徐老师送给2010考研同学的礼物8

声明：本资料由 大家论坛考研论坛http://club.topsage.com/forum-28-1.html 收集整理，转载请注明出自 http://club.topsage.com Lesson 29 Funny or not? 是否可笑？ 一、【Text】课文 Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up. The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears. Most funny stories are based on comic situations. In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal. No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films. However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into fashion. It is called' sick humour '. Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents. Many people find this sort of joke distasteful. The following example of 'sick humour' will enable you to judge for yourself. A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas. From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home. He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. Though the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow. On Christmas day, the man still had his right leg in plaster. He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing. The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble along to a party. To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him. In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals. He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.   二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语   ●largely        adv. 在很大程度上 ●comic   adj. 喜剧的，可笑的 ●universal     adj. 普遍的 ●comedian     n. 滑稽演员，喜剧演员 ●distasteful    adj. 讨厌的 ●pester   v. 一再要求，纠缠 ●dread   v. 惧怕 ●recovery      n. 康复 ●plaster n. 熟石膏 ●console        v. 安慰，慰问 ●hobble v. 瘸着腿走 ●compensate v. 补偿 ●mumble       v. 喃喃而语   ■largely  adv. 在很大程度上 Eg.: He success was largely due to luck.   ■comic adj. 喜剧的，可笑的 ■universal adj. 普遍的 universal agent 全权代理人 universal time 世界时 universal joint 万向接头 universality n. 普遍性 universally adv. Eg.: It universally acknowledged that English is getting more and more important. universe 宇宙   ■comedian n. 滑稽演员，喜剧演员 comedy 喜剧 tragedy 悲剧 tragic 悲剧的 comic 喜剧的   ■distasteful adj. 讨厌的 Eg.: The idea is distasteful to me. distastefully adv.   ■pester v. 一再要求，纠缠 ==assail (l28) pester sb. to do pester sb. with Eg.: He contunually pesters his boss with demands. pester sb. for sth.   ■dread v. 惧怕 后面可以跟名词、动名词、不定式搭配连用 Eg.: We were dreading his arrival.我们正担心他来呢。 I dread to think what will happened if she find out. He dread having to meet his parents. dreadful adj. dreaded in dread of fear 一般的恐惧 horrify 使恐怖，使极度恐惧   ■recovery n. 康复 ■plaster n. 熟石膏 ■console v. 安慰，慰问 Eg.: He is consoling his friend in grief for the loss of child.   ■hobble v. 瘸着腿走 ■compensate v. 补偿 ■mumble v. 喃喃而语           三、【课文精析】   Key sentence:        I found it difficult to finish the work in a day. 此句话是文章的topic   be based on:以……作为基础 It was difficult not to be tempted Stem from, come from, arise from, originate from His feeling of hate stems from envy Her interest in flowers stemed from her childhood in the country come into fashion 开始流行 come into being  开始形成 come into power 开始执政   Key sentence:        Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents. Some funny stories are based on tragic situations.   Key sentence:        From the moment he arrived at party, he enjoyed himself very much.   keep doing sth. 不间断的，不停的做某事 keep on doing sth. 反复、重复干某事(中间可以有短暂的暂停) (keep: vi.) Don’t keep on asking silly questions. He kept smoking all the while. He kept on smoking all the while. keep +宾语+动词ing形式，keep on 不能用于该句型 He kept me waiting for an hour. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.   dread to do ==dread doing   a miserable day: a terrible day   think of 想到，想起，想着 When I saw you I thought of my sister. think of doing sth. He is thinking of setting up a school.   spend time doing sth.   by 通过某种方式手段 dread to do = dread doing a miserable day: a terrible day think of:想到，想起，想着 When I saw you I thought of my sister. think of doing sth. He is thinking of setting up a school. spend time doing sth. by:通过某种方式手段 I arrived here by train. 在表达可能性这个语句的时候，经常采用复数形式 chances of My chances of passing the examination are good. It is quite possible for me to pass the examination. His chances of being dismissed are good. his chances of doing sth. are good. / remote  做……可能性极大/极小 remote His chances of arriving here by bicycle are remote. slight He took heart when he got the good news. lose heart :失去信心，失去勇气   The cake is more than I can eat. mecessary, gook, possible, anticipate, expect, feel, suggest, report, require, think   He eats more than is good for him. as He arrived as I expected. / He arrived as was expected. He eats just as much as is good for him. He eats more than is good for him. The man drank just as much was good for him. She is quite fat. ==She isn’t right fat.   Yesterday I went swimming. In the process, I had a very good time.   I was lookingfor yourhouse and got lostin the process. keep telling ==keep on telling   how much ----to what extent How much can I trust him?   when: at that moment       Lesson 30 The death of a ghost 幽灵之死 一、【Text】课文 For years villagers believed that Endley farm was haunted. The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox. They employed a few farm hands, but no one was willing to work there long. Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the sam story. Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find the work had been done overnight. Hay had been cut and cow sheds had been cleaned. A farm worker,who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight. In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them. No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. This was indeed the case. A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died. Everyone went to the funeral, for the 'ghost' was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over forty years. Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers. He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War. As he hated army life he decided to desert his regiment. When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his farther hid him until the end of the war. Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well. His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action. The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob. They did not even tell their wives. When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse.He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley. When he died, however, his brothers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer.   【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ●labourer n. 劳动者 ●overnight adv. 一夜之间 ●hay n. 干草 ●corn n. 谷物 ●moonlight n. 月光 ●conscientious adj. 认真的 ●suspect v. 怀疑 ●desert v. （军队中）开小差 ●regiment n. （军队）团 ●action n. 战斗 ●recluse n. 隐士   ■labourer n. 劳动者 labourer 特别强调使用体力，而不是技能；户外工作 workman    指具有某种工艺技能的半熟练工人 worker     泛指，暗示具有更高的技术水平，通常指脑力劳动者 farmhand   农场雇工，农业工人; farm labourer   ■overnight adv. 一夜之间 ■hay n. 干草 ■corn n. 谷物 ■moonlight n. 月光 ■conscientious adj. 认真的 a conscientious teacher conscious adj. 意识到的，清楚的   ■suspect v. 怀疑 suspect vt. 怀疑  to believe to be true or likely I suspected him of stealing the car. suspected that… He suspected that his girlfriend tried to hide her true feelings. suspect sb. to be I suspect him to be a spy. doubt 怀疑, 表示否定的语意 I doubt whether he is a liar. / I suspect that he is a liar. I doubt the truth of his statement. suspicious adj. Cats are suspicious of human beings. suspicion n. 猜疑，怀疑   ■desert v. （军队中）开小差 desert vt. run away without permission The soldier deserted his army. We sheltered from the storm in a deserted hut. abandon 放弃 desert 违背法律、道义、责任、信仰 desert the army, desert school, desert his duty, desert his family abandon 被迫放弃所感兴趣或所负责任的东西。 He had to abandon his favorite research because of the war. forsake vt.  放弃，抛弃，与……脱离关系 Eg.: He forsook his family. discard v. 放弃，丢弃： give up as useless Eg.: everyday we discard a large amount of rubbish.   ■regiment n. （军队）团 ■action n. 战斗 ■recluse n. 隐士   二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语   三、【课文精析】   It is said the public house was haunted. haunt: visit somewhere very often He haunted this cinema.   own == possess the farm was possessed by two brothers. be willing to ==be ready to do   every time ==whenever引导时间状语从句 Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble. Whenever I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.   wake up to find that  醒过来的时候，结果却发现…… to 不定式做结果状语 He woke up to find that he was surrounded by a large crowd of people. He hurried to the post office only to find that it was shut.   and 平行句式结构 hay 干草   A farm worker, who…, claimed to … 句子主干：A farm worker claimed to … claim to have done claim to have done 声称做过某事 Eg: He claimed to have seen the puma. Seamen claimed to have seen monsters. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 who 引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明 a farm worker These young people, who love the peace of the moutains, always receive a warm welcome at Salnt Bernard Monastery. stay up : not to go to bed I stayed up last night The boy sat up to see the film. wait up for/sit up for 为了等待某人回来而不睡觉 Don’t wait up for me, I’ll be home very late. burn the midnight oil 开夜车 Eg: I have to burn the midnight oil tonight to complete work.   in time 最后，终于   It became an accepted fact that… 变成一个大家都接受的事实 that 引导同位语从句，补充说明fact   同位语补充说明先行词的内涵 An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way. Everybody had already accepted the fact that the puma is still at large. It becomes an accepted fact that eht puma is still at large.   that引导定语从句   No one suspected that… someone else who had neer been seen   be astonished = be surprised astonish, surprise, amaze, astound be astonished to do sth. I’m not surprised to see he is still as fat as before.   for == as 是对全句的补述   none other than == no other than  强调结构，表示不是别人而正是…… Eg: The man who had sent the flowers was none other than the man she had spoken to the night before.   It was no other than my old friend Johnson. The man who spoke to her was none other than her husband.   nothing else than 仅仅 Eg: His failiure was due to nothing else than his own carelessness.   a third brother 又一位兄弟 who was supposed = who was thought He was supposed to have died 20 years before.   keep secret    保密 reveal secret   揭露秘密，披露秘密 The press revealed the scandal. He kept secret for a long time. he kept it to himself for a long time.   very much : much 用来加强语气 be obliged to do = be forced to do 被迫做某事 He had been in hiding... Fearing the authorities...现在分词引导原因状语 in hiding = in concealment he remained in hiding at home...   the only other people who knew the secret 仅知道的人 the only other people who finished the work 仅完成这项工作的人   they thought it their duty to... it 形式宾语 I thought it very difficult to pass this examination. We all think it our duty to support our parents. 形式宾语it和宾语补足语直接搭配连用，宾语补足语可以是名词或形容词   形容词短语做状语，进一步补充说明全句  quite unaware of the fact that... that 引导同位语从句 We amass requisites quite unaware of the fact. amass  收藏，积聚   his brothers found it impossible to do... it形式宾语 It is quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours. I found it quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.   Lesson 31 A lovable eccentric 可爱的怪人 一、【Text】课文   True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves. They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary. This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life. Up to the time of his death, Richard Colson was one of the most notable figures in our town. He was a shrewd and wealthy businessman, but most people in the town hardly knew anything about this side of his life. He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died. Dickie disliked snobs intensely. Though he owned a large car, he hardly ever used it, preferring always to go on foot. Even when it was raining heavily, he refused to carry an umbrella. One day, he walked into an expensive shop after having been caught in a particularly heavy shower. He wanted to buy a ￡300 watch for his wife, but he was in such a bedraggled condition that an assistant refused to serve him. Dickie left the shop without a word and returned carrying a large cloth bag. As it was extremely heavy, he dumped it on the counter. The assistant asked him to leave, but Dickie paid no attention to him and requested to see the manager. Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and 'reprimanded the assistant severely. When Dickie was given the watch, he presented the assistant with the cloth bag. It contained ￡300 in pennies. He insisted on the assistant's counting the money before he left---- 30,000 pennies in all! On another occasion, he invited a number of important critics to see his private collection of modern paintings. This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, for though the pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists, they had in fact been painted by Dickie. It took him four years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove that critics do not always know what they are talking about.   二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语   ●lovable        adj. 可爱的 ●eccentric      n. （行为）古怪的人 ●disregard     v. 不顾，漠视 ●convention   n. 习俗，风俗 ●conscious     adj. 感觉到的，意识到的 ●invariably    adv. 总是，经常地 ●routine        n. 常规；惯例 ●shrewd        adj. 精明的 ●eccentricity n. 怪僻 ●legendary    adj. 传奇般的 ●snob     n. 诌上欺下的人 ●intensely      adv. 强烈地 ●bedraggled   adj 拖泥带水的 ●dump   v. 把……砰的一声抛下 ●apologetic    adj. 道歉的 ●reprimand    v. 训斥 ●stage    v. 暗中策划 ●elaborate     adj. 精心构思的   ■lovable adj. 可爱的 lovable == worthy of love lovely = beautiful 可爱的 lovable    惹人爱 Eg: What he does is lovable.     I like the lovely boy/girl. A large number of eccentrics are lovable. 许多怪人惹人喜爱。   ■eccentric n. （行为）古怪的人 eccentric: a person whose behaviou is peculiar, unusual, rather strange. eccentric: adj. peculiar, unusual; strange strange因为陌生而奇怪 Eg.: The modern building looks strange to the villages. eccentric 行为举止古怪 Eg.: I can’t get on well with him, because he is eccentric. odd 强调因为少见而多怪 Eg.: Look, he is wearing an odd hat. peculiar 奇异的，不同寻常的 The house is peculiar. I feel peculiar today. ==I feel uncomfortable / ill. == I’m not myself today. eccentricity n. 怪癖   ■disregard v. 不顾，漠视 disregard: ignore; pay no attention to Disregard noise and keep working disregard n. have disregard of / for He has complete disregard of / for my feelings. in disregard of He did the work in disregard of my instructions. treat sb. with disregard 怠慢某人 Anyway, don’t treat your friends with disregard.   ■convention n. 习俗，风俗 convention: generally accepted practice. Shaking hands when meeting people is normal convention in China. custom 历史悠久的社会习俗 It’s a custom of giving presents at Christmas. He always does exactly what he wants and does not care about convention. practice 某团体的传统做法或令他人无法接受的习俗 Eg.: The normal practice in the company is to send bill as soon as the job is done. Your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat--the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.(三册L23) tradition  传统 Spending Christmas Day is a tradition for western people. habit 个人习惯 I have a habit of reading English aloud in the morning.   ■conscious adj. 感觉到的，意识到的 conscious ==aware be conscious of / that be aware of / that He is quite unaware of the danger. He is not conscious of the danger. class conscious 有阶级意识的 family conscious 有家庭观念的 clothes conscious 注重衣着的 stairs conscious  注重地位的 aware, conscious的反义词直接加un- unaware, unconscious subconscious 下意识的 consciousness n.   ■invariably adv. 总是，经常地 ■routine n. 常规；惯例 routine: the regular fixed way of sth. / doing things follow the routine 墨守常规 break the routine 打破常规 start the daily routine 开始每天的日常生活   ■shrewd adj. 精明的 shrewed: showing good practical judgement 精明的，狡滑的，敏锐的，机灵的 He is a shrewed observer. We have got shrewed common sense. Sb. is shrewed. == He has good judgement. shrewed brained shrewed headed  头脑机灵的 shrewed looking 看起来机灵的   L31-02  end  11’26”   L31-03  begin  11’00”   cunning: clever at deceiving 善于歉骗的 sly 用更隐秘的办法来达到目的 a sly old fox   ■eccentricity n. 怪僻 ■legendary adj. 传奇般的 ■snob n. 诌上欺下的人 ■intensely adv. 强烈地 intense adj. very strong ; violent; extreme; sharp; etc. intense cold 严寒 intense heat 酷暑 intense discussion 激烈的讨论 intensify vt. 使增强 You must intensify your sense of responsibility.你必须加强责任感。 intensity n. Losing jobs are growing in intensity.   sth are growing in intensity ……（某种程度）在加强 Eg: Losing jobs are growing in intensity.   ■bedraggled adj 拖泥带水的 ■dump v. 把……砰的一声抛下 ■reprimand v. 训斥 reprimand: scold officially and severely blame     责备(语气程度很弱) Eg.: The teacher blamed him for his coming late. scold       斥责(语气稍重一点) Don’t scold me for a trifle. reproach  斥责 (语气最严重) He often reproached his children. reprimand: scold officially and severely The boss reprimanded his employees severely.   ■apologetic adj. 道歉的 apologize v. He apologized to his boss. The boss apologized to his employees. He was apologetic. 他致以歉意 apology n. 歉意 make apology to sb. for sth.   ■stage v. 暗中策划 He stage a joke.   ■elaborate adj. 精心构思的 elaborate == carefully worked out an elaborate design 精心的设计 elaborate vt. He elaborated a system of computer.   三、【课文精析】   deliberately: on purpose set out to do = set about doing = start doing / to do sth. draw attention to 吸引对......的注意 capture/attract/hold/catch/arrest/receive/draw attention to  吸引对……的注意力   He made a mistake without being conscious of the fact invariably = always Her fine character quickly won her the friendship of her colleagues   win sb sth 为某人赢得…… add colour to 增添色彩 Eccentrics add colour to our dull life.   up to the time of his death: before he died. 完成时 notable: famous this side of his life 生活的这一面   Dickie disliked snobs intensely / violently preferring 现在分词做伴随状况状语   be caught in a heavy shower   遇到瓢泼大雨 be caught in a heavy snow      遇到大雪 be caught in a heavy storm   遇到风暴   pay no attention to sb = ignore sb = take no notice of sb = turn a deaf ear to sb对……不予理睬 Dickie took no notice of him dickie turned a deaf ear to him. refuse to listen to   request 求见（非常正式而有礼貌的用词，语气相当强烈，假如你request某件东西的话，通常你有权利得到你想要的。） I requested the headmaster. Every student can request assistance of their teachers.’ demand 在语气上还要强烈，假如你demand某件东西的话，你坚决认为