青春.doc 英语学习宝典4

A Youth作者塞缪尔·厄尔曼（Samuel Ullman, 1840—1920），生于德国，童年移居美国，参加过“南北战争”，曾经是五金制造商，并热衷于公益事业，是著名的教育家和社会活动家。他的名篇《青春》美妙绝伦，曾被美军名将道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟以及日本实业家松下幸之助等要人视为座右铭。 Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, and a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, selfdistrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust. Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young. When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80. Vocabulary List【词汇清单】 rosy cheeks：玫瑰色的双颊，粉红色的面颊 lip [lip] n. one of the two edges of the mouth where the skin is delicate and rather red 嘴唇，唇缘 eg: He kissed her on the lips. 他吻了她的嘴唇。 supple [ˈsʌpl] adj. bending or moving easily, esp. in the joints of the body （身体）柔软的，柔韧的，伸曲自如的 eg: She was sitting on an outcrop, her slim body supple. 她坐在一块突出的岩石上，身材苗条柔软。 vigor [ˈviɡə] n. [U] forcefulness; strength shown in power of action 精力，活力 eg: He is full of vigor, but fails in carefulness. 他劲头很足，但不够仔细。 emotion [iˈməuʃən] n. any strong feeling of the human spirit 情绪，情感 eg: Love, hatred and grief are emotions. 爱、恨和忧伤都是强烈的情感。 同义词：feeling freshness [freʃnis] n. alive and kicking清新，新鲜，生机勃勃 eg: It is the freshness of the deep springs of life. 它是人生春色深处的一缕清新。 反义词：staleness spring [spriŋ] n. foundation stone; source; a place from which something comes 源泉，起源，渊源 eg: The custom has its spring in another coountry. 这种习俗起源于另一个国家。 temperamental [ˌtemprəˈmentəl] adj. caused by nature 由人的气质引起的，性情的 eg: temperamental indifference to neatness and ordre 生来不注意整洁和条理的特点 predominance [priˈdɔminəns] n. the state of being predominant over others主导，支配 eg: The policy is designed to prevent the predominance of one group over another. 该政策旨在防止一些人压制另一些人。 同义词：predomination timidity [tiˈmiditi] n. fearfulness in venturing into new and unknown places or activities 胆怯，羞怯 eg: A man through great timidity or sloth often turns a molehill into a mountain. 一个人出于极端害怕或懒惰往往会小题大做。 同义词：timidness 反义词：boldness，daring，hardihood appetite [ˈæpitait] n. a feeling of craving something 欲求，渴望（for） eg: He had no appetite for hard work. 他不愿干艰苦的工作。 desert [ˈdezət] v. 1) to leave empty or leave completely 放弃，抛弃 eg: Never desert a friend in need. 决不要抛弃有困难的朋友。 2) to leave (military service) without permission （军人）开小差；擅离职守 eg: Many soldiers deserted during the battle. 在那次战斗中许多士兵开小差了。 同义词：abandon，forsake，leave 反义词：fertile wrinkle [ˈriŋkl] v. gather or contract into wrinkles or folds; make wrinkles or creases into a smooth surface（使）起皱纹，起皱褶 eg: She wrinkled her nose at the smell. 她闻到这气味就皱起了鼻子。 同义词：crease，crinkle，fold，pucker enthusiasm [inˈθju:ziæzəm] n. a feeling of excitement; overflowing with enthusiasm热心，热情，热忱 eg: The speech aroused the enthusiasm of the students. 那篇演说唤起了学生们的热情。 self-distrust [ˈselfdisˈtrʌst] n. lack of self-confidence 缺乏自信，自卑 eg: Self-distrust is the cause of most of our failures. 我们绝大多数的失败都是因为缺乏自信的缘故。 同义词：diffidence，self-doubt bow [bəu] v. 1) submit or yield to another's wish or opinion 压弯，（使）扭曲、屈服 eg: The king bowed his will to the nobles’ demands. 国王对贵族们的要求让步。 lure [luə] v. provoke someone to do something through (often false or exaggerated) promises or persuasion吸引，引诱 eg: The hunter lured the fox into a trap. 猎人诱使狐狸落入陷阱。 同义词：attract，entice，tempt unfailing [ʌnˈfeiliŋ] adj. (esp. of something good) never ceasing to be (so)经久不衰的，无穷尽的 eg: Their discipline and good behaviour was unfailing. 他们的纪律和良好行为始终如一。 the Infinite [ˈinfinit] n. <修辞>上帝 aerial [ˈɛəriəl] n. an electrical device that sends or receives radio or television signals（用于接收电磁波的）天线 eg: He climbed up to the roof to adjust the aerial for a better reception. 他爬上屋顶调整天线, 以改善接收效果。 cynicism [ˈsinisizəm] n. a cynical feeling of distrust 玩世不恭、愤世嫉俗的态度，爱讥讽人的习癖 eg: Will she abandon her cynicism and embrace romance? 她会放弃她的玩世不恭而拥抱浪漫吗？ pessimism [ˈpesimizəm] n. the habit of thinking that whatever happens will be bad 悲观（论），厌世主义 eg: He never gave himself up to pessimism in spite of difficulties. 尽管遇到困难他从没有消极悲观过。 optimism [ˈɔptimizəm] n. the habit of thinking that whatever happens will be good; and that things will end well 乐观主义，乐观情绪 eg: Optimism made him alive through the hard days. 乐观主义使他在艰难的岁月里活了下来。 结构 本文第一段以三项排比句来给“青春”下定义。最能说明三项排比结构语言特点的是： I came; I saw; I conquer. ( 我来了；我看见；我征服) 它出自古罗马统治者Julius Caesar之口。气势磅礴、铿锵有力的语言给后人留下了深刻印象。这个三项排比句生动形象地描述了这位统治者的勇气、傲气和霸气。三项排比结构是英语写作中一个较为常见的修辞手段，它既能增加文章的清晰度，又能使一个句子或一个段落的思想内容逐步递进，达到高潮。 长难句解析 1) In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young. so long as只要，引导条件状语从句。so long are you young 为倒装结构，示强调。 2) When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80. 并列句。When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20是第一句，带由When引导的时间状语从句；but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80 是第二句，带一个由as long as引导的条件状语从句。两句由转折连词but连接。 段落背诵 Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, and a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. 背诵理由：三项排比结构下定义 参考译文【Suggested Translation】 青春 青春，并非人生的一段时光，而是一种精神状态；亦非粉颊红唇和冰肌柔骨，而是刚强的意志、灵秀的想像和充满活力的情感；它是使生命之泉永不枯竭的常青树。 青春，意味着一种非凡气质：敢做敢为而不怯懦退缩、甘冒风险而不贪恋安逸。在一位60岁老者的身上，这种气质的存在可能甚于20岁的小伙子。没有人会单单由于岁月的流逝而衰老，有的人却因为放弃理想而老态龙钟。 流年时光可以在皮肤上留下皱纹，而熄灭热情则会使心灵起皱。忧虑、恐惧和缺乏自信只会使人心胸狭隘，心灰意冷。 不管是60岁还是16岁，每个人的心里都会被新奇事物所吸引，都会像孩子一样对未来洋溢着无穷无尽的憧憬，都会在生活的游戏（境遇）之中获取欢乐。在你我心灵的深处，都有一座无线电台：只要它从人群中间和造物主那里接收到美、希望、鼓励、勇气和力量的电波，你我就会青春常在。 一旦这座电台的天线收拢，一旦玩世不恭的冷雪和悲观绝望的寒冰覆盖了你的心灵，即使你只有20岁，也未老先衰了；但是只要它的天线始终竖立在你的心中，捕捉着每一个乐观向上的电波，纵使你80而逝之时也会青春永驻。