科普知识学英语 森林大火对蝙蝠生存影响甚少

海量资料下载 免费学习英语 www.englishvip.com/xinlw.htm （申请网址） A survey of bat activity in burned and unburned areas after a major wildfire in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains found no evidence of detrimental（有害的） effects on bats one year after the fire. The findings suggest that bats are resilient to high-severity fire, and some species may even benefit from the effects of fire on the landscape. The study, led by bat ecologist Winifred Frick of the University of California, Santa Cruz, was published in the journal PLOS ONE on March 6. The findings are important because current understanding of how wildlife responds to fire is based almost entirely on studies of a limited number of species, most of them birds, Frick said. Bats make up a large component of mammalian diversity in forest ecosystems, where they play an important role as insect predators.   "This is the first study to directly address species-level response by bats to stand-replacing fire, and our results show that moderate to high-severity fire has neutral or positive impacts on a suite of bat species," Frick said.   Studies that show how animals respond to fire help inform the ongoing public policy debate over the role of fire in ecosystem management and whether fires should be suppressed or allowed to burn on public lands, according to coauthor Joseph Fontaine, a fire ecologist at Murdoch University in Perth, Australia.   "A great deal of tension exists between public land managers, environmental groups, and other stakeholders--including homeowners, ranching interests, and the timber industry--over allowing stand-replacing crown fires on public forests," Fontaine said. "This study fills a critical gap on how fire affects an important group of animals."   The researchers conducted the study in an area of Sequoia and Inyo National Forests where the 2002 McNally Fire burned more than 150,000 acres. The fire burned with mixed severity, leaving a mosaic of low- to high-severity damage, as well as patches of unburned forest. The study compared bat foraging（觅食） activity in areas of unburned, moderately burned, and severely burned forest.   The researchers conducted surveys in 2003, using high-frequency microphones to record the ultrasonic echolocation pulses that bats use to hunt insects. Of the 16 bat species known to live in the area, some have distinctive sonic signatures, while others can be sorted into groups with similar echolocation sounds and foraging behaviors. In this study, the researchers identified six "phonic groups," including three individual species and three groups of species.   The results showed that the responses of the six phonic groups to moderate and high-severity fire were either neutral or positive. The heterogeneity such fires create in the landscape may be an important feature, resulting in a habitat structure that benefits a range of species, Frick said. 后主要在内华达山脉南部的野火烧毁，未燃尽地区蝙蝠活动的调查发现，没有证据显示有害的（有害的）一年后火蝙蝠影响。研究结果表明，蝙蝠是弹性高严重火灾，一些物种甚至可能从中受益火灾影响景观。3月6日，蝙蝠生态学家雪梅的弗里克，圣克鲁斯加州大学的领导，研究结果发表在期刊PLoS ONE上。这一发现非常重要，因为目前了解的野生动物如何响应火灾几乎完全基于数量有限的物种的研究，其中大多数鸟类，弗里克说。蝙蝠在森林生态系统中的一大组成部分哺乳动物的多样性，弥补，昆虫天敌他们发挥了重要作用。   弗里克说：“这是第一项研究中，直接处理站更换火蝙蝠种级响应，我们的研究结果显示，适度的到高严重性火有蝙蝠种类一套中性或正面的影响，”。   研究表明动物如何应对火灾帮助告知正在进行火的作用，在生态系统管理和公共政策辩论是否应该被抑制，或允许在公共土地上燃烧火灾，根据火灾生态学家约瑟夫·方丹，默多克大学的合著者澳大利亚珀斯。   “公共土地管理，环保团体，以及其他利益相关者之间存在着大量的张力 - 包括房主，放牧的利益，木材行业 - 允许林分置换冠在公共森林火灾，”方丹说。“这项研究填补了一个关键的火灾如何影响动物一组重要的差距。”   研究人员进行的研究，在红杉和Inyo国家森林麦克纳利在2002年的大火烧毁了超过15万英亩的面积。混合的严重性，留下了马赛克低到高严重损害，以及补丁未燃烧的森林大火烧毁。这项研究比较了蝙蝠觅食的觅食活动未燃，中度烧伤，严重烧伤的森林地区。   研究人员进行的调查，在2003年，使用高频率的麦克风录制的超声波，蝙蝠的回声定位信号用来捕猎昆虫。住在该地区的16种蝙蝠，一些有独特的声波签名，而其他人可以分为组类似的回声定位声音和觅食行为。在这项研究中，研究人员确定了六个“音组”，包括三个独立的物种，物种和三组。   结果表明，6个音组中，高严重性火的响应是中性或积极的。此类火灾创造景观的异质性可能是一个重要的功能，从而导致一系列物种的栖息地结构有利于，弗里克说。 “成千上万人疯狂下载。。。。。。 更多价值连城的绝密英语学习资料， 洛基内部秘密英语，技巧，策略 请在 网上 申请报名” 洛基国际英语 竭诚为您服务