护理学英语

护理学英语 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) 慢性阻碍性肺病 Pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿 Shortness of breath气促;呼吸浅短 气短 Exhalation 呼气 Pursed lip breathing 噘起嘴唇呼吸 wheezing哮鸣音 Rales 啰音 barrel chest桶状胸 anorexia [,?n?'reksi?] 厌食;神经性厌食症 hypoxia [hai'p?ksi?] 组织缺氧; 低氧 productive cough排痰性咳嗽 nebulization [,nebulai'zei??n]雾化; 气化 intermittent positive breathing(IPPB) 间歇正压呼吸 diaphragmatic breathing膈式呼吸,腹式呼吸 chronic bronchitis慢性支气管 炎 mucus 粘液;黏液 dyspnea呼吸困难 hypoxemia 血氧不足 rhonchi 干罗音 cor pulmonale 肺心病 peripheral edema外周水肿 Bronchospasm支气管痉挛 Asthma哮喘 Diaphoresis出汗 Cyanosis发绀症 Subcutaneously皮下注射 Intracutaneous皮内的 Intravenous静脉内的 Intramuscular肌肉内的 Bronchodilators支气管扩张药;支气管扩张剂 Tuberculosis肺结核;结核病 risk factors: 危险因素 1) overcrowded,poor living conditions恶劣的生活条件过于拥挤 2) poor nutritional status营养不良状况 3) virulence of the organism机体的毒性 4) previous infection以前的感染 5) alcohol abuse酗酒 6) inadequate treatment of primary infection治疗原发性不足感染 7) close contact with infected person近距离接触被感染的人 hemoptysis医]咯血;[医]咳血 malaise心 神不安 night sweats盗汗;夜间盗汗 purified protein deriyative needle with beleve up induration硬结 skin rash皮疹 thrombocytopenia血小板减少(症) pneumonia肺炎 pneumococcal肺炎球菌 bronchopneumonia支气管肺炎 influenza流行性感冒 tachypnea呼吸急促 tachycardia心动过速;心跳过速 penicillin盘尼西林(青霉素) cephalosporin头孢菌素 bronchiectasis支气管扩张 measles麻疹;风疹 whooping cough百日咳 外科: Vomiting呕吐 Diarrhea腹泻，痢疾 Diuretics利尿剂 Fistulas瘘管 Congestive heart failure(CHF) 郁血性心衰竭 Cirrhosis硬化;肝硬化 Pitting edema压凹性水肿;压痕性水肿;指压性水肿 Acido酸的 Alkal Metabolic acidosis代谢性酸中毒 Tetany手足抽搐 Potassium钾 Sodlum Muscle cramping Respiratory acidosis Pulmonary edema Monitor arterial blood gases (ABGs) Syringe注射器, 注射筒 休克: Vasculature脉管系统 Circulatory (血液或汁液)循环的 Hypovolemic shock血量减少性休克 Cardiogenic shock心源性休克 Embolism栓塞,栓子 Tamponade填塞,压塞 Aortic大动脉的 Tension pneumothorax张力性气胸 Vasoconstriction血管收缩 Vasodilation血管舒张 Sympathetic nervous system交感神经系 Catecholamines儿茶酚酶 Epinephrine肾上腺素 Norepinephrine降肾上腺素,去甲肾上腺Aldosterone醛甾酮,醛固酮 Parasympathetic nervous system副交感神经系统 Arteriolar小动脉的 Prognosis预后(指医生对疾病结果的预测) Stroke volume每搏量 Systolic blood pressure收缩压 Crackles湿啰音 Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) 急性肺功能衰竭综合征 Dysrhythmias Ischemia缺血 Myocardial infarction心肌梗死 Necrotic坏死的,坏疽的,骨疽的 Diarrhea腹泻 Disseminated intravascular coagulation弥散性血管内凝血 Ecchymoses出血斑;瘀癍 Petechiae有瘀点的 Coagulation凝结,凝结物 Hemostasis止血,止血法 Aseptic techniques无菌技术 术前: Gallbladder 胆囊 Kidney 肾脏 Ureteral 输尿管的 Prostatic hyperplasia 前列腺增生 Hernia 疝气 Vaginal 阴道的 Thoracic incision 胸部切口 Abdominal incision 剖腹术 Atelectasis 肺不张 Venous stasis 静脉停滞 Intravenous lines 静脉注射管 Drainage tubes 引流管 Knee and hip joints 膝盖和臀部关节 Elbow 肘部 Analgesic agents 镇痛剂 Epidural 硬脑膜外的 Pregnancy 怀孕 Obesity 肥胖 Diabetes 糖尿病 Gastroesophageal reflux 胃食道反流 Ileus 肠梗阻 肠阻塞 Enema ]灌肠剂 Cleansing enema 清洁灌肠 Laxative 通便的 Peritoneum 腹膜 Bedpan 便盆 Antibiotics 抗生素 Intestinal flora 肠菌类 Disposable 一次性物品 Dentures 假牙 Urologic disorders 泌尿系统疾病 Urinary catheterization导尿 术后: Intracranial pressure颅内压 Intraocular pressure眼内压 Orthostatic hypotension直立性低血压 Postural hypotension姿势性低血压 Systolic blood pressure收缩压 Diastolic blood pressure舒张压 Supine position仰卧位;背卧位 Hemorrhage出血 Hypovolemia血容量减少;血容量过低 Edema水肿 Corticosteroids皮质类固醇，类固醇 Anticoagulants抗凝血剂，抗凝剂;抗凝血药 Broad-spectrum and specific antibiotics广谱抗生素和具体的 Hypoxia组织缺氧;氧不足 Renal failure肾衰竭 Hepatic disease肝脏疾病 Sepsis败血症，脓毒病 Nausea 呕吐 Vomiting呕吐 Hiccups打嗝 Urinary retention尿潴留 Perineum会阴 The patient leaves the PACU and is admitted to the unit,immediate nursing interventions includes the following: 在病人离开PACU并被承认的单位,直接护理人员 包括如下: 1、 assess breathing and administer supplemental oxygen,if prescribed评估呼吸和 管理辅助供氧,如果规定的 2、 monitor vital signs and note skin warmth,moisture,and color 监控重要的徵兆, 注意皮肤温暖、潮湿、和颜色 3、 assess the surgical site and wound drainage systems评估外科手术部位和创伤排 水系统 4、 assess level of consciousness,orientation,and abi5、 connect all drainage tubes to gravity or suction as indicated and monitor closed drainage systems连接 所有重力影响之外,暗管或吸入如上和监控闭式引流系统 6、 assess pain level, characteristics(location,quality)and timing,type ,and route of administration of last pain medication评估痛苦水平,特性(位置、质量、类型、时 间管理和路线上痛苦的药 7、 administer analgesics as prescribed assess their effectiveness in relieving pain管理规定麻醉剂来评估他们的有效缓解疼痛 术日晨的护理: 测生命体征，如感冒发热、血压升高或月经来潮应延期手术。 ?协助取下眼镜、义齿、发夹、戒指等贵重物品交家属。 ?将病历、X线片及术中用药或物品一并带入手术室。 ?进手术室前排空膀胱，手术时间长、盆腔会阴手术留置尿管。 ?消化道手术，放好胃肠减压管。 ?按麻醉医师的术前医嘱，按时给药。 ?按床号、姓名、性别、手术名称交接病人。准备床单位 Measuring vital signs, such as cold fever, elevated blood pressure or menstrual cramps should be postponed surgery. assist take off glasses, denture and hairpins, rings valuables into families. will records, X-ray and intraoperatie medication or items together into the operating room. into the operating room to urinate, surgery before long, pelvic perineal operation indwelling urinary canal. gastrointestinal surgery, put gastrointestinal decompression tube. According to anesthesiologist preoperative prescribing, give medicine. according to bed number, name, sex, surgical name handover patients. Prepare bed unit 通过早期活动，可减少褥疮、肺炎、肠粘连、静脉血栓等并发症的发生。Through the early activity, can reduce bedsore, pneumonia, bowel adhesion, venous thromboembolism etc complications. 术后早期下地活动，具有以下的优点:(1)离床活动能保持全身肌肉的正常张力，从而促进组 织细胞的新陈代谢及血液循环，良好的血运能有效地将氧、营养物质、激素、电解质等带给 组织细胞，并携走细胞的代谢产物，保证各器官的生理功能。(2)早期离床活动可以增加肺的 通气量，有利于气管分泌物的排出，以减少肺部并发症的发生。(3)术后早日离床，多作下肢 活动，可促进血液循环，防止静脉血栓的发生。(4)手术后腹胀是由于肠道功能受到抑制，肠 腔内积气过多所致。故而，早期离床活动能促使肠蠕动早日恢复，减少腹胀，增进食欲，促 进排便通畅。(5)尿潴留是较常见的术后并发症，早期下床活动有利于病人排尿，防止尿潴留 的发生。(6)可避免肢体肌肉废用性萎缩。(7)从精神与心理方面上看，早期离床活动，尽管 会出现一些软弱无力，或切”、“下床走了几步”的实践，能增强病人建立手术后可以恢复正 常的信念，加之离床活动后的轻度疲倦，可以解除紧张，焦虚、精神集中于疼痛的状态，上 床后一般能安稳的休息或入睡。 Early postoperative shimoji activity, have the following advantages: (1) from the bed activities can maintain the normal systemic muscle tension, so as to promote organization cell metabolism and blood circulation, good blood sprots supplementary effectively will oxygen, nutrients, hormones, electrolyte etc bring organization cells, and carry away cell metabolic products, ensure each organ physiological function. (2) early to get out of bed activities can increase lung ventilation, be helpful for airway secretions eduction, in order to reduce pulmonary complications. (3) postoperative early to get out of bed, do more to lower limb activity, can promote blood circulation, prevent the occurrence of venous thrombosis. (4) surgery abdominal distension is due to bowel function is restrained, fluctuate inside accumulate gas heavy trafficcounter. Therefore, the early to get out of bed activities can prompt peristalsis will recover soon, reduce abdominal distension, stomachic, promote defecate unobstructed. (5) urinary retention is more common postoperative complications, early bed activities will be beneficial to the patient urinate, prevent the occurrence of urinary retention. (6) can avoid with limb muscle atrophy of waste. (7) from the spiritual and psychological aspects on look, get out of bed early event, although there will be some weakness, or incision pain, but "stand up", "down bed took a few steps" practice, can strengthen the patient build after surgery can return to normal belief, in addition to get out of bed after the activity of mild tired, can remove nervous, coke virtual, mental focus on pain of state, go to bed after general can secure rest or sleep.