专业学位硕士研究生英语Unit_1

nullnullENGLISH FOR GRADUATE STUDENTSnullExcuse NotesExcuses, Excusesnullnull Frank McCourt was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Irish immigrant parents. Unable to find work in the depths of the Depression, the McCourts returned to Ireland, where they sunk deeper into the poverty McCourt describes so movingly in his memoir, Angela's Ashes. null McCourt’s father, an alcoholic, was often without work. He drank up what little money he earned and eventually abandoned the family altogether. Three of the seven children died of diseases aggravated by malnutrition and the squalor of their surroundings. null Frank McCourt himself nearly died of typhoid fever when he was ten. Despite the horrors of McCourt's childhood, he told his story with humor, brilliant description, and deep compassion for his family, even for the shiftless father who instilled in him a love of language and storytelling. null After quitting school at 13, Frank McCourt alternated between odd jobs and petty crime in an effort to feed himself, his mother, and four surviving brothers and sisters. At 19, he returned to the United States and worked at odd jobs until he was drafted into the United States Army at the onset of the Korean War. McCourt spent the war stationed in Germany and on his return to civilian life was able to pursue a college education on the G.I. Bill. null Although he had never attended high school, he was able to persuade the admissions office of New York University to accept him as a student. Although his childhood interest in language and storytelling were fed by creative writing classes and his own constant reading, he did not feel ready to pursue as career as a professional writer. On graduation, he went to work for the New York City Public School system, where he taught for the next 27 years. null After years of teaching creative writing to young people, McCourt determined to write his own life story. Angela's Ashes sold over 4 million copies, has been published in 27 countries and has been translated into 17 languages. It won McCourt the National Book Critics Circle Award, the Los Angeles Times Book Award, the ABBY Award and the Pulitzer Prize for Biography.null His second book, 'Tis, picked up the story of his life where Angela's Ashes left off, with his arrival in America at age 19. It shot to the top of the best-seller lists as soon as it was published. His 2005 memoir, Teacher Man, chronicled his 27-year career in the New York City school system. Like its predecessor, it was an instant bestseller. Frank McCourt died in New York City at the age of 78. null Attila (A.D. 406–453), also known as Attila the Hun, was the Emperor of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. He was leader of the Hunnic Empire which stretched from Germany to the Ural River and from the River Danube to the Baltic Sea During his rule, he was one of the most fearsome of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires’ enemies: he invaded the Balkans twice and marchednull through Gaul (modern France) as far as Orleans before being defeated at the Battle of Chalons. He refrained from attacking either Constantinople or Rome. His story, that the Sword of Attila had come to his hand by miraculous means, was reported by the Roman Priscus nullLee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was, according to three United States government investigations, the assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, who was fatally shot on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. An Ex United States Marine who defected to the Soviet Union and later returned, Oswald was arrested on suspicion of killing Dallas police officer J. D. Tippit and later connected to the assassination of President Kennedy. nullOswald denied any responsibility for the murders. Two days later, while being transferred under police custody from the city jail to the county jail, Oswald was shot and mortally wounded by Jack Ruby on live television. In 1964 the Warren Commission concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated President John F. Kennedy single-handedly, a conclusion also reached by prior investigations of the FBI and the Dallas Police Department. In 1979, the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) concluded, based largely on outdated acoustic evidence, that Oswald assassinated Kennedy “probably as a result of a conspiracy.”null Julius Rosenberg (May 12, 1918 – June 19, 1953) and Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg (September 28, 1915 – June 19, 1953) were American communists who were executed in 1953 after having been found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage. The charges were in relation to the passing of information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. Their execution was the first of civilians, for espionage, in United States history. null Al Capone is America's best known gangster and the single greatest symbol of the collapse of law and order in the United States during the 1920s Prohibition era. Capone had a leading role in the illegal activities that lent Chicago its reputation as a lawless city. nullnullnullE.g. 1）Someone stole my credit card and forged my signature. 有人偷了我的信用卡,并假冒我的签名。 2）a forged passport 伪造的护照nullE.g. 1）This ring is genuine gold. 这枚戒指是真金的。 2）All genuine knowledge originates in direct experience. 一切真知都是从直接经验发源的。 3）a genuine signature 亲笔签字 4）a genuine person诚恳的人 5）a genuine breed 纯种nullE.g. 1) They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage. 他们把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。 2）We’ve allocated a sum of money to education. 我们已经拨出了一笔教育经费。nullE.g. 1）You have omitted my name in from the list. 你把我的名字从名单上漏掉了。 2）He omitted to state his reasons. 他未叙述理由。nullE.g. a hopeless plight 绝望的境地 be in a sorry [pitiable, wretched] plight 处境困窘 He is in a sad plight. 他陷入了悲惨的境地。nullE.g. 1) I can attest to the absolute truth of his story. 我可以证实他的话是千真万确的。 2) The child’s good health attests his mother’s care. 这孩子健康的身体证实他母亲照料周到。 3)I have said nothing that I am not ready to attest. 我发誓, 我说的话句句属实。 4)The handwriting expert attested to the genuineness of the signature. 笔迹专家作证该签名无讹。nullnullE.g. 1）to glance at one’s watch 看一下 2) She glanced along the road to see if he was coming. 她沿路扫视着，看他是否要来了。 3) He glanced at his watch and then looked at the sky. 他看了看手表,然后又看了看天空。nullE.g. turn coins into paper money 把硬币换成纸币 Can you turn this article into Chinese? 你能把这篇文章译成汉语吗?nullE.g. 1) He urged her to rest. 他催促她休息。 2)When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. 当我的老朋友布赖恩怂恿我接受一支香烟时,我实在熬不住了。nullnullsee somebody doing something “看见某人正在做某事” 例: I saw her cleaning the classroom. 我看到她正在扫打教室（强调正在做某事） I saw him coming towards the school building. 我看见他朝学校大楼走来. I saw them watching TV. 我看见他们正在看电视.null我看见迈克正在写假条,……nullbe supposed to do something :意为“应该…… ”；“被期望……”，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等， “\强调客观上 。 例：He is supposed to work hard. 他应该努力工作。 Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in the car. 每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。 Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike. 老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。 null 那些假条应该是由他们的父母写才对，……nullsooner or later…迟早 E.g. 1) He hasn’t got any money, so he’s bound to turn up sooner or later. 他没有钱, 所以, 他必定会出现的。 2) You should tell her, because she’ll find out sooner or later. 你还是告诉她吧, 因为她迟早会发觉的. 3)You will leave your parents sooner or later. 你迟早会离开父母的null我捂出，总有一天，人人需要借口。 nullnull 借口，借口 弗兰克· 麦考特 学生杜撰了种种假条,我把它们用作一堂课的教案 [1]我在纽约史坦顿岛的拉尔夫麦基职业学校教《创意写作》已经到第三个年头了。一天早晨，我的一个学生，16岁的米奇，递过来一张请假条，解释他缺席的原因。上面写到： [2]“亲爱的麦考特先生：米奇的外婆，也就是我妈，今年80岁了。由于咖啡喝多了，从楼梯上掉了下来，所以我得把米奇留在家，照顾他祖母，还有他妹妹，我自己得去码头上班。请原谅米奇的缺席，他以后一定会表现好的！又及：他外婆没事。”我亲眼看到这小子为了不让我认出他的笔迹，用左手写的这请假条。可是我对此事没有言语。　null[3]那段时间我收到的以父母名义写的请假条，绝大多数都是是学生由自己操刀。自从学会写作那天起，他们就开始编假条了。如果我要是一一追究，那好，简直一天24小时都闲不下来。 [4]我把米奇的假条连同其它几十份类似的假条塞进抽屉。时逢考试时段，我决定把我先前读过的假条在班上念给大家听。我把它们分成两摞，第一摞是确实出自妈妈们之手，第二摞是学生们以妈妈的名义写的。第二摞的份数要多些，而且写作风格各异，有的富于想像，有的富于异想。null[5]我突然灵机一动。 [6]这岂不是不可思议，我暗暗想，当我要求学生们写个200字的作文时，他们牢骚满腹，抱怨写不出什么。但是写起请假条来，却文思泉涌？我收集的那些请假条，真该入选《美国假条大全》。它们是在歌曲、故事、研究中从未出现过的才智佳作。 [7]这简直是美国高中写作的典范佳作，原创,真实,紧迫的，明晰的，简单，说谎。我读到： [8]我家炉子着火了，顺着墙纸烧，消防队员来忙了一夜，我们一宿没睡… null[9] 阿诺德完成了您布置的作业，昨天乘坐地铁的时候，书包被地铁门夹住，车开走了，所以作业也没了。 [10]他妹妹的狗把他的作业给吃了，但愿这该死的狗给噎死。 [11]我们从公寓被赶了出来，那个可恶的治安官说如果我的儿子一直嚷着要他的笔记本的话，他就把我们全都抓起来。 [12]杜撰这些借口的作者没有意识到诚实的借口常常乏味，如：皮特迟到了是因为闹钟没响。null[13] 一天，我打印了十多份借口假条，把它们发给我的高年级班。学生们全神贯注，安静地阅读。 “麦考特先生，是谁写的？”一男孩问道。 [14] “是你们写的，”我回答。“出于保护作者的目的，我划掉姓名。这些假条按道理是由父母写的，不过你们和我都知道真正的作者是谁，对吧，米奇？” [15] “那么我们接下来要做什么？” [16] “这是第一堂学习借口假条写作艺术-第一次课堂练习写作借口假条。你们很幸运要拿出你们的佳作，把它变成值得学习的主题。”null [17] 每位学生面带笑容。我接着说“你们不必只写旧闹钟的故事。发挥你们的想象。也许有一天，你的孩子们上学迟到或缺席或做了捣蛋事，你得为他们编借口。想象一下你有个15岁大的孩子需要编写英语成绩落后的理由。 我们开始吧。” [18]学生们编撰了种种理由，从一辆16轮大车撞上房子到学校餐厅造成的严重食物中毒。他们纷纷说：“再写一个，再写一个。我们可以多写点吗？” [19]我答道：“你们写吧…..” “我完成了,” “亚当给上帝的请假条” “夏娃给上帝的请假条.”这些学生唰唰唰地写着,头都不抬。 [20]不久，下课铃声响起，我第一次看到学生如此沉浸在写作中以致要他们的朋友催促着去吃午饭： "呦，勒尼，快点，等会再做。null[21]第二天每人都带来他们写好的假条，请假人从亚当到夏娃，更从上帝到撒旦。一名女生为亚当的诱惑辩解道：夏娃厌倦了在天堂里整天撒谎，无所事事。也厌倦了上帝干涉他们的生活。　 [22]学生就亚当和夏娃的罪进行激烈讨论。虽然有些迹象，但是还没有人对上帝说难听的话。有学生说，上帝应该对人类第一个男人和第一个女人的处境多些理解。 [23]我让全班同学思考任何一个可能找个好借口的历史人物。我把自己的建议写在了黑板上： 爱娃·布劳恩，希特勒的女朋友；朱利叶斯与伊瑟尔罗森伯格，因卖国罪被处死；犹大；阿提拉；奥斯瓦耳德；铝彭；null[24]“呦，麦考特先生，你能把老师们也写上去吗？” 一学生问。 [25]然后，我听到有人说，“麦考特先生，校长在门口。” [26]当校长和学监走进来时，我的心直往下沉。他们都没和我打招呼，径直走到学生面前，盯着看学生的作文。学监拿了一份给校长看。 [27]学监皱了皱眉头，校长撅起嘴。当他们出去时，校长要我下课后去找学监。 [28]我想，又玩完了，等着被炒鱿鱼吧。校长坐在桌子旁，学监则站着。““请进，”学监说。“我只想告诉你，这堂课，这个话题—先不管你到底在做什么—简直太棒了！那些孩子达到了大学水平。” null[29]他转向校长说：“那个为犹大找借口写假条的，太棒了。我要和你握握手，” 他边说边转向我，“你的档案里会增加一封你富有活力和想象力的教学的信。谢谢你。” [30]天哪！能得到如此重要人物的赞扬。我不知是应该在过道上飘舞，还是纵身飞起来？第二天我得意地在教室里哼唱小调。 [31]学生们放声大笑。他们说：“嘿，学校每天都应该这样，我们写借口假条，老师们突然引亢高歌。” 我悟出，总有一天，人人需要借口。如果我们今天唱歌，明天照样可以唱，为什么不呢？ 高兴的时候哼哼小调需要借口吗？ nullnullI. Suggestion: the teacher may divide the students into small groups, and then ask each group to do the exercise and find out the most common ones, for example, patience, understanding, a sense of humor, etc. II. All the sentences share the similarities of being sick. And illness is a common excuse that most students use for their absences.Part I Warm-upnullReading comprehension I D D A B D II (1) creative (2) forged (3) piles (4) genuine (5) excuses (6) talent (7) absorbed (8) lunch (9) praised (10) needed Vocabulary I D B B B A C D A C B nullII 1. superintendent 2. attest 3. genuine 4. turn into 5. glance at 6. excuse 7. evicted 8. disguise 9. worthy 10. imagination Translation  1.我每天收到以父母名义写的请假条，很多是学生自己写的。自从他们学会写作之日起，就开始编假请假条。如果我要是一一追究，那好，简直一天24小时都闲不下来。 2.当校长和学监走进来时，我的心直往下沉。他们都没和我打招呼，径直走到学生面前，盯着看学生的作文。学监拿了一份给校长看。 3.我悟出，总有一天，人人需要借口。如果我们今天唱歌，明天照样可以唱，为什么不呢？高兴的时候哼哼小调需要借口吗？null 1. comes 2. is 3. will fall 4. would allow 5. is ringing 6. have 7.will be having 8. were working 9. wrote 10. is going to rain null1.世上没有无缘无故的爱，也没有无缘无故的恨。 2.事实胜于雄辩。 3.情人眼里出西施。 4.凭票入内！ 5.从崇高到荒谬只有一步之遥。