初中宾语从句直接引语间接引语讲解练习及答案

初中语法全解 初二（下）宾语从句、直接引语、间接引语 (一). 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或 形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语 和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? →He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? →I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there.→He asked me whether (if) I could help him. (二). 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如： I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting. (三). 宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。 如：I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 练习： Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 1、I don’t know if\what I’m going do do. 2、She wants to know why\how long I’ve known my best friend. 3、I can’t decide whether\that I should go to the party or not 4、He can’t remember who\when last saw his old friends. 5、My parents don’tknow where\that you called. 6、Can I ask you how long\whether you like living in China. (四).直接引语与间接引语 引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词与主句联接。 直接引语变间接引语： 1、变人称（动词的变化可根据实际情况，可用say, tell, ask, beg等） ①如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句的人称变化。 She said, “My brother wants to go shopping with me.” She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. ②如果从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?” He asked to Kate how her sister was then. He said, “You are too clever.” He said to me I was too clever. He said he was too clever. He asked, “Is your father older than your mother?” He asked me if my father is older than my mother. ③如果从句中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 Mr. Smith said, “Jack (he) is a good student.” →Mr. Smith said Jack (he) was a good boy. 2、变时态 主句时态为一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时态要做相应的变化： 一般现在时变为一般过去时, 现在进行时变为过去进行时, 一般将来时变为过去将来时 现在完成时变为过去完成时, 一般过去时变为过去完成时, 过去完成时仍为过去完成时 过去进行时仍为过去进行时   某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：   　 直接引语            　间接引语 　   today              that day 　   now               　then, at that moment 　   yesterday      　     　  the day before 　   the day before yesterday  　 　    　two days before 　   tomorrow      　   　      the next day /the following day 　   the day after tomorrow    　    two days after, / in two days   next week/ month etc      　 the next  week/month etc   　last week/ month etc      　  the week / month etc. before   　here        　     　  there   　this        　       that   　these            　   those   　come        　       go   　bring        　       take 以下情况时态不变 主句时态为各种现在时或一般将来时 He says, “I cleaned the room.” →  He says he cleaned the room. 直接引语是客观真理 The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” →  The teacher said the earth moves around the sun. 直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式 The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” →The doctor said I should better stay in bed for 2 days. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语 Jack said, “I was born on April 21, 1980.” →  Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980. ⑤直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变成间接引语时态不变。   He said, “I get up at six every morning.” →  He said he gets up at six every morning. 3、变状语 时间状语变化：now 变为then；yesterday变为the day before; today 变为that day. He said, “I want to go swimming now.” →He said he wanted to go swimming then. 地点状语变化(尤其表示方向性的)：here 变为there He said, “You should come here at 7:00.” →He said I should go there at 7:00. 指示代词变化：this 变为that He said, “This book is mine.” →He said that book was his. 4、变句型 ①陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。 He said, “I’m very glad.” →He said that he was very glad. 一般疑问句变为以if(whether)引导的宾语从句。 He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?” →He asked if (whether) John could come that afternoon. 特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when等疑问句引导的宾语从句。 He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?” →  He said where Mr. Wang was. 直接引语是祈使句变为tell（ask, order, beg等）sb. (not) to do sth.句型 “Open the door, please,” said she. (Mary said) →She asked him (me) to open the door. 直接引语是let’s开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词或从句 He said, “Let’s go to see the movies.”   →He suggested going to see the movies.   →He suggested that they should go to see the movies. 练习： 一、把下列的间接引语改为直接引语 1、 Billy said that he loved football. 2、 Mark said that he didn’t enjoy football at all. 3、 Jane said she liked watching football on TV. 4、 Tom and Mike said they played football at the weekends. 二、把下列的直接引语改为间接引语。 1、Mike said,“We’re walking under the bridge.” 2、Lucy said ,“The boy are running.” 3、Tom said,“They’re climbing the mountain.” 练习 一、单想选择 1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?   A. what will Tom do    B. what did Tom do    C. what Tom will do    D. what Tom did 2. I want to know_________.   A. what is his name      B. what’s his name  C. that his name is      D. what his name is 3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?   A. that    B. whether  C. what    D. which 4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.   A. which is the way to the museum    B. why his wife always goes shopping   C. what is the way to the museum      D. why does she always go shopping 5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?   A. that    B. whose    C. who    D. which 6. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.   A. when does his son come home    B. when his son comes home   C. when did his son come home      D. when his son came home 7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?   A. how does he mend      B. how he mends  C. how he mended    D. how did he mend 8. ---I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive?   ---Usually it comes by 4: 00.   A. how    B. where    C. when    D. what 9. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?   ---Certainly. Go straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.   A. how we can get to the post office    B. how can we get to the post office   C. how get to the post office          D. how could we get to the post office 10. ---Can I help you?   ---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?   A. how soon will it    B. how soon it will  C. how long it will      D. how long will it 11. He wanted to know ___________.   A. whether he speaks at the meeting        B. when the meeting would start   C. what he’s going to do at the meeting      D. where would the meeting be held 12. ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden?   ---The day after tomorrow, I think.   A. when will you visit      B. when you will visit   C. when would you visit    D. when you would visit 13. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang?   A. what should we do      B. we should do what   C. what we should do      D. should we do what 14. You can’t imagine _________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.   A. how they were excited  B. how excited they were   C. how excited were they  D. they were how excited 15. I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.   A. that    B. when    C. where    D. whether 16. ---Could you tell me ____________?   ---Sorry, I don’t know. I was not at the meeting.   A. what does he say at the meeting    B. what did he say at the meeting   C. what he says at the meeting      D. what he said at the meeting 17. ---Could you tell me _________ last night?   ---Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.   A. what you were doing    B. what were you doing   C. what you are doing      D. what are you doing 18. The teacher asked the students __________.   A. if they were interested in dinosaurs   B. when was Albert Einstein born   C. what they will do with the computers   D. how many trees they have planted 19. Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken.   A. they had had      B. have they had    C. they have had    D. had they had 20. It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road.   A. how    B. why    C. that    D. when 二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子 1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。   Li Ming says __________ __________ interested in playing computer games. 2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。   I don’t think Mary _________ _________. 3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。   Sam told me that he __________ __________ for Shanghai. 4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？   Could you tell me __________ I can get to the Bell Tower? 5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。   Father said that he ___________ ___________ a new computer.. 6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。   I want to know ____________ there is a train to Beijing. 7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？   Do you know _________ __________ a double room _________? 8. 请你告诉我我们外出多长 时间好吗？   Could you tell me ______ ______ we’re going to be away? 9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。   Uncle said that he _________ __________ a new novel. 10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。   Jack said he __________ something important to do. 课外作业 直接引语与间接引语练习 请将下面的直接引语变成间接引语： 1．“I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _________ never _________ meat. 2. “I have found my wallet.” he said to me. He _________ me that he _________ _________ _________ wallet. 3. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun _________ in the east and _________ down in the west. 4. “You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I _________ to go _________ before five. 5. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there 6. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked ________ _________ knew where she _________. 7. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _________the children _________ _________making so much noise. 8. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said. She told me __________ _________ _________ him the news. 9. “Are you interested in this?” he said. He _________ _________ I was interested in _________. 10、“I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _________ _________ __________ it home with ________. 11、“I met her yesterday.” He said to me. He _________ me that he _________ met _______  ________  _________. 12、“I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he __________ bought the house 10 years __________. 13、He asked, “How did you find it, mother.” He asked her mother _________ _________ _________ found it. 14、“Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me __________ __________ __________been __________ days. 宾语从句练习答案 一. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C    6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C    11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D    16.D 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.A 二. 1.he is 2.will come 3.was leaving 4.how 5.had bought 6.if (whether) 7.how much 8.how long 9.was writing 10.had