宝宝吃什么奶粉好呢

宝宝吃什么奶粉好呢 加减一阴煎水煎液对血管平滑肌缩舒活动的影响 中山医学院临床医学系 魏峰 梁常艳 谢斯栋 摘要: 目的 观察加减一阴煎水煎液对大鼠主动脉平滑肌缩舒活动的影响,以此探讨加减一阴煎制剂在拟雌激素抗AS的可能机制。: 采用离体血管环张力实验法～观察加减一阴煎水煎液对NE、KCl、AngII引起的血管肌条收缩的影响以及与血管内皮细胞的关系。 结果:,1,加减一阴煎水煎液能使由NE、KCL、AngII预收缩的内皮完整的血管环舒张～也能使由NE、KCl、AngII预收缩的去内皮血管环舒张～其舒张幅度较内皮完整时为小～但P>0.05.(2) 加减一阴煎水煎液在0.3/10浓度时开始有舒张血管作用～0.9/10为作用最强浓度。 结论 加减一阴煎水煎液能使由NE、KCl、AngII预收缩的血管环舒张～此作用与内皮关系不大～其机理有待进一步研究。 关键词:加减一阴煎 离体主动脉条 内皮细胞 [1]研究明雌激素具有广泛的心血管保护作用, 临床上使用雌激素替代疗法可有效的减少绝经期妇女的AS的发病率，但雌激素的长期使用但也会带来如子宫内膜癌和乳腺癌等严重副作用。如何在发挥雌激素的保护作用同时，减少它的副作用是亟需解决的问。研究表明:许多植物中含有植物雌激素，如异黄酮、β,谷甾醇等，它们既有拟雌激素样的作用，同时还具有心血管保护作用。以明代《景岳全》中名方一阴煎为主方的加减一阴煎主要通过其滋阴补血的功效来治疗治疗妇女的月经不调的疾病，现代有人将它用于中药人工周期来治疗卵巢功能早衰继发性闭经，表明加减一阴煎具有恢复卵巢功能的作用，具有拟雌激素样的作用。 加减一阴煎主要是由生地、熟地、白芍、麦冬、黄精、知母、地骨皮、牛膝和炙甘草组成，滋阴补血，活血逐瘀的功效。冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病是AS的常见类型，中医将之归为“真心痛”、“胸痹”范畴，总的病机可概括为本虚标实，本虚是指气血虚，气虚则营虚，血不足则胸中冷，血虚则气不生，气不生则脉不通。目前临床上用于治疗AS的中药方剂主 [2]要集中在活血化瘀药和里气、补气药上，而对养阴补血方面研究甚少。对于广大绝经期妇女而言，往往有阴虚内热之症，因此本实验从从中医养阴补血理论出发，观察加减一阴煎对离体大鼠主动脉条舒缩活动的影响，以及与内皮细胞的关系。 1 实验材料与方法 1.1 药物:加减一阴煎水煎液、重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素(1ml:2mg)、血管紧张素II、KCl溶 液、Krebs液(mmol/L: NaCl 118.3, KCl 4.7, MgCl2 •6H2O 2.5, CaCl2 2.5,KH2PO4 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 1.2,NaHCO3 25.0,Ca-Na EDTA 0.03,Glucose 11.1) 1.2 动物:健康SD大鼠，雌雄不拘，250g左右，购自中山医科大学动物中心。 1.3 方法:实验时，用颈椎脱臼法处死大鼠，迅速打开胸腔，小心分离胸主动脉，截取胸 主动脉约1.5cm, 置盛有37?的Krebs液的平皿中，去掉血管表面结缔组织，制备成约 3mm长的的环型血管标本。在一部分实验中，取其中一些标本用小镊子穿入血管经滚动 破坏内皮，将血管环悬挂于37?Krebs液的浴槽中，通入95% O2和5%LCO2的混合气体， 连接张力传感器，记录血管环张力的变化。基础张力为1.5g，经平衡2h后，加入10μ mol/L NE 作用15分钟，记录血管环张力变化数值。然后冲洗使血管张力恢复至基线， 稳定30min后给予中药制剂，记录数值。再利用KCl及血管紧张素?作同样实验，并记 录数值。上述实验过程将分别在有无血管内皮情况下进行。内皮是否去除，用 10umol/lACH能否引起舒张反应来判定。 1.4 统计学处理:所有数据以x?s表示，用t检验，p,0.05示有显著性差异，p,0.01 示有极显著性差异。 2. 结果 图1:内皮完整血管NE预收缩后加中药结果 1.2 1 0.8 第一组0.6第二组 0.4收缩力(g) 0.2 0 017 分钟 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 图2:去内皮血管NE预收缩后加中药 1.2 1 0.8 第一组0.6第二组 0.4 血管收缩力(g) 0.2 0 0 分钟 图3:内皮完整血管AngII预收缩后加中药结果 1.6 1.4 1.2 1第一组 0.8第二组 0.6 0.4血管收缩力(g) 0.2 0 017 分钟 图4:去内皮血管AngII预收缩后加中药 2.5 2 1.5第一组 第二组1 0.5血管收缩力(g) 0 0 分钟 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 图5:内皮完整血管KCL预收缩后加中药 1.2 1 0.8 第一组0.6第二组 0.4 0.2血管收缩力(g) 0 0 分钟 图6:去内皮血管KCL预收缩后加中药 1 0.8 0.6第一组 第二组0.4 血管收缩力(g)0.2 0 0 分钟 图7:中药量效曲线 1.4 1.2 1NE预收缩后加药 0.8量效 0.6AngII预收缩后加 药量效0.4 血管收缩力(g) 0.2 0 0 0.1剂量(/10) 0.3 0.5 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 2.1 从图(1-6)可见，具有完整内皮或去内皮的血管环在用NE、KCL或血管紧张素预收缩后， 加入有效剂量的加减一阴煎水煎液，可见张力时间曲线下降，提示张力随时间变化而减 小，说明该药能明显地舒张血管，缓解血管紧张症状。因此，该药能对抗这种血管收缩， 内皮完整和去内皮之间无明显差异，推论此效应可能来自中药直接对平滑肌的作用。 2.2 从图7的药物作用量效关系曲线中可见，该药的能引起血管舒张的最低有效浓度是0.3/10，0.9/10为作用最强浓度。 3. 讨论 [1]很多报道都表明:雌激素具有广泛的心血管保护作用, 雌激素可保护内皮功能和抑制 [2]血管平滑肌细胞的增殖， 临床上使用雌激素替代疗法可有效的减少绝经期妇女的AS的发病率。但雌激素的长期使用但也会带来如子宫内膜癌和乳腺癌等严重副作用。所以我们努力寻求一种安全的植物性拟雌激素制剂，以此达到抗AS的效果。目前临床上用于治疗AS的中 [3]药方剂主要集中在活血化瘀药和里气、补气药上，而对养阴补血方面研究甚少。对于广大绝经期妇女而言，往往有阴虚内热之症，加减一阴煎主要通过其滋阴补血的功效来治疗治疗妇女的月经不调的疾病，这是雌激素疗法的一个良好补充。 药物可通过舒张血管平滑肌、扩张血管内径的途径来达到抗AS的效果。在本次实验中，观察到加减一阴煎水煎液能够舒张经NE或血管紧张素预收缩后的血管环标本，且此种作用并不依赖于内皮，可推论得出该药剂是由舒张血管平滑肌，对动脉平滑肌缩舒活动产生影响 道和β2受体，两者激活可引起血管来达致其效果的。已知血管平滑肌胞膜上存在KATP通 [4]平滑肌的舒张。本实验观察到加减一阴煎水煎液对血管平滑肌的舒张的促进，有可能是通过激活血管平滑肌上KATP通道和β2受体，使膜超极化，引起钙通道的关闭，使钙离子内流减少，进而引起血管舒张。具体机制仍待进一步阐明。 当体内病变导致血管紧张素?、NE等缩血管激素分泌，造成血管收缩时，即可通过该中药制剂的作用，舒张血管。可见，加减一阴煎是有着广阔的应用前景的。 参考文献 [2] 谈智、王庭槐、杨丹等，17β-雌二醇抑制内皮素诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖作用。中国应用生理学杂志，2001，17(3):74,77。 [3] 钱振维，活血化瘀与冠心病，全国胸痹病(冠心病)学术研讨会论文集.1992.17. [1] Reis SE, Gloth ST, Blumenthal RS et al. Ethinylestradiol acutely application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women[J]. Circulation, 1994; 89; 52-60. [4] Bradydane JE, Quayle JM, Standen NB et al. Role of potassium channels in the vascular response to endogenous and pharmacological vasodilators. Blood Vessels, 1991; 28; 147-153 application; infection and antibacterial drug of clinical application; transfusion refers to levy; nutrition support of adapted card and clinical application; common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; common guardianship instrument using. Look: shock, cardiac respiratory arrest and acute organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), severe disturbance of body fluid environment such as critical theory and progress of the illness. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: severe pneumonia in disease-disease myocardial infarction ... 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species: disease species disease species image radiation: rheumatic heart congenital heart intestinal Crohn's (Crohn) disease intestinal tuberculosis bile duct cancer chronic pancreatic inflammatory urinary system stone urinary system tumor adrenal disease thyroid disease cranial within infection nervous system tumor nuclear medical: Digest road bleeding explicit like brain blood flow perfusion explicit like testicular blood pool explicit like salivary glands explicit like (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: understand various image check