神经系统的调节

神经系统的调节 p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Bank's records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approval p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Bank's records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approval p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Bank's records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approval p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Bank's records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approval p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Bank's records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approval p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Bank's records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approval p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Bank's records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approval p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Bank's records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approval 脑或脊髓的剖面，看起来由灰啡色和较浅色的部分构成。它们称为灰质和白质，合称灰白质。它们是中枢神经系统的重要成份。 灰质主要由神经元的胞体构成，白质主要由神经元中被髓鞘包围的突起构成。 在脊髓和延脑，外围主要是白质，内部是灰质;在大脑和小脑以及脑干，情况相反，外围是灰质，内部是白质。 灰质和白质的功能也不一样，灰质是神经中枢，起支配作用(包括脊髓灰质，它也可以控制一些低级的非条件反射。);而白质则主要起传导作用，如脊髓白质主要传导脑部和脊髓灰质的兴奋。 脊髓的内部结构由灰质和白质组成，灰质位于中央，从横断面看呈左右对称的蝴蝶形，由各种神经细胞组成，脊髓灰质分为脊髓前角、侧角和后角，前角内有大量的运动神经细胞，侧角内含有交感神经细胞，而后角内含有感觉神经细胞;白质位于灰质的四周，由纵行的传导神经纤维组成，其主要的成分是由从大脑传达到脊髓的运动神经传导纤维组成的皮质脊髓束，以及从脊髓传达到大脑的感觉神经纤维组成的脊髓丘脑束组成 脊髓的横切面可见位于中央部的灰质和位于周围部的白质。 ( l )脊髓的灰质:呈蝴蝶形或“H ' ，状，其中心有中央管，中央管前后的横条灰质称灰连合，将左右两半灰质联在一起。灰质的每一半由前角和后角组成。灰质周缘部和其联合细胞以其附近含有纤维的白质构成所谓的脊髓的固有基束，贯穿于脊髓的各节段，并在相当程度上保证完成各种复杂的脊髓反射性活动。 ( 2 )脊髓的白质:主要由上行(感觉)和下行(运动)有髓鞘神经纤维组成，分为前索、侧索和后索三部分。? 前索:位于前外侧沟的内侧，主要为下行纤维束，如皮质脊髓(锥体)前束、顶盖脊髓束(视听反射)、内侧纵束(联络眼肌诸神经核和项肌神经核以达成肌肉共济活动)和前庭脊髓束(参与身体平衡反射)。两侧前索以白质前连合相互结合。? 侧索:位于脊髓的侧方前外侧沟和后侧沟之间，有上行和下行传导束。上行传导束有脊髓丘脑束(痛觉、温度觉和粗p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Bank's records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approval 的触觉纤维所组成)和脊髓小脑束(本体感受性冲动和无意识性协调运动)。下行传导束有皮质脊髓侧束也称锥体束(随意运动)和红核脊髓束(姿势调节)。? 后索:位于后外侧沟的内侧，主要为上行传导束(本体感觉和一部分精细触觉)。颈部脊髓的后索分为内侧的薄束和外侧的楔束。 大脑半球的功能较复杂 拥有很多高级中枢 p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Bank's records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approval 主管着人体的高级功能 如语言、运动、思维、视觉以及一些高级的内脏活动和高级的反射 小脑最主要的功能是维持身体的平衡 与锥体外系一同调节肌张力和肌紧张度 脑干是中枢神经系统中至关重要的一个部位 被称为神经中枢的神经中枢 有着很多功能低级但是却十分重要的反射中枢 如呼吸中枢、循环中枢以及其他一些低级反射中枢等 调节着人体的呼吸、循环、血压等生命体征 同时也调节着大脑各中枢的兴奋与抑制及相互间的配合 各种上下行神经冲动信号的整合以及一些低级的内脏活动 同时脑干发出十三对颅神经中的十对 控制着头颈部的感觉以及活动功能 对大脑半球的功能，可归纳为以下几点认识: 大脑分左右两个半球，每一半球上分别有运动区、体觉区、视觉区、听觉区、联合区等神经中枢。由此可见，大脑两半球是对称的。 在神经传导的运作上，两半球相对的神经中枢，彼此配合，发生交叉作用:两半球的运动区对身体部位的管理，是左右交叉、上下倒置的;两半球的视觉区与两眼的关系是:左半球视觉区管理两眼视网膜的左半，右半球视觉区管理两眼视网膜的右半;两半球的听觉区共同分担管理两耳传入的听觉信息。 两半球的联合区，分别发挥左右半球相关各区的联合功能。 在整个大脑功能上，两半球并不是各自独立的，两者之间仍具有交互作用;而交互作用的发挥，乃是靠胼胝体的连接，得以完成。 在正常情形之下，大脑两半球的功能是分工合作的，在两半球之间，由神经纤维构成的胼胝体，负责沟通两半球的信息。如果将胼胝体切断，大脑两半球被分割开来，各半球的功能陷入孤立，缺少相应的合作，在行为上会失去统合作用。 人类大脑的两半球，在功能划分上，大体上是左半球管右半身，右半球管左半身。每一半球的纵面，在功能上也有层次之分，原则上是上层管下肢，中层管躯干，下层管头部。如此形成上下倒置，左右分叉的微妙构造。在每一半球上，有各自分区为数个神经中枢，每一中枢各有其固定的区域，分区专司形成大脑分化而又统合的复杂功能。在区域的分布上，两半球并不完全相同:其中布氏语言区与威氏语言区，只分布在左脑半球，其他各区则两半球都有。 小脑(cerebellum)是后脑的最大部分，也是中枢神经系统中仅次于大脑的第二大器官。略呈卵圆形，位于脑桥和延髓背侧，三者之间有一空腔即第四脑室。小脑中部狭窄，称为小脑蚓部;两侧膨大，称为小脑半球。小脑面被一层灰质覆盖，称为小脑皮质(或小脑皮层)。皮质上具有多数横行的浅沟和较深的沟和裂，把小脑分成许多小叶。小脑内部为由神经纤维构成的白质，称为小脑髓质。髓质中心埋藏有数个灰质核团，称为小脑中央核，其中最大的一个叫齿状核。小脑与低位脑干有双向纤维联系，所以小脑可调节躯体运动，并与前庭核、红核等共同调节肌紧张，调节躯体反射活动。小脑与大脑也有双向纤维联系，因此小脑对随p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Bank's records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approval 意动作起着调节作用，使动作的力量、快慢与方向得到精确的控制。此外，小脑 对植物性反射中枢也有调节作用。 脑干的功能主要是维持个体生命，包括心跳、呼吸、消化、体温、睡眠等重要生 理功能，均与脑干的功能有关。经由脊髓传至脑的神经冲动，呈交叉方式进入: 来自脊髓右边的冲动，先传至脑干的左边，然后再送入大脑;来自脊髓左边者， 先送入脑干的右边，再传到大脑 p the right to recovery of principal and interest and costs; Waiver of recourse against the party of individual credit rights; Behavior of other claims against the Bank. The Agency shall, in accordance with the Bank's records management systems requirements, regulate the collection, safekeeping of personal credit file, pay attention to the following risks: customers based on incomplete information; Review and approval