m5

研究生英语学位考试模拟试卷(五) PART II VOCABULARY ( 10 minutes,10 points) Section A (0.5 point each) Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B,C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one, mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet. 16.The last census of the country's population growth is discouraging. A. count B. statement C. agreement D. estimate 17.My library cad will cease to be effective in this December. A. extol B. expound C. expire D. explore 18.Because of a long drought, the farmer was doubtful about the prospect of a good yield. A. positive B .definite C. dubious D. grateful 19.Even as a child he had a very curious mind; at the age of three he performed his first experiment. A. delicate B. indignant C. incidental D. inquisitive 20.The other members of the Cabinet made fun of the Secretary of Interior when he purchased Alaska because it was not considered valuable at that time. A. decried B. derided C. deterred D. depressed 21.City taxes are based on an estimate of the value of one's property. A. an appraisal B. a forecast C. a diagnosis D. an outline 22.Although recognized as one of the most brilliant scientists in his field, professor Lee cannot seem to make his ideas understood in class. A. get his ideas down B. get his ideas across C. get his ideas up D. get his ideas at home 23.They were hesitant to move because they could not get a good price for their old house. A. incessant B. reluctant C. negligent D. exorbitant 24.Having dialed their number all day only to hear a busy signal, she became impatient and called the operator for assistance. A. integrated B. exasperated C. alleviated D. eradicated 25.Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on simple compounds such as alcohol. A. mix with B. do well on C. exist in D. float on Section B (0.5 point each) Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence. 26.Finally,the long years of poverty and hard work ______ him. He was down with TB and never recovered. A. tore up B. caught up with C. had their revenge on D. took a hand in 27.To make the students see the importance of speaking, the English teachers are ready to ______ . A. go to any length B. do them good C. take them to task D. bring them out 28.People who refuse to ______ with the law will be punished. A. obey B. conceal C. consent D. comply 29.The reason why the company is successful is due to the fact that they produce ______ materials. A. superior B. expensive C quality D. worthless 30.Comparison and contrast are often used ______ in advertisements. A. extensive B. effectively C .intentional D. haphazard 31.Current hiring policies in the United States seek to ______ equal employment opportunities for women and minority groups. A. provide B. demanded C. confirmed D. continue 32.There is no easy solution to Japan's labor ______ . A. decline B. rarity C. vacancy D. shortage 33.I left for the office earlier than usual this morning ______ traffic jam. A. in line with B. in case of C. for the sake of D. at the risk of 34.The new washing machines are ______ at the rate of fifty a day. A. turned up B. turned out C. turned down D. turned in 35.On turning the corner, we saw the road ______ steeply. A. departing B. decreasing C. descending D. depressing PART III CLOZE TEST (10 MINUTES,15 POINTS) Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of the most suitable word(s) marked A,B,C,or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet. I am always (36) amused and annoyed when I hear (37) people criticize English food. "It's unimaginative, "they say. "It's (38) ,it's tasteless, it's chips with everything and totally over-cooked vegetables." "It's ambitious," say the French," (39) you do is roasts with jam."(We eat apple sauce with pork.) That's the bit they (40) really shocking, but then the French are easily shocked by (41) that aren't French. (42) I ask these visitors where they have experienced English cooking, I am (43) by their reply. "in Wimpy Bars and MacDonald's Hamburger restaurants, "they (44) say. I have (45) my case. Their (46) are inexcusable. I have a (47) about English cooking, and I was interested to read that several (48) cookery writers agree with me. It is this. Our basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of (49) that we haven't had to (50) sauces and complex recipes to disguise their natural taste. 36.A. so B. either C. all D. both 37.A.strange B. foreign C. every D. abroad 38. A .boring B. interesting C. nice lazy 39. A. what B. that C. all D. only 40.A.sense B .find C. feel D. see 41.A.things B. people C. events D. articles 42.A.On B. When C. However D. Perhaps 43.A.told B. terrified C. astonished D. left 44 .A. together B. never C. often D. rarely 45. A .lost B. shown C. closed D. won 46.A.conclusions B. friends C. concerns D. meanings 47.A.idea B. thought C. theory D. news 48.A.large B. some C. high D. famous 49.A.favour B. flavor C. flour D. fog 50.A.invent B. omit C. admit D. invest PART IV READING COMPREHENSION ( 45 MINUTES,30 POINTS) Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A,B,C,or D, and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (1) Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the cover of some of the old pulp magazines: the Bug-eyed Monster, embodying every trait and feature that most people find repulsive, is about to grab, and presumably ravish, a sweet, blonde, curvaceous, scantily-clad Earth girl. This is unfortunate because it demeans and degrades a worthwhile and even important literary endeavor. In contrast to this unwarranted stereotype, science fiction rarely emphasizes sex, and when it does, it is more discreet than other contemporary fiction. Instead, the basic interest of science fiction lies in the relation between man and his technology and between man and the universe. Science fiction is a literature of change and a literature of the future, and while it would be foolish to claim that science fiction is a major literary genre at this time, the aspects of human life that it considers make it well worth reading and studying -- for no other literary form does quite the same things. The question is :what is science fiction? And the answer must be, unfortunately, that there have been few attempts to consider this question at any length or with much seriousness; it may well be that science fiction will resist any comprehensive definition of its characteristics. To say this, however, does not mean that there are no ways of defining it nor that various facets of its totality cannot be clarified. To begin with, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary sub-genre which postulates a change (for human beings ) from conditions as we know them and follows the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified and expanded, and probably changed, in the course of this exploration, it covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure. The first point--that science fiction is a literary sub-genre is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specifically, science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capek's RUR ( Rossum's Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a sub-genre of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in general -- that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories. Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting man's nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or novel. 51.Science fiction is called a literary sub-genre because ______. A. it is not important enough to be a literary genre B .it can not be made into a dramatic presentation C it has its limits D. it shares characteristics with other types of prose fiction 52.Which of the following does NOT usually contribute to the theme in a piece of science fiction ______? A. character B. rhyme C. plot D. setting 53.The view of science fiction encouraged by pulp magazines, while wrong, is nevertheless ______. A. popular B. elegant C. fashionable D. accurate 54.An appropriate title for this passage would be_______ A. On the Inaccuracies of Pulp Magazines B. Man and the Universe C. Toward a Definition of Science Fiction D.A Type of Prose Fiction 55.The author's definition suggests that all science fiction deals with ______. A .monsters B. the same topics addressed by novels and short stories C. the unfamiliar or unusual D. the conflict between science and fiction 56.One implication of the final sentence in the passage is that ______. A. those who can read and analyze fiction can also do so with science fiction B. there is no reason for any reader not to like science fiction C. all fiction consists of six basic elements D. there are reasons for enjoying science fiction (2) Cans, beer cans, shining on the edges of a million of roadways, lying in scrub, grass,dirt,leaves,sand,mud,butneveridden.Piels,Rheingold,Ballanitine,Schaefer,Schlitz,shining in the sun or picked by moon or the beams of headlights at night washed by rain or flattened by wheels, but never dulled, never buried, never destroyed. Here is the mark of savages, the testament of wasters, the stain of prosperity. Who are these men who defile the grassy borders of our roads and lanes, who pollute our ponds, who spoil the purity of our ocean beaches with the empty vessels of their thirst? Who are the men who make these vessels in millions and then say, "Drink-and discard"? What society is this that can afford to cast away a million tons of metal and to make of wild and fruitful land a garbage heal? What manner of men and women need thirty feet of steel and two hundred horsepower to take them, singly, to their small destinations? Who demand that what they eat is wrapped so that forests are cut down to make the paper that is thrown away, and what they smoke and chew is sealed so that sealers can be tossed onto grass and caught in twigs? What kind of man afford to make the streets of their towns and cities ugly with neon at night, and their roadways hideous with signs by day, wasting beauty? Who leave the wrecks of cars to rot in heals? Who pour their trash into valleys and make smoking mountains of garbage for the towns' rats? What manner of men choke off the life in rivers, streams and lakes with the waste of their produce, making poison of water ? Who is as rich as that? Slowly the wasters and despoilers are impoverishing our land, our nature and our beauty, so that there will not be one beach, one hill, one lane, one meadow, one forest free from the debris of man and ruins of his shameful destruction. Who is so rich that he can waste forever the wealth of earth and water for trivial needs of vanity and foolish and uncontrollable demands of greed, or so prosperous in land that he can sacrifice nature for unnatural desires? The earth we abuse and the living things we kill will in the end take their revenge, for in exploiting their presence we are diminishing our future. And what will we leave behind us when we are long dead? Temples? Gardens? works of arts? Or mountains of twisted and rusted steel, canyons of plastic containers and a million miles of shores decorated not with lovely sea plants, but with the cans, bottles, light-bulbs and boxes of a people who conserved their convenience at the expense of their heritage, and whose short-lived prosperity was built on waste? 57.The word "wasteland" refers to ______. A. a land that is wasted B. a land that is covered by waste C. a land that is inhabited by wasters D. all of the above 58.In Para.1,"Piels,Rheingold,Ballantine,Schaefer,Schlitz" are most likely to be ______. A. names of imaginary tourists B. cans of different brands of beer C. names of those roadways covered by waste D. names of the people who have left cans on the edges of roadways 59.In Para.2,"the empty vessels of their thirst" refer to ______. A. used-up drink containers B. broken frames of cars C. empty cups D. empty garbage cans 60.In Para.3,"thirty feet of steel and two hindered horsepower" simply means ______. A. a lot of energy B. a pile of cans C. an automobile D. a lot of waste 61.In the passage, the author mentions all these kinds of waste EXCEPT ______. A. waste of natural beauty B. waste of natural resources C. waste of man power D. waste of land 62.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To find out who are the wasters and despoilers B. To suggest the ways of solving problems of pollution and wasting C. To find out who are rich enough to waste forever D. To make people aware of the consequences of the abuse of the earth and the nature by man (3) From the U.S. Supreme Court now comes an extraordinary decision permitting inquiries into the "state of mind" of journalists and the editorial process of news organizations. This is perhaps the most alarming evidence so far of a determination by the nation's highest court to weaken the protection of the First Amendment for those who gather and report the news. The court last year upheld the right of police to invade news-paper offices in search of evidence, and reporters in other cases have gone to jail to protect the confidentiality of their notebooks. Under the recent 6-3 ruling in a libel case, they now face a challenge to the privacy of their minds. Few would argue that the First Amendment guarantees absolute freedom of speech or freedom of the press. Slander and libel laws stand to the contrary as a protection of an individual's reputation against the irresponsible spread of falsehoods. The effect of this latest decision, however, is to make the libel suit, or the threat of one ,a clear invasion by the courts into the private decision-making that constitutes news and editorial judgement. In landmark decisions of 1964 and 1967,the Supreme Court established that public officials or public figures ringing libel actions must prove that a damaging falsehood was published with "actual malice"-- that is, with knowledge that the statements were false, or with reckless disregard of whether they were true or not. Justice Byron R. White, writing for the new majority in the new ruling, says it is not enough to examine all the circumstances of publication that would indicate whether there was malicious intent or not. It is proper and constitutional, he says ,for "state-of- mind evidence" to be introduced. The court is thus ordering a CBS television producer to answer questions about the thought processes that went into the preparation and airing of a segment of "60 Minutes." That six justices of the Supreme Court fail to see this as a breach of the First Amendment is frightening. The novelist George Orwell may have been mistaken only in the timing of his vision of a Big Brother government practicing mind-control. 63.The passage deals principally with ______. A. the U. S. Supreme Court's new decision B. explaining the First Amendment to the Constitution C .an attack on the freedom of the press D. slander and libel laws 64.The writer's attitude toward the U. S. Supreme Court's new decision is that of _____ A. approval B .disapproval C. doubt D .indifference 65.From the context, it may be inferred that slander and libel laws are _______. A. in fact the same thing as the First Amendment B. contrary to the protection of individual's reputation against lies C. laws protecting the freedom of the press D. laws protecting individual's reputation against lies 66.In Line 16,"the threat of one "means A. the warning of a libel suit B. threatening an individual C. the threat of a decision D. the threat of an invasion 67.What does "actual malice" (Line 22) mean? A. knowledge that the statement is false B. reckless disregard of whether the statement is true or false C. both A and B D. libel 68.What does the writer mainly argue against in this passage? A. the absolute freedom of the press B. invasion into the privacy of the journalist's mind C. malicious intent of the journalist D. the slander and libel laws (4) During the nineteenth century, the mechanization of farming and the fencing of range land opened the agricultural heart of North America to intensive development. As the natural geographic center of this region, Chicago became the crossroads of a vast transportation network. The great waterway systems of the Mississippi valley and the Great Lakes were linked in Chicago in 1847, when the Illinois-Michigan Canal was opened to traffic. Within the next year, rail lines began to operate trains to and from the city. The rise of agricultural activity demanded facilities for the storage and milling of grain, the slaughtering of cattle, and the processing and shipment of meat. The manufacture of farm machinery branched out into the basic metal-fabricating and woodworking industries. This soon attracted banks and other financial institutions. Four years after the end of the Civil War, Chicago was already established as the focal point of the largest system of inland waterways in the world and the hub of a rail network that extended to the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts. The productive potential of the city was unparalleled, and the pace of its industrial expansion reached explosive proportions. 69.What is the main topic of the passage? A. The effects of the Civic War on the development of Chicago B. The effects of intensive farming in North America C. The evolution of Chicago as an industrial center D. The impact of agriculture on industrial development 70.In the nineteenth century, the farming area around Chicago developed rapidly because ______. A. new irrigation waterways were built B. men who had been soldiers provided a plentiful work force C. new machinery permitted farming on a large scale D. the slaughtering of cattle turned much range land into farmland 71.Why did Chicago initially begin to grow? A. It was located in the middle of a productive area B. Its industries attracted jobless people C. It could provide food for a large local population D. Its wealthy inhabitants invested their money there 72.When did Chicago's first railroad service begin? A.1846 B.1847 C .1848 D.1849 73.Chicago was primarily important to the cattle industry as a ______. A. market for meat B. breeding center C. center of veterinary medicine D. place to finance cattle purchases 74.According to the passage, bankers were primarily attracted to Chicago because of _ A. the outbreak of the Civil War in the East B. the increase in manufacturing activity C. good opportunities for travel D. schools that trained qualified economists 75.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a major factor in Chicago's growth? A. New railroad lines B. Innovative farm equipment C. Increased water transportation networks D. Rising demand for the manufacture of explosives (5) It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with crises; that they talk too much about certain problems--and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships. I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young. Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste. Sometimes you are resistant, and proud because you do not want your parents to approve of what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are assuming that you are the underdog: you can't win but at least you can keep your honor. This is passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you were completely under your parents' control. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself. If you plan to control your life, co-operation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do. 76.The author is primarily addressing ______. A. parents of teenagers B. those who give advice to teenagers C. newspaper readers D. teenagers 77.The first paragraph is mainly about ______. A. the teenagers' criticism of their parents B. misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents C. the dominance of the parents over their children D. the teenagers' ability to deal with crises 78.Teenagers tend to have strange clothes and hairstyles because they ______. A. want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own B. have a strong desire to be leader in style and taste C. have no other way to enjoy themselves better D. want to irritate their parents 79.Teenagers do not want their parents to approve of whatever they do because they __ A. have already been accepted into the adult world B. feel that they are superior in a small way to the adults C. are not likely to win over the adults D. have a desire to be independent 80.To improve parent-child relationships, teenagers are advised to be ______. A. obedient B. co-operative C. responsible D. independent PAPER TWO PART V TRANSLATION (40 MINUTES,20 POINTS) Section A (20 minutes,10 points) Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on Answer Sheet II. The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. The supply of oil can be shut off at whim at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and copious energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on in mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. Section B (20 minutes,10 points) Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II. 　　在科学技术方面，我国古代，曾经创造过辉煌的成就，四大发明对世界文明的进步起了伟大的作用。但是我们祖先的成就，只能用来巩固我们赶超世界先进水平的信心，而不能用来安慰我们现实的落后。我们现在在科学技术方面的创造，同我们这样一个社会主义国家的地位是很不相称的。 PART VI WRITING (30 MINUTES,10 POINTS) Directions: Write a composition of at least 120 words on the topic: ON MAKING FRIENDS You should base your composition on the following outline: 1.The need for friends 2.True friendship 3.My principle in making friends Write your composition clearly on the Answer Sheet. 16 - 25 A C C D B A B B B B 26 - 35 C A D A B A D C B C 36 - 50 D B A A B A B C C D A C D B A 51 - 65 D B A C C A D B A C C D A B D 66 - 80 A C B C C A C A B D D A A D B