中文摘要:诗经是我国第一部诗歌总集

中文摘要:诗经是我国第一部诗歌总集 中文摘要:《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集，代了西周初年至春秋中叶的诗歌创作水平， 其中描写爱情的篇幅占了很大的比重。《诗经》中的爱情诗，热烈而浪漫，清纯而自然，是 心与心的交流，情与情的碰撞。周初，礼教初设，古风犹存，青年男女恋爱尚少禁忌，相对 来说还是比较自由的。因此我们可以看到，在《诗经》的爱情篇章中，除了传统的男追女之 外，还有一部分诗歌涉及到了女追男的有趣现象,特别是对女性爱情心理发展变化等方面的 描写。《诗经》中的女子尽管性格各异，但在爱情的追求与表白上都一样主动、热烈、真挚、 大胆，她们是中国古典文学画廊里最有血有肉有质感的女性形象。 Women Expressing Love to Men in the Air of the Book of Poetry 广州大学人文学院中国古典文献学专业2007级研究生 余娟 学号:2110706121 Abstract: The Book of poetry is the first poetry anthology of china. It represents the highest literary achievement from the Western Zhou Dynasty to t the mid Spring and Autumn Period, mainly describing about love and marriage. The love poems in the Book of Poetry is romantic, warm, natural and pure. In those days, young men and women in love were not so strictly bound by Confucian moralities, so that their love stories were relatively free. In love poems of the Book of poetry, there are stories about women expressing love to men besides those about men expressing love to women, which is very a interesting phenomenon. In the Book of Poetry, there are women of different characters, who share the same warmth, sincerity and courage in pursuit of love, who are the most vivid literary images of women. In this paper, the author analyzes five types of stories about women expressing love for men. Key words: the Book of Poetry; love and marriage poems; women expressing love to men. 1. Introduction 1(1 An Introduction to the Book of Poetry The Book of Poetry is the first ancient poetry anthology of China. There are 305 poems in this book, which can be divided into three parts: airs from the states, greater odes and eulogies. Those poems were written from the eleventh century BC to the sixth century BC, i.e. from the early years of the Zhou Dynasty to the mid Spring and Autumn Period. The Book of Poetry has a great impact on our thinking, literature, history and so on. In the past 2500 years, there has much research on it. The Book of Poetry spends a lot of words to describe the social life, including some social phenomenon like politic, economic, religious ceremony, war, nation-building capital, harvesting, women think of abandoned, dating , wedding, funeral, wish to pray, and some natural phenomenon like flowers, animals, birds, volcanic ,earthquakes. The large amount of information in this book is amazing. It can be said that the Book of Poetry is a wonderful representation from all perspectives of the lives of the ancient Chinese people. It is unique. 1(2 Love Poems of the Book of Poetry of Women Expressing Love to Men In the Book of Poetry, there are 74 love and marriage poems. They cover all aspects of love and marriage. In the poems, the stories of young people’s meeting and dating are very touching. It is surprising that, in the Book of Poetry, women in pursuit of love do not have too much restraints. They are pure, warm, courageous and they take the initiative when they meet loved ones. They normally express their love directly. This article focuses on women pursuit men, and does a preliminary analysis and reflection about this phenomenon. 2. analysis In the love and marriage poems of the Book of Poetry, five types of stories about women expressing love to men can be classified, which are implicit expression, flirtation, blame, urgency and indignation. 2(1 Implicit Expression When men and women meet, at the beginning, they often choose different ways to express their feelings, and gifts is a very important one. In the poem of Quince, a woman expresses her pure and sincere love through some fruits like quince, peach and plum, just like the woman in the poem of The Quiet Girl, who gives the man she likes a simple blade of red grass. It appears to be lovely and implicit, which makes the man spends a lot of time to guess and finally give jasper, gem and jade in return. Quince A quince she threw to me, A jade pendant I gave her in return. It was not just a requital, But to show I’d love her for ever. A peach she threw to me, A gem pendant I gave her in return. It was not just a requital, But to show I’d love her for ever. A plum she threw to me, A jasper pendant I gave her in return. It was not just a requital, But to show I’d love her for ever. (《木瓜》投我以木瓜，报之以琼琚。匪报也，永以为好也～投我以木桃，报之 以琼瑶。匪报也，永以为好也～投我以木李，报之以琼玖。匪报也，永以为好也) The Quiet Girl A quiet girl and lovely Was to meet me at the turret by the wall; But she is nowhere to be seen, And I scratch my head , perplexed. A quiet and pretty Gives me a blade of red grass; A splendid blade of red grass— I take pleasure in its beauty. From the meadows she brings me a shoot, Beautiful and rare; It is not the shoot that is lovely, But it was given me by a lovely girl. (《静女》静女其姝， 俟我于城隅。 爱而不见， 搔首踟蹰。静女其娈， 贻我 彤管。 彤管有炜， 说怿女美。 自牧归荑， 洵美且异。 匪女之为美， 美人之 贻。) 2(2 Flirtation After men and women know each other’s feeling, they try to find out how deep the other’s love is, as a result, something like ambiguous words, provocative behaviors turn up. The woman in the poem of If You Really Love Me is bold and cunning. Firstly she said that if you love me, please come here and date with me, and then, she was confident and said that if you did not love me, there should be some other man loving me. She bluntly blamed the young man who ignored her. She was so straightforward and forceful, different from the women in later time, who were under the constraints of the Confucian moralities. If You Really Love Me If you really love me, Lift up your robe and wade across the River Zhen! If you don’t love me, What about some other man? Oh, the most foolish among fools are you! If you really love me, Lift up your robe and wade across the River Wei! If you don’t love me, What about someone else? Oh, the most foolish among fools are you! (《褰裳》子惠思我，褰裳涉溱。子不我思，岂无他人,狂童之狂也且～子惠思 我，褰裳涉洧。子不我思，岂无他士,狂童之狂也且～) 2(3 Blame When men and women start to date, they have to suffer from the anxious waiting of lovers. The woman in the poem of Scholar with the Blue Collar complained the man late for dating. She said that, though I hadn’t gone to visit you, why didn’t you come to see me? Then she said frankly, if I couldn’t see you in just one day, it seemed like three months for me. Even in the modern time, the women are will be considered to be bravery and frank. Scholar with the Blue Collar Oh, scholar with the blue collar, Long I’ve been yearning for you. Though I haven’t gone to visit you, Why don’t you send me some news? Oh, scholar with the blue silk ribbon, Long I’ve been in love with you. Though I haven’t gone to visit you, Why don’t you come to see me? I keep pacing to and fro, On the tower of the city wall. If for one day I don’t see you, It seems like three months to me! (《子衿》青青子衿。 悠悠我心。 纵我我往， 子宁不嗣音, 青青子佩。 悠悠 我思。 纵我不往， 子宁不来, 挑兮达兮，在城阙兮。 一日不见， 如三月兮。) 2(4 Urgency When women reach a certain age, some of them would be eager to get married. The women in the poem of Plop, Fall the Plum, saw the plum falling off the tree ,found herself did not get married at her proper age, she began to hope to find a man to marry her as soon as possible. The plums on the trees fell down and got fewer, she became more and more urgent, and could not wait for choosing an auspicious day. She was so eager to get married that didn’t care to let everybody know. Plop, Fall the Plums Plop, fall the plums; Of ten on the tree, seven remain; Let those who would court me Come before the lucky day slips by. Plop, fall the plums; Of ten on the tree, three remain; For those who would court me Now is the time! Plop, fall the plums; Place them in baskets; Let those who would court me Come to the gathering! (《摽有梅》摽有梅，其实七兮～求我庶士，迨其吉兮～摽有梅，其实三兮～求我庶士，迨其今兮～摽有梅，顷筐塈之～求我庶士，迨其吉兮～摽有梅，其实三兮～求我庶士，迨其谓之～) 2(5 Indignation It is said that marriage is the tomb of love. When the loving people live together, their love will gradually fade. The poem of the Boat of Cypress Wood describes a woman who is no longer loved by her husband. She is very distressed, and gets no one to talk. No one gives her sympathy or understanding. Therefore, she chooses to keep silent, and wait to get free from her failed marriage. In the poem, we do not see a complained woman like other abandoned wives, instead, what we can see is a strong woman with self-love. The Boat of Cypress Wood Freely floats the boat of cypress wood, Tossing about along the stream. Eyes open, I can’t fall asleep, As if my heart was heavy with grief. It’s not that I’ve no wine to drink, Or nowhere to enjoying visiting. My heart’s not like a bronze mirror, Absorbing the reflection of everything. I’ve brothers, elder and younger, But no one is trustworthy. When I tried to pour out my grievance, I found them furious with me. My heart’s not like a stone, It can’t be turned and moved easily. My heart’s not like a mat, It can’t be rolled up at all. With dignity and honor, I’ll never flinch or yield. My heart’s weighed down with vexation, Against me the villains bear a grudge. Excessive distress I’ve been confronted with, Too much indignity I’ve been treated with. Meditating silently on this, I beat my breast when the sad truth dawns upon me. Oh sun, oh moon, Why are you always so dim? My heart stained with sorrow, Cannot be washed clean like dirty clothes. I reflect silently on this, And cannot spread my wings and soar high. (《柏舟》泛彼柏舟，亦泛其流。 耿耿不寐，如有隐忧。微我无酒，以敖以游。 我心匪鉴，不可以茹。 亦有兄弟，不可以据。 薄言往愬，逢彼之怒。 我心匪 石，不可转也。 我心匪席，不可卷也。威仪棣棣，不可选也。 忧心悄悄，愠于 群小。觏闵既多，受侮不少。静言思之，寤辟有摽。 日居月诸，胡迭而微,心 之忧矣，如匪浣衣。静言思之，不能奋飞。) 3. Conclusion Through the above analysis, we can see a variety of colorful love stories of young It is very comprehensive in the men and women in the poems of the air of states. psychological description of women in love. No matter in which type of love stories, the bold pursuit of pure and sincere love, the joy of meeting, the suffering of waiting and the indignation for being abandoned, cover all of the love and marriage life, simple but touching. We can get a conclusion that the Book of Poetry is really unique in the history of Chinese literature for the description of love and marriage. It is supposed to offer some reference value about the study of modern women’s psychology of love and marriage. 4. Reference 1、The Book of Poetry Chinese-English: Ye Mang, Xianyi Yang , and so on, Beijing Foreign Languages Press, January 2001. 2、The Book Poetry: Ruizhu Zhu, Zhenkun Zhao, Shanghai, Shanghai Education Press, May 2001. 3、The Book of Poetry Election: Yongsheng Liu, Tianjin, Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House, May 1997.