排量车型的市场容量最大，理应当选，而大多数人则认为，2.0L排量才是现今汽车市场的黄金排量。2.0L当选的理由似乎更加充分:一是因为绝大多数厂商在2.0L排量车型的外形上花费更多精力，外观显得更加体面、精致，而这个排量各车型的价位又能让大多数消费者接受，符合中国人买车好面子的心理;二是2.0L车型普遍运用了较为先进的造车技术，与1.6L排量相比有明显的性能优势，燃油经济性和使用成本又要好于2.4L及更大排量的车型。而对车企而言，2.0L车型更可谓名利双收，因为它不仅能提升品牌的认知度，又有可观利润，所以，即使目前车市上2.0L这个军团已经很臃肿，仍有不少厂商陆续推出该排量的新车型。 适合人群 1.0L以下 这类车可以说是城市里的宠儿。排量小，油耗低，外形好看，购买和养护费用都很便宜。比较适合新手和女性朋友以及创业阶段的年轻人士选购。从奥拓到QQ、SPARK、北斗星，小排量的车选择之多，生命线之长，加之政府不断发出鼓励购买排量小、节能型汽车的声音以及油价的不断提高和低收入人群购车的比例增多，都犹如给这个排量区间的车注射了一支solicited opinions and suggestions Article 265, including: four problems to 171. Deepening special regulation, State line State modified, side check side modified, total solution highlight problem 19 a; to rectification spirit carried out party political life, in-depth carried out heart talk, serious carried out criticism and self-critical; put built chapter State business throughout activities always, full cleanup and established perfect a involved "four wind" aspects of system provides, new 12 items, amendment perfect 15 items, abolition 3 items. Through educational practices, "four winds" problem significantly curb, party members and cadres ' apparent change of consciousness and ability of serving the masses increased significantly. (C) to promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Adhere to the "party-led township, prospering Township, eco-village, projects promoting Township and industrial Township, industry-rich Township, harmony Township, stabilization control" development strategy, take economic construction as the Center, strengthen leadership over the economic work in earnest, closely around the target determined earlier this year to deal with and try to resolve the various adverse factors, pay close attention to the work. Efforts to promoting the construction of major projects. To transportation, water conservancy, urban infrastructure construction, focusing on implementation of a number of industrial structure adjustment and optimization and upgrading of key projects for leading roles; Completed has XX village pass village Highway, and township location lights bright of, and XX meters "beautiful village", and township public rental and Xiang hospitals public rental, and 270 sets rural housing room 兴奋剂。当然，购买这类车就只能作为城市的基本代步工具了，也许炎热的夏天带着空调爬坡会让你感觉犹如买了只蜗牛，心里那个急啊，只能用一个字劝你———忍。 适合人群:新手、女性朋友以及创业阶段的年轻人士 代表车型:奥拓、奇瑞QQ、SPARK乐驰 1.0L~1.1L 其实1.0和1.1也属于是小排量的微型车，而且这两个排量的车好多也是生产1.0以下车型的厂家在生产。比如QQ就有0.8和1.1的，SPARK也有0.8和1.0的。还有1.0、1.1两个排量都生产的哈飞路宝。之所以单独列出来，是因为前段时间消费税的调整，1.0升至1.5升的排量的车税率下降两个百分点，别小看了这两个百分点，好多消费者还因此改变了最初的购车。 适合人群:对空调和动力有一定要求的微型车选购者 代表车型:哈飞路宝、SPARK、QQ 1.3L: 这个排量可以说的就太多了。由于油价的不断攀升、国家各项新政都明显向小排量车型倾斜。而兼顾 奇瑞QQ6 油耗和动力性的1.3L车型则备受购车一族的青睐。进口品牌、合资品牌和自主品牌汽车都纷纷杀向小排量汽车市场，长安奔奔(奔奔新闻，奔奔说吧)、奇瑞QQ6(奇瑞QQ6新闻,奇瑞QQ6说吧)、力帆520两厢、天津一汽威志(威志新闻，威志说吧)、大发D-01等20余款各种型号再加上原来的新威驰、千里马、派力奥、雨燕、夏利等市场元老不同档次的新车都往1.3市场发起进攻。1.3升被业界称为继1.6升“黄金排量”后的“新黄金排量”无可非议。 适合人群:兼顾油耗和动力性的小资一族 代表车型:新威驰、千里马、雨燕、力帆520、天津一汽威志、吉利自由舰 1.4L~1.5L: 始终感觉这两个排量的车都有点怪异。最开始各大厂商、经销商都在鼓吹1.4、1.5会是继1.6以后的“黄金排量”，然而却又把苗头纷纷指向1.3。而生产1.4排量的多数都是些大厂。如上海通用的乐风、乐骋，上海大众的POLO，东风标致的206，东风雪铁龙的富康、C2，还有北京现代的雅绅特等等。而这些车型又基本都有1.6排量车型，可能他们认为1.4和1.6都是黄金排量吧。1.5这个排量的车就有点惨了，消费者都不怎么看重，总觉得油耗比1.4排量的高很多，几乎接近1.6排量的车，而动力比1.6的又差，夹在中间最难受了。solicited opinions and suggestions Article 265, including: four problems to 171. Deepening special regulation, State line State modified, side check side modified, total solution highlight problem 19 a; to rectification spirit carried out party political life, in-depth carried out heart talk, serious carried out criticism and self-critical; put built chapter State business throughout activities always, full cleanup and established perfect a involved "four wind" aspects of system provides, new 12 items, amendment perfect 15 items, abolition 3 items. Through educational practices, "four winds" problem significantly curb, party members and cadres ' apparent change of consciousness and ability of serving the masses increased significantly. (C) to promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Adhere to the "party-led township, prospering Township, eco-village, projects promoting Township and industrial Township, industry-rich Township, harmony Township, stabilization control" development strategy, take economic construction as the Center, strengthen leadership over the economic work in earnest, closely around the target determined earlier this year to deal with and try to resolve the various adverse factors, pay close attention to the work. Efforts to promoting the construction of major projects. To transportation, water conservancy, urban infrastructure construction, focusing on implementation of a number of industrial structure adjustment and optimization and upgrading of key projects for leading roles; Completed has XX village pass village Highway, and township location lights bright of, and XX meters "beautiful village", and township public rental and Xiang hospitals public rental, and 270 sets rural housing room 所以车型不是很多，除了风光一时的老威驰外，销量都一般。当然这里面也有个另类的，那就是一汽丰田普锐斯。普锐斯是首款量产的混合动力车，其功率相当于2.3L排量的发动机输出功率。且油耗之低———当车辆在城市路况行驶时，油耗仅为3升，节油率达到50%，当车辆在高速状态下行驶，节油率约达25%，油耗在5升左右。只可惜高昂的价格让好多人只能望车兴叹。 适合人群:对动力性有一定要求且油耗又不要太高的知本一族 代表车型:1.4L:乐风、206、C2;1.5L:飞度、老威驰、 1.6L 这个曾经长期作为国内轿车的黄金排量的轿车已越来越成为经济型轿车与中级轿车的“分水岭”。随着中级轿车排量向2.0L提升，1.6L排量既是中级轿车进入经济型轿车的“试金石”，也是经济型轿车渗透中级轿车市场的“开路先锋”，他的地位受到汽车厂家、市场和消费者的高度追捧，是兵家必争之地。在现有的车型里，1.6升排量的发动机几乎是经济型轿车与中级轿车的唯一共性。经济型轿车为了能赢得动力性的口碑，都为最高端的款型配备1.6升发动机;而中级轿车装用1.6升发动机则往往是要降低整个车系的门槛，好让普通用户咬咬牙就能够得着。1.6升排量的轿车在市场中特别受到青睐有很多的原因:车型款式众多、价格跨度大、安全性与经济性兼顾等。 适合人群:对安全性、动力性和经济性都有要求的驾乘一族 代表车型:捷达、宝来、POLO、GOLF、赛欧、凯越、爱丽舍、标致307、伊兰特、福美来、千里马、力帆520等 1.7L 派朗的横空出世填补了一直以来国内1.7L排量的空缺。由于1.7L排量目前只有派朗一款车，笔者就将该车给大家作个介绍。派朗搭载的菲亚特1.7L直列4缸发动机，该发动机是首次在中国露面，包括发动机和变速箱在内的动力总成由意大利直接进口。强劲的扭矩输出在2500rpm较低的转速下，发动机便可输出接近峰值扭矩的136Nm，这样的特性既保证了动力输出的线性，又兼顾到燃油经济性，对于经常游走在城市中的用户来说是一种比较适合的调校。而相比于1.8L排量的车，派朗的动力并不见得逊色，油耗上却又基本等同1.6L排量。加之其气派俊朗的外观设计、欧式经典的内饰风格、全新的动力系统、先进的电控系统和牢固的欧洲底盘等五大均衡优势，更充分体现了菲亚特汽车“高性价比”、“安全时尚”、“操控灵活”、“经久耐用”、“服务便捷”的特点～ 适合人群:喜欢飞梭于城市之间但又讲究油耗的年轻一族 solicited opinions and suggestions Article 265, including: four problems to 171. Deepening special regulation, State line State modified, side check side modified, total solution highlight problem 19 a; to rectification spirit carried out party political life, in-depth carried out heart talk, serious carried out criticism and self-critical; put built chapter State business throughout activities always, full cleanup and established perfect a involved "four wind" aspects of system provides, new 12 items, amendment perfect 15 items, abolition 3 items. Through educational practices, "four winds" problem significantly curb, party members and cadres ' apparent change of consciousness and ability of serving the masses increased significantly. (C) to promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Adhere to the "party-led township, prospering Township, eco-village, projects promoting Township and industrial Township, industry-rich Township, harmony Township, stabilization control" development strategy, take economic construction as the Center, strengthen leadership over the economic work in earnest, closely around the target determined earlier this year to deal with and try to resolve the various adverse factors, pay close attention to the work. Efforts to promoting the construction of major projects. To transportation, water conservancy, urban infrastructure construction, focusing on implementation of a number of industrial structure adjustment and optimization and upgrading of key projects for leading roles; Completed has XX village pass village Highway, and township location lights bright of, and XX meters "beautiful village", and township public rental and Xiang hospitals public rental, and 270 sets rural housing room 代表车型:南京菲亚特派朗 1.8L 1(8排量的车型主要集中在一些中高级轿车上。这个级别的车无论从动力、操控性、安全性以及外观、配置等各方面都有不俗的表现。当然，油耗上就得损失点了，只要驾驶习惯不是太狂野，油耗控制在8、9升也不是什么难事。1.8L排量的车公务、家用的都有，就看你是买来做什么了。 适合人群:公务、家用都有，只要你对油耗不太在乎 代表车型:骏捷、花冠、福克斯、伊兰特、别克凯越、帕萨特等。 相关资料 小排量能省油 我们可以算算这笔账:一辆排量1.0升的汽车与1.6升的相比较，假定每月跑1000公里，1.0升比1.6升节油60升左右，一年下来可以节油700多升。个人的力量或许微不足道，可是千千万万个700升就将凝聚成一股不可抵挡的冲击力——树立节约观念，是解决矛盾、构建和谐的要义，是为汽车行业注入无限生机活力的一剂灵丹妙药。 国内分类原则 按照中国大陆划分为:微型轿车(排量为1L以下)、普通级轿车(排量为1.0~1.6L)、中级轿车(排量为1.6~2.5L)、中高级轿车(排量为2.5~4.0L)、高级轿车(排量为4L以上)。 过去我国是以计划经济占主导地位的国家，市场意识不强，价格敏感度较差。当时轿车是按计划分配式的模式销售，以发动机排量来衡量轿车的等级，由此分为微型轿车、普通轿车、中级轿车、中高级轿车和高级轿车几类。目前的通俗分类法:以价格为主，技术规格为辅。即将20万元以上的轿车称为中高级轿车;20万元,15万元为中级轿车;15万元,10万元为普通级轿车;10万元以下为微型轿车或经济型轿车。 国外分类原则 欧系分类 德国大众是欧洲最大的汽车制造商，也是最早进入中国轿车市场的企业，无疑它的轿车分类法具有代表性。德国轿车分为A、B、C、D级，其中A级车又可分为Aoo、Ao和A等三级车，相当于我国微型轿车和普通型轿车;B级和C级分别相当于我国的中级轿车和中高级轿车;D级车是相当于我国大红旗等高档轿车。 美系分类 对美系分类标准，可从通用汽车公司的分类中略见一斑。通用公司一般将轿车分为6solicited opinions and suggestions Article 265, including: four problems to 171. Deepening special regulation, State line State modified, side check side modified, total solution highlight problem 19 a; to rectification spirit carried out party political life, in-depth carried out heart talk, serious carried out criticism and self-critical; put built chapter State business throughout activities always, full cleanup and established perfect a involved "four wind" aspects of system provides, new 12 items, amendment perfect 15 items, abolition 3 items. Through educational practices, "four winds" problem significantly curb, party members and cadres ' apparent change of consciousness and ability of serving the masses increased significantly. (C) to promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Adhere to the "party-led township, prospering Township, eco-village, projects promoting Township and industrial Township, industry-rich Township, harmony Township, stabilization control" development strategy, take economic construction as the Center, strengthen leadership over the economic work in earnest, closely around the target determined earlier this year to deal with and try to resolve the various adverse factors, pay close attention to the work. Efforts to promoting the construction of major projects. To transportation, water conservancy, urban infrastructure construction, focusing on implementation of a number of industrial structure adjustment and optimization and upgrading of key projects for leading roles; Completed has XX village pass village Highway, and township location lights bright of, and XX meters "beautiful village", and township public rental and Xiang hospitals public rental, and 270 sets rural housing room 级，它是综合考虑了车型尺寸、排量、装备和售价之后得出的分类。它的Mini相当于我国的微型轿车;我国的普通型轿车在通用分类中可找到2个级别，即Small和LowMed;各家只对中级轿车的分类标准比较一致，即中级轿车Interm(B级);中高级轿车即Upp,med，在我国相当于近几年涌现最多、销售最畅的奥迪、别克、雅阁等新型车;高级轿车相对应的是Large/Lux级别。 按照功能性划分为:房车、旅行轿车、轿跑车、跑车、敞蓬车等车型。按照车型布置划分为:四门五座、五门掀背、双门双座、双门五座软顶等。 德国A、B、C、D轿车分级标准 按照德国汽车分级标准，A级(包括A0、A00)车是指小型轿车;B级车是中档轿车;C级车是高档轿车;而D级车指的则是豪华轿车，其等级划分主要依据轴距、排量、重量等参数，字母顺序越后，该级别车的轴距越长、排量和重量越大，轿车的豪华程度也不断提高。 资料显示，A00级轿车的轴距应在2米,2.2米之间，发动机排量小于1升，例如奥拓就属于A00级轿车;A0级轿车的轴距为2.2米,2.3米，排量为1升,1.3升，比较典型的是两厢夏利轿车;一般所说的A级车其轴距范围约在2.3米,2.45米之间，排量约在1.3升,1.6升，一汽大众的捷达、上海大众的POLO都算得上是A级车当中的明星;B级中档轿车轴距约在2.45米,2.6米之间，排量从1.6升,2.4升。近年来，B级车市场逐渐成为国内汽车企业拼杀的主战场，如奥迪A4、帕萨特、中华、东方之子等众多车型均属于B级车阵营;C级高档轿车的轴距约在2.6米,2.8米之间，发动机排量为2.3升,3.0升，国内名气最大的C级车非奥迪A6莫属;D级豪华轿车大多外形气派，车内空间极为宽敞，发动机动力也非常强劲，其轴距一般均大于2.8米，排量基本都在3.0升以上，目前我们常见的D级车有奔驰S系列、宝马7系、奥迪A8和劳斯莱斯、宾利等几个品牌的车型。 当然，随着车型的增加以及价格、款式、配置选择越来越多样化，A级、B级、C级车的边缘交会也会越来越多。例如，有些车型或许轴距属于A级车范围，而排量与价格却与B级车相差无几。因此，轿车分级不应过于僵化死板，需灵活处理。 solicited opinions and suggestions Article 265, including: four problems to 171. Deepening special regulation, State line State modified, side check side modified, total solution highlight problem 19 a; to rectification spirit carried out party political life, in-depth carried out heart talk, serious carried out criticism and self-critical; put built chapter State business throughout activities always, full cleanup and established perfect a involved "four wind" aspects of system provides, new 12 items, amendment perfect 15 items, abolition 3 items. Through educational practices, "four winds" problem significantly curb, party members and cadres ' apparent change of consciousness and ability of serving the masses increased significantly. (C) to promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Adhere to the "party-led township, prospering Township, eco-village, projects promoting Township and industrial Township, industry-rich Township, harmony Township, stabilization control" development strategy, take economic construction as the Center, strengthen leadership over the economic work in earnest, closely around the target determined earlier this year to deal with and try to resolve the various adverse factors, pay close attention to the work. Efforts to promoting the construction of major projects. To transportation, water conservancy, urban infrastructure construction, focusing on implementation of a number of industrial structure adjustment and optimization and upgrading of key projects for leading roles; Completed has XX village pass village Highway, and township location lights bright of, and XX meters "beautiful village", and township public rental and Xiang hospitals public rental, and 270 sets rural housing room