电动玩具欧洲和美国标准

玩具的CE和FCC认证 Presented by Intertek ETL SEMKO Guangzhou Totti Huang 15-September-2005 玩具的分类及所用的标准 • CE认证将玩具分为二大类，一类为电动和电子玩具(Electric and electronic toys),另一类为无线电遥控类玩具(Radio remote control toys). • CE认证对于第一类所用标准为：EN 55014-1， EN 55014-2，EN 61000-3-2，EN 61000-3-3;第二类也称为R&TTE产品所为标准为 EN 300 220-1/-3,EN 301 489-1/-3 • FCC认证将玩具也分为二大类，一类为不带有意发射的玩具 (Unintentional radiation), 另一类为带有意发射的玩具 （Intentional radiation). • FCC认证对第一类所采用的认证型式为验证（Verification),另一 种的认证型式为认证(Certification).常用的标准为FCC Part 15. EN 55014-1对玩具的定义 • 3.9 toy-product designed for, or clearly intended for use in play by children under 14 years old. Toys may incorporate motors, heating elements, electronic circuits and their combination.The supply voltage of a toy shall not exceed 24 V a.c.(r.m.s)or ripple-free d.c. and may be provided by a battery or by means of an adaptor or safety transformers connected to the mains supply. • 3.10 battery toy-toy which contains or uses one or more batteries as the only source of electrical energy. • 3.11 transformer toy-toy which is connected to the supply mains through a transformer for toys and using the supply mains as the only source of electrical energy. EN 55014-1对玩具的定义 • 3.12 dual supply toy-toy which can be operated simultaneously or alternatively as a battery toy and a transformer toy. • 3.13 battery box-compartment which is separate from the toy and in which the batteries are placed. • 3.16 constructional kit-collection of electric, electronic or mechanical parts, intended to be assembled as various toys. • 3.17 experimental kit-collection of electric or electronic components intended to be assembled in various combinations. • 3.18 functional toy-toy with a rated voltage not exceeding 24 V and which is a model of an appliance or installation used by adults. EN 55014-1对玩具的定义 • 3.19 portable child-appealing luminaire-a luminaire that in normal use can be moved from one place to another while connected to the supply, and which is constructed to represent a model, person or animal such that due to design and material used it could be treated, by a child, as a toy. • 3.20 video toy-toy consisting of a screen and activating means by which the child can play and interact with the picture shown on the screen.All parts necessary for the operation of the video toy are considered to be part of the toy. • 3.21 electronic circuit-circuit incorporating at least one electronic components. • 3.22 electronic component-part in which conduction is achieved principally by electrons moving through a vacuum, gas or semiconductor.Do not include resistors, capacitors and inductors. EN 55014-1测试项目介绍-传导电压 F r e q u e n c y r a n g e Q u a s i P e a k A v e r a g e ( M H z ) d B ( u V ) d B ( u V ) 0 . 1 5 t o 0 . 5 0 6 6 t o 5 6 5 9 t o 4 6 0 . 5 0 t o 5 5 6 4 6 5 t o 3 0 6 0 5 0 EN 55014-1测试项目介绍-辐射功率 Frequency range Quasi Peak Average (MHz) dB(pW) (dBpw) 30 to 300 45 to 55 35 to 45 EN 55014-1测试项目介绍-辐射场强 屏蔽墙 旋转找最大面 1 ~ 4 m EUT 0 . 8 m 测试仪 EN 55014-1对玩具的分类及其要求 • Category A: battery toys without electronic circuits or motors. Toys of category A are considered to comply with the requirements without testing. • Category B:battery toys with built-in batteries, without possible for external electric connection.Should comply with limits of 4.1.3(radiated disturbances). • Category C:battery toys having associated units which are, or can be connected by means of an electric cord. Should comply with the limits of 4.1.2(disturbance power);or 4.1.3(radiated disturbance), at the choice of the manufacturer. • Category D:transformer toys and dual supply toys incorporating no electronic circuits.Should comply with 4.1.1(terminal voltage), 4.1.2(disturbance power) and 4.2(discontinuous disturbance). • Category E:transformer toys and dual supply toys incorporating electronic circuits and all other toys which are not covered by the other categories and are within the scope of this standard.Should comply with limits of 4.1.1(terminal voltage), 4.1.3(radiated disturbance) and 4.2(discontinuous disturbance). EN 55014-2 测试项目介绍-静电放电 ¾ Direct Air Discharge: 8kV ¾ Direct Contact Discharge: 4kV ¾ Indirect Discharge: 4kV ¾ 10 +ve discharge + 10 -ve discharge，time between each discharge at least 1s. EN 55014-2 测试项目介绍-脉冲群 ¾ Fast Transients / Burst ¾ AC Mains: 1kV ¾ Signal & Control Line(> 3m): 0.5kV ¾ DC power port: 0.5kV ¾ Live, Neutral & Earth are applied 容性卡钳距参考地 100mm,轮流卡每根电缆 EUT与参考地平面 之间的距离大于 100mm 参考地平面的每个边 要超出EUT100mm并 与大地相连 EUT与发生器或 卡钳之间的电源 线或信号线长度 小于1米 脉冲群 信号源 连辅助设 备与端接 EN 55014-2 测试项目介绍-浪涌 ¾ Surge Immunity ¾ Live to Neutral :1kV ¾ Live to Earth : 2kV ¾ Neutral to Earth: 2kV ¾ 5 positive polarity and 5 negative polarity 信号电缆用的耦 合解耦网络 接电网 接辅助设备 EUT与发生器或耦合器之 间的电缆小于2米 保护地线要能够 承受浪涌电流 EN 55014-2 测试项目介绍-注入电流 ¾ Injected Current/Conducted Immunity ¾ Frequency Range: 0.15 to 230MHz ¾ AC Mains: 3V ¾ Signal & Control Line(>3m): 1V ¾ DC port: 1V ¾ All RF current are 1kHz & 80% AM in common mode. EN 55014-2 测试项目介绍-电压跌落和中断 ¾ Voltage dips and interruptions ¾ Interruption: 0V, 10ms ¾ Voltage Dips 40% of rated Voltage, 200ms 70% of rated Voltage, 1s ¾ Occur at zero-crossing EN 55014-2对EUT的分类及要求 • Category I: no electronic control circuitry.Consider it meet the immunity requirement without testing. ¾ Category II: Mains powered and containing electronic control circuitry with internal clock less than or equal to 15MHz.Should subject to immunity test of ESD, EFT,Surge, PQT and IC. ¾ Category III: Battery powered and containing electronic control circuitry with internal clock less or equal to 15MHz .Should subject to immunity test of ESD. ¾ Category IV: All other appliance in the scope.Should subject to immunity test of ESD, EFT, Surge, PQT, IC and RS. EN 61000-3-2 ¾ Limit for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current less than or equal to 16A per phase) ¾ 40 harmonics are measured(100 to 2000Hz) ¾ All Household Appliances is classified as Class A equipment. EN 61000-3-3 ¾ Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply system for equipment with rated current less than or equal to 16A ¾ Flicker : Impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by a light stimulus whose luminance or spectral distribution fluctuates with time [IEV 161-08-13] R&TTE产品认证概论 指令是指由欧共体各经过协调各成员国而形成 的书面文件，通过一定的指令后制造商就可以 进入整个欧共体市场而不需要在每个国家分别 进行认证。1999/5/EC-R&TTE无线电通信产品 及终端产品指令。对于无线电类产品适用 R&TTE 指令，此指令从2000年4月8日开始强 制在欧共体实施。由符合性声明代替了由宣告 实体（Notify Body）进行的认证。 R&TTE产品认证概论 宣告实体（Notify Body）及其认证 NB是由欧共体成员国政府指定的负责独立判 断产品是否符合对应的CE标志指令，其有责任 判断产品申请所采用的标准及其应用的正确性。 对于特定的指令其也有代政府进行强制性型 式认可的权利。如0359，ITS UK。 如采用非协调化的标准进行测试认证，则必 须要有宣告实体的认可证书。此处的非协调化 标准是指不在欧盟的正式定期刊物上的标准。 R&TTE产品认证概论 认证标志： • 协调化标准+协调化的频率 协调化标准+非协调化的频率 • 非协调化标准+协调化的频率 0359 • 非协调化标准+协调化的频率 Example of NBO issued by ITS UK R&TTE产品的基本原理 R&TTE产品CE认证测试条件 • 正常测试条件： 温度:+15~ +35度 湿度: 20%~ 75% 主电源电压:230V ac 主电源频率:49-51Hz 电池:1.1倍标称电压 • 极端测试条件： 温度: I类 -20~+55 II类 -10~+55 III类 0~+55 电压: +/-10%额定电压 0.9~1.3倍电池供电电压 EN 300 220-3测试项目 • 1 频率误差 • 2 传导载波功率 • 3 有效发射功率 • 4 发射器对调制频率的响度 频率变化 调制深度 • 5 邻频道功率 • 6 宽带设备的调制带度的范围 • 7 杂散发射 • 8 低电压条件下频率稳定度 • 9 占空比 FCC的三种认可型式 ƒ FCC 2.902 Verification ƒ FCC 2.906 Declaration of Conformity ƒ FCC 2.907 Certification Verification ƒ For products for which Certification or Declaration of Conformity are not required, verification is the necessary procedure. The manufacturer must: ƒ Get the product tested ƒ Retain the verification records for possible review by the FCC ƒ Mark the product with a compliance statement, and place the required FCC notices in the user manual Declaration of conformity ƒ Class B personal computers and their peripherals, and consumer ISM equipment (e.g. microwave ovens) are authorized by the Declaration of Conformity procedure or the Certification procedure. The manufacturer must: ƒ Get the product tested at a laboratory which has been accredited by A2LA or NAVLAP for EMC testing ƒ Prepare a technical file ƒ Mark the product and place the requirement FCC notices in the user manual ƒ Prepare and sign a Declaration of Conformity Certification ƒ Certification is an alternative route for those products requiring a Declaration of Conformity. Certain other products (e.g. scanning receiver, intentional radiators) always require certification. The manufacturer must: ƒ Get the product tested at a laboratory which has been listed by the FCC ƒ Submit the test report, together with a proposed FCC ID Number to the FCC ƒ If approval is granted, mark the product with the FCC ID number and compliance statement, and place the required FCC notices in the user manual ƒ Any transmitter or low power intentional radiator must be Certified. Example of FCC certificate Scope of FCC Part 15 ƒ Part 15 – Radio Frequency Devices (April 5 2005) ƒ Keep searching the newest version of Part 15 regulation ƒ http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/rules/ ƒ Subpart A – General ƒ Subpart B – Unintentional radiators ƒ Subpart C – Intentional radiators ƒ Subpart D – Unlicensed Personal Communications Service Deices ƒ Subpart E – Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure Devices ƒ Subpart F – Ultra-Wideband Operation FCC Part 15对非有意发射产品的要求 Frequency range Quasi Peak Average (MHz) dB(uV) dB(uV) 0.15 to 0.50 66 to 56 56 to 46 0.50 to 5 56 46 5 to 30 60 50 15.227操作在26.96-27.28MHz频段内 • 1.26.96-27.28MHz的有意发射的限值为 80dBμV/m，测量在3m距离进行。采用平均 值检波方式，15.35（b）的规定用于限制其峰 值发射。 • 2.在26.96-27.28MHz频段之外的发射不能超过 对一般无意发射的规定15.209。 15.229操作在40.66-40.70MHz频段内 •1.除按15.231操作以外，40.66-40.70MHz的有意发射的 限值为60dBμV/m，测量在3m距离进行。 •2.对于周围保护系统可以用以下限值：54dBμV/m，用平 均值检波方式。 •3.在40.66-40.70MHz频段之外的发射不能超过对一般无 意发射的规定15.209。 •4.载波频率的偏差保持在0.01%，测试条件为-20-50度正 常电压和20度85%-115%额定电压。对于用电池供电的产 品应使用新的电池进行测试。 15.235操作在49.82MHz –49.90MHz频段内 • 1.49.82MHz -49.90MHz的有意发射的限值为 80dBμV/m，测量在3m距离进行。采用平均 值检波方式，15.35（b）的规定用于限制其峰 值发射。 • 2.在频道上边及下边10KHz之内的无意发射的 限值为54dBμV/m与15.209中的大者。对于上 下边10KHz之外的无意发射的限值为15.209， 对于超过26dBμV/m的发射点应在报告上注明。 15.235操作在49.82MHz –49.90MHz频段内 •3.对于家用的有意发射，符合15.23（a）的规定，在此 频段内的产品应符合以下要求： •A,射频和调制产品应保持在49.82-49.90MHz之内。 •B,在任何调制条件下的总输入功率应小于100mW。 •C,天线应是一个单独部件，小于等于1m，固定于产品之 上。 •D,在使用频段之外的发射的限值为60dBμV/m。 •E,15.23（b）也一样。 •4.无线子母机电话不能工作在本频段内。 15.209对辐射的一般性限值 • 1.除了本部分有特殊的要求外对于从有意 辐射源产生的发射应采用以下的限值： 15.205无线电设备的频率分配的规定 Essential requirement for ID application ƒ FCC ID number (FCC ID:XXXABCDEFG) FCC 2.926 ƒ Grantee Code (XXX): 3 characters only, unique code, assigned permanently by FCC ƒ Equipment product code (ABCDEFG): 14 char max., Arabic numerals, capital letters or a combination thereof. May include the Dash or hyphen (-) ƒ Letter of Agency ƒ Confidential Letter ƒ Only Block diagram, Circuit diagram, Technical description and Part list ƒ Form 731 ƒ Labeling (With location and dimension) ƒ FCC ID no., Model no., Brand and FCC logo (if certificated as a digital device) Essential requirement for ID application (continued) ƒ User’s Manual ƒ Circuit Diagram ƒ System Block Diagram ƒ Must include all the frequency (e.g.: VCO, Crystal,…) ƒ Technical Description ƒ Especially for RF circuit ƒ Product Description ƒ Report ƒ All the plots are necessary Thank you! If you have any problem please feel free to contact me at totti.huang@intertek.com Íæ¾ßµÄCEºÍFCCÈÏÖ¤ Íæ¾ßµÄ·ÖÀ༰ËùÓõıê×¼ EN 55014-1¶ÔÍæ¾ßµÄ¶¨Òå EN 55014-1¶ÔÍæ¾ßµÄ¶¨Òå EN 55014-1¶ÔÍæ¾ßµÄ¶¨Òå EN 55014-1²âÊÔÏîÄ¿½éÉÜ-´«µ¼µçѹ EN 55014-1²âÊÔÏîÄ¿½éÉÜ-·øÉ书ÂÊ EN 55014-1²âÊÔÏîÄ¿½éÉÜ-·øÉ䳡ǿ EN 55014-1¶ÔÍæ¾ßµÄ·ÖÀ༰ÆäÒªÇó EN 55014-2 ²âÊÔÏîÄ¿½éÉÜ-¾²µç·Åµç EN 55014-2 ²âÊÔÏîÄ¿½éÉÜ-Âö³åȺ EN 55014-2 ²âÊÔÏîÄ¿½éÉÜ-ÀËÓ¿ EN 55014-2 ²âÊÔÏîÄ¿½éÉÜ-×¢ÈëµçÁ÷ EN 55014-2 ²âÊÔÏîÄ¿½éÉÜ-µçѹµøÂäºÍÖÐ¶Ï EN 55014-2¶ÔEUTµÄ·ÖÀ༰ҪÇó EN 61000-3-2 EN 61000-3-3 R&TTE²úÆ·ÈÏÖ¤¸ÅÂÛ R&TTE²úÆ·ÈÏÖ¤¸ÅÂÛ R&TTE²úÆ·ÈÏÖ¤¸ÅÂÛ R&TTE²úÆ·µÄ»ù±¾Ô­Àí R&TTE²úÆ·CEÈÏÖ¤²âÊÔÌõ¼þ EN 300 220-3²âÊÔÏîÄ¿ FCCµÄÈýÖÖÈÏ¿ÉÐÍʽ Verification Declaration of conformity Certification Scope of FCC Part 15 FCC Part 15¶Ô·ÇÓÐÒâ·¢Éä²úÆ·µÄÒªÇó 15.227²Ù×÷ÔÚ26.96-27.28MHzƵ¶ÎÄÚ 15.229²Ù×÷ÔÚ40.66-40.70MHzƵ¶ÎÄÚ 15.235²Ù×÷ÔÚ49.82MHz ¨C49.90MHzƵ¶ÎÄÚ 15.235²Ù×÷ÔÚ49.82MHz ¨C49.90MHzƵ¶ÎÄÚ 15.209¶Ô·øÉäµÄÒ»°ãÐÔÏÞÖµ 15.205ÎÞÏßµçÉ豸µÄƵÂÊ·ÖÅäµÄ¹æ¶¨ Essential requirement for ID application Essential requirement for ID application (continued)