☆肝片吸虫病

☆肝片吸虫病 肝片吸虫病Liver Fluke Disease(Hepatic Facioliasis) Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Ren Xiaoling 病因/发病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis •肝片吸虫(普通肝片吸虫)和大片形吸虫 Faciola hepatica (common liver fluke) and Faciola gigantica •巨大肝片形吸虫 Fascioloides magna (giant liver fluke) •童虫引起突然肝脏损害 Acute liver damage caused by immature flukes •成虫引起慢性肝损害和胆管堵塞 Chronic liver damage and bile duct obstruction caused by mature fluke 危险因素 Risk Factors •带虫动物和污染的牧草 Carrier animals contaminating pasture •潮湿的地区 Wet areas 生活史 Life cycle •虫卵随粪便排出，在水中孵化 Eggs passed in feces and hatch in water •寄生于椎实螺属的小螺 Infest lymnaid snails •囊蚴附着植物上被宿主吃掉 Encyst on vegetation and eaten by host •穿过消化道和肝囊 Penetrate intestine then liver capsule •进入胆管，成熟和排卵 Enter bile duct, mature and lay eggs •在胆管内生活 Live in bile ducts 临床症状 Clinical Findings •消瘦，萎靡不振，被毛粗糙 Emaciation, unthrifty and rough hair coat •绵羊较严重 Much more serious in sheep •贫血，水肿，腹水，死亡 Anemia, edema, ascites and death •乳牛可能无临床症状 Cows may show no clinical signs 诊断 Diagnosis •粪便中可见有囊盖的卵圆形的虫卵 Operculated, oval eggs in feces 鉴别诊断 Differential Diagnosis •其他体内寄生虫 Other internal parasites •Johne’s疾病 Johne’s disease 实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology •贫血 Anemia •肝脏损坏，肝脏酶升高 Elevated liver enzymes from liver damage •吸虫移行至肝脏后留下瘢痕Scars from migrating flukes in liver 治疗 Treatment •三氯苯达唑(12mg/kg) Tricloabendazole (12 mg/kg) •氯舒隆(20mg/kg) Clorsulon (20 mg/kg) 后遗症 Sequelae , 肝脏损坏继发杆菌性血红蛋白尿(溶血梭芽胞杆菌) Secondary bacillary hemoglobinuria (Clostridium hemolytica) caused by liver damage 预防 Prevention & Control •粪便远离可能有小螺的沼泽地 Fence off swampy areas where snails might be •绵羊间隔8—11周进行驱虫(三氯苯达唑) Treat for flukes @ 8-11 week intervals in sheep (Tricloabendazole) •奶牛在干奶期预防 Treat milking cows at dry off