专业英语填空与翻译题

专业英语填空与翻译题 英译中 1.Engineering graduates have to pass an examination, similar the bar examinations for a lawyer. 工程专业毕业生必须通过考试，就类似于律师要通过职业考试。 2.In the engineering curriculum, a current trend is to require students to take course in social sciences. 在工程课程中，当今一个潮流就是要选修社会科学课程 3.The relationship between engineering and society is getting closer. 工程学和社会学的关系变得越来越密切 4.The student who is preparing to become a civil engineer may deal with such subjects as geodetic surveying etc. 一个想成为土木工程师的学生，或许需要学习大地测量等课程。 5.young engineers may choose to go into environmental or sanitary engineering.. 年轻的工程师可以选择环境或卫生工程 6.On-the-job training can be acquired that will demonstrate his or her ability to translate theory into practice to the supervisors. 在职将使主管人了解他将理论运用于实践的能力 7.The civil engineer may work in research, design ,maintenance ,even in sales op management. 土木工程师可以从事研究，设计，养护甚至于销售或管理工作 8.Research is one of the most important aspects of scientific and engineering practice. 研究是科研和工程实践中最重要的方面之一 9.As we have seen, civil engineers work on many different kinds of structures practice 正如我们所知，土木工程师可从事有关建筑方面的多种工作 10.Civil engineers were necessary in the design and construction of such structures as launching pads 设计和建设像发射台这样的建筑需要土木工程师的参与 11.Many civil engineers therefore specialize in the construction phase. 许多土木工程师因此专攻施工方面工作 12.Bridge,tunnels,and skyscrapers under construction can also be dangerous places to work. 在桥梁，隧道，摩天大楼，地下建筑中工作也同样存在危险 13.These great buildings were not the product of knowledge of mathematics and physics. 这些伟大的建筑物不是数学和物理知识的产物 14.Many of these great buildings built in earlier ages were poorly constructed and sometimes collapsed with considerable loss of life 许多早期的建筑物建筑水平不高，有时甚至会倒塌造成巨大的人员伤亡 15.Since the structures designed by civil engineers are intended to be stationary or stable, these forces must be kept in balance. 土木工程师设计的目的就是使建筑物的结构稳定，所以建筑物伤各方力都必须平衡 16.If a beam supports a load above, the beam itself must have sufficient strength to counterbalance that weight 一旦梁上面有负载，那么这根梁必须有足够的强度来支撑这个负载 17.Forces that might pull the structure around must be countered with forces that pull in the opposite direction. 建筑物四周的受力必须与反方向的力平衡 18. the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge was the result of not considering the last of these factors. Tacoma Narrows 桥倒塌是由于没有考虑到这些因素中的最后一个 19. It is now common practice to test scale models of bridges in wind tunnels for aerodynamic resistance. 现在的通常作法是按比例缩小的桥梁模型放在风洞里检测它们的空气动力抵抗力 20. Steel and concrete complement each other in another way 钢筋和混凝土可以在另一方面互补 21. Acid corrodes steel, whereas concrete has an alkaline chemical reaction the opposite of acid. 酸可以腐蚀钢，而混凝土中有一种碱性化学反应，可以中和酸化作用 22. Aluminum beams have already been used for bridge construction and for the framework of a few buildings. 铝制梁已在桥梁建筑及一些建筑的框架中使用 23. Attempts are also being made to produce concrete with more strength and durability and with a lighter weight. 1 现在，人们在尝试生产一些强度更高，使用寿命更长，重量更轻的混凝土 24.Another advantage is that steel does not rust in concrete. 另外一个优点，就是钢筋不会在混凝土中腐蚀 25.The word contract is derived from the Latin contractum meaning drawn together. (contract)一词来自拉丁语contracturn,意思是结合在一起 26.We all enter into contracts almost everyday for supply goods, transportation and similar services. 我们差不多每天都要处理合同，如供货，运输以及类似服务 27.A contract has been defined as an agreement which creates and contemplate an obligation. 订立合同就是达成有关责任和义务的协议 28.In general, English law requires no special formalities in making contracts. 一般来说，按照英国法律，订立合同并不需要特殊的手续 29.The contract terms are set out in writing in a document. 合同条款写成面文件 30.Thus by setting down the terms of a contract in writhing one secures avoiding dis putes. 这样，把合同条款写下来以避免发生争议 31.No payment is due until the work is complete. 完工后付款 32.The contractor is not entitled to receive payment in full until the work is satisfactorily completed 在工程没有达到满意地完成以前，承包人得不到全部应付款 33.The employer might be able to postpone indefinitely his liability to pay for the works. 业主可以无限期延迟付给工程款 34.The promoter of civil engineering works normally determines the conditions of contract 通常由土木工程的发包人确定合同的条款 35The obligations that a contractor accepts when he submits a tender are determined by the form of the invitation to tender. 承包人在提交标书时他锁应负的责任是邀标书中的。 36The employer is entitled to know the reasoning underlying the engineer’s choice of contract. 业主有权了解工程师在选择合同时所根据的理由 37.Construction plans and specifications stipulate many requirements that are to be met by materials or construction procedures 施工图纸和规定了材料或施工过程应该满足的许多要求 38.There are two basically different control procedures for assuring a specified embankment density 确保规定的路堤密度有两种不同的基本控制步骤 39.The accepted procedure is to remove practically all vegetable matter from the original ground and from fill material 采用的方法是，从原地面和填料中清除几乎全部的植物 40. Today,engineers agree that proper embankment construction requires that the soiled spread in layers, moisture or dried to something near an optimum moisture content, and compacted 现在，工程师一直认为合理的路堤施工要求土壤分层摊铺，洒湿或晾干至接近最佳含水量并压实 41.The second procedure is to state the manner and method for constructing the embankment 第二个步骤是叙述铺筑陆地的方式和方法 42. Layered construction resulted in greater uniformity in the material itself and in its density and moisture content 分层施工能得到更好的密度、含水量以及材料本身的均匀性 43. Unless there is a bridge, tunnel, or other special structure, this roadbed is constructed of is-situ soils or on earth embankments 只要没有桥、隧道或其他特殊建筑，路基就可以建在土堤上。 44. Building it is the first step in producing a finished facility 建筑物是提供完美设施的第一步。 45. Selective clearing in adjoining areas may at time be required 在需要的时候，在道路的连接处，进行一些有选择的清理是有必要的。 2 46.Clearing site sometimes can involve removing trees and tree stumps and disposing of the debris 清理场地有时包括搬移树、树桩和处理碎屑。 47.Selection of equipment depends on the nature of the material, how far it is to be moved, and the method of disposal 设备的选择取决于材料的性质、需搬移的距离以及处理的方式。 48.Loaders and shovels easily dig common excavation without blasting 装载机和挖土机能够不需爆破就进行普通的挖掘。 49.Traffic accidents take a tremendous toll of human lives, personal property, and cause untold grief and misery 交通事故使人类生命、财产蒙受巨大损失，带来数不尽的悲伤和痛苦。 50.The vehicles involved in all crashes,5% were reported defective and 8% were so reported in fatal accidents 据报告,在所有撞车事故中,5%的车辆存在缺陷,8%的涉及死亡事故的车辆也是有缺陷的。 51.Numerous publications have been prepared on the subject of road design and control for highway safety 有关道路设计及其安全控制问题，已出版了众多著作。 52.The advent of high speed divided roads has created patterns design for draining 分道行驶的高速公路的出现，对于与天的道路表面带来了新问题。 53.Modern tires have been developed with tread patterns design for draining 新式轮胎的胎面带有排水的花纹。 54.The importance of safety in all modes of transportation, especially highway safety is well recognized 对所有现代运输的安全重要行，特别是高速公路的安全行，大家已形成了公识。 55.The actual degree of safety one experiences on a give highway is determined by decision made on many different levels 在某条高速公路上所感受到的真实安全度，是由许多不同的影响安全的因素决定的。 56.Safe highways are expensive and it appears that the driving public does not want safe highways 安全的高速公路造价昂贵，而看起来驾驶人员也并不喜欢安全的高速公路。 57.There, to prevent vehicle malfunction, mandatory motor vehicle inspection programs are being enforced 因此，为了避免车辆发生故障，机动车辆检查项目是强制实施的。 58.Stop lights, backup lights, and four-way emergency flashers also aid in vehicles safety 停车灯、倒车灯和紧急闪烁灯也是有助于车辆安全的。 59.The life span and response of breaks have been vastly improved 制动器的使用寿命和灵敏度有了很大提高。 60.Therefore, highway improvement is also a key factor in preventing accidents 因此，高速公路的改进也是避免交通事故发生的关键因素。 中译英 271. 工程是一种专业，也就是说工程师必须受过专业大学教育。 Engineering is a profession, which means that an engineer must have a specialized university education. 272. 统计学中的重要部分是概率论。 An important aspect of statistical mathematics is probability. 273. 以为未来的土木工程师应当意识到将要对他(她)提出的体力要求。 The prospective civil engineer should be aware of the physical demands that will be made on him or her . 274. 由于施工会很危险，所以安全因素必须考虑在内。 Safety factors must also be taken into account ,since construction can be very dangerous . 275. 当然，计算机能比人更快捷、精确的解决许多有关计算问题。 Computers, of course, can solve many problems involving calculations with greater speed and accuracy than a human being can. 276. 差不多在所有工程项目中，施工是一个复杂的过程。 Construction is a complicated process on almost all engineering projects. 277. 许多早期的伟大建筑物仍然存在或者在使用。 Many great buildings built in earlier ages are still in existence and in use . 278. 再设计结构时，现代工程师必须考虑到所有材料的总重量。 3 When a modern engineer plans a structure, he takes into account the total weight of all its component materials. 279. 在用锯毫不费力地锯开一块木头时，木头是受拉的。 When a saw cuts easily through a piece of wood, the wood is in tension. 280(水平力必须彼此平衡。 The horizontal forces must be equal to each other. 281(钢和混凝土又几乎相同的收缩率和膨胀率。 Steel and concrete have almost the same rate of contraction and expansion. 282. 率比不锈钢轻得多，但又具有许多不锈钢的特性。 Aluminum weighs much less than stainless steel but has many of the same properties. 283. 我们不需要进行复杂冗长的谈判。 We do not need to enter into lengthy or complicated negotiations. 284. 合同各方同意做某些事，如果当事人一方未能履行协议中规定的义务，他应承担违约责任。 Each party to the contract has agreed to do something, and is liable for breach of contract if he fails to perform his part of agreement. 285. 这些合同中，值得注意的是土地转让合同。 Notable among these contracts are contracts are contracts for the sale and disposal of land. 286(当某人在文件上签字以后，他就被认为已阅读并同意文件的内容。 Once a person has signed a document he is assumed to have read and approved its contents. 287. 承包商必须按照合同的条款履行自己的责任。 The conditions of contract define the obligations and performances to which the contractor will be subject. 288(雇主一般不受报价最低的投标者或任何投标者约束。 The employer does not usually bind himself to accept the lowest or shovel into trucks or other hauling waits . 289. 土石方设备的选择主要决定于材料的性质和运距。 The selection of earth working equipments is primarily depended upon the nature of the materials and the haul distances. 290. 岩石必须首先凿眼、爆破，然后用装卸机或挖土机装入货车或其他的运输设备。 Rock must be drilled and blasted, then loaded with loader or shovel into trucks or other hauling waits. 291. 推土机、铲运机和自卸汽车的经济运距各不相同。 The economical haul distances of bulldozers scrapers and dump trucks are different. 292. 合理的路堤施工要求土壤分层摊铺，在接近最佳含水量时压实。 The proper embankment construction requires that the soil be spread in layers, and compacted at a moisture content near optimum. 293(松动的岩石接着用拖式铲运设备来处理，就像处理“普通土”挖方一样。 The loosened rock is then handled by tractor-scraper units as is done with “common” excavation. 294. 材料通常分为“岩石”，“松石”或“普通土”,“普通土”表示另两类之外的所有材料。 Materials are usually described as “rock” , “loose rock”, or “common”, with “common” signifying all material not otherwise classified. 295. 交通事故时指由于车辆在交通中引起人员伤亡或物质损失。 A traffic accident denotes the event in which personal injury or death or property damage is caused by vehicles in traffic. 296. 交通事故按其严重程度一般可分为死亡、重伤、轻伤和物质损失。 Traffic accidents can be grouped as death ,serious and light injury, and property damage according to their severity . 297. 交通事故的原因主要包括人、车辆、道路和环境因素。 Causes of traffic accidents are principally related to person, the vehicle, the road, and the environment . 298. 为了生产更安全和在撞车事故中少受损坏的车辆，汽车制造商和研究人员做出了很大的努力。 Automobile manufactures and researchers make great efforts to produce safer and less damaged vehicles in collision events . 299. 平曲线半径、交叉口设计等都是影响交通安全的重要因素。 Radii of horizontal ,designs of intersections are important factors in traffic safety . 300. 也许真正需要的是交通事故和交通安全之间的均衡。 Perhaps what is really wanted is a balance between traffic accidents and safety. 4 填空 1.Areas of research connected with civil engineering include soil mechanics and soil stabilization techniques. 2.Thus, on-the-job training can be acquired to translate theory into practice to the supervisors. 3.Engineers often work as consultants to architectural or construction firms. 4.Large projects ordinarily employ several engineers whose work is coordinated by a systems engineer 5.An important aspect of statistical mathematics is probability 6.Young engineers may choose to go into environmental or sanitary engineering. 7.The weight of the structure itself is known as dead load 8. Modern cement, called Portland cement ,was invented in 1824 9. prestressed concrete is an improved form of reinforcement. 10.As a structural material, the enormous advantage of steel is its tensile strength . 11.When planning a structure, an engineer must take into account four factors; dead load, live load ,impact and safety factor. 12.The three forces that can act on a structure are vertical force, horizontal force ,and those that act upon it with a rotating or turning motion. 13.A simple contract consists of an agreement entered into by two or more parties. 14.The word contract is derived from the Latin contractum, meaning drawn together. 15.This sum is known as ' retention money' and serves to insure the employer against any defects that may arise in the work. 16.One party to the contract is liable for breach of contract if he fails to perform his part of the agreement. 17.It is sufficient in order to create a legally binding contract if the parities express their agreement and intention to enter into such a contract. 18.The contractor is not entitled to any payment if he abandons the work prior to completion and will be liable in damages for breach of contract. 19.Excavation is the process of loosening and removing earth or rock and transporting it to a fill or to a waste deposit 20. Clearing the site precedes all grading and most other construction operations. 21.Rock nearly always must be drilled and blasted then loaded with a front-end loader or power shovel into trucks or other hauling units. 22.Material for embankment commonly comes from roadway cuts or designated borrow areas . 23.No attempt was made to control moisture content or to secure compaction. 24.Loose rock includes materials such as weathered or rotten rock, or earth mixed with boulders. 25.Causes of automobile accidents can be categorized into four major groups the vehicle the road the driver the pedestrian . 26.The redesign of windshield wipers fresh air ventilating systems, had resulted in greater vehicle safety. 27.Another improvement in driver visibility is the introduction of the remote-controlled outside rearview mirror. 28.The safe performance of the brake system has been ensured by the use of heavy-duty brake fluid. 29.Relocation and reduction in height of the brake pedal has meant that the driver’s total reaction time has been reduced. 30.The new design standards require guard rails and other structures to lessen a vehicle's impact. 5