妊娠毒血症

妊娠毒血症 Lowbwt data set in Pagano & Gauvreau, p.485 100 low birth weight infants born in Boston, MA. Sbp: systolic blood pressure Sex: infant’s sex; 1:male; 0, female. Tox: Toxemia (妊娠毒血症) during pregnancy for the child’s mother; 1, yes; 0, no. Grmhem is a dichotomus random variable indicating whether an infant experienced a germinal matrix hemorrhage:胚胎原膜出血:; 1, yes; 0, no Gestage: gestational age in weeks Apgar5: infants’ 5-minute apgar scores 請詳細回答下列問題,且每一個問題都必須註明每組樣本數(n), 1. 利用Pagano Chpaters 2 and 3的方法,描述並檢視sbp, gestage, apgar5這3個變數的分佈是否服 從常態分配,是否有遺失值(missing values)或極端值(outliers), 2. 用統計圖或統計量,描述並檢查男女嬰的sbp,gestage,apgar5資料的分佈是否相同, 3. 男女嬰的母親罹患妊娠毒血症的比例是否相同, 4. 罹患妊娠毒血症的母親與健康的母親,懷孕週數是否一樣, 5. 罹患妊娠毒血症的母親與健康的母親,生下來的嬰兒性別、罹患胚胎原膜出血的情形,與sbp、 Apgar5是否相同, The Apgar score is a test used to measure the vital signs of a baby at birth. Virginia Apgar, M.D. (1909-1974) introduced the Apgar score in 1952. This test is a screening tool for health-care providers to determine what assistance is immediately necessary to help a newborn stabilize. A score of seven to 10 is normal and indicates your newborn is in good condition. Mucus may need to be suctioned from the baby's airway. A score of 10 is very unusual. Almost all newborns lose one point for blue hands and feet. Any score less than seven indicates your baby needs assistance stabilizing and health-care personnel should take appropriate action, for example, helping the infant breathe. The Apgar score may be repeated at 10 minutes and later to assess the effectiveness of the intervention or treatment. 1. Heart Rate: a. Absent heartbeat = 0. b. Slow heartbeat (less than 100 beats per minute) = 1. c. Adequate heartbeat (more than 100 beats per minute) = 2. 2. Respiration: a. Not breathing = 0. b. Weak cry, irregular breathing = 1. c. Strong cry = 2. 3. Muscle Tone: a. Limp, flaccid = 0. b. Some flexing or bending = 1. c. Active motion = 2. 4. Response to Stimulation (also called Reflex Irritability): a. No response = 0. b. Grimace = 1. c. Vigorous cry or withdrawal = 2. 5. Color: a. Pale or blue = 0. b. Normal color body but blue extremities = 1. c. Normal color = 2.