数学初中论文题目

数学初中论文题目 论文题目:谈如何有效地管理初中数学教学课堂 作 者:许永良 学号: 指导老师:文萍 单 位:玉溪师范学院数学系 论文题目:谈如何有效地管理初中数学教学课堂 营造一个充满生命的教学空间 ------谈在新课程改革下如何有效地管理课堂 摘要:班级是学校的最基础单位，班级管理是学校综合管理工作的重要组成部分。而课堂又是新课程改革的主阵地，从某种意义上讲，班级课堂管理工作的好坏，直接反映了一个学校的管理水平。新课程的实施。促进了课堂教学的改革。课堂教学从教学的呈现方式、新授知识的学生自主探究发现、练习的实践应用与提高、课堂小结的反思以及作业的布置等都必须以学生为主体，体现尊重学生这一原则。 关键词:新课程;数学课堂教学;管理;新知探究; 课堂是新课程改革的主阵地，我们应该以新型的教育观点与教学思想指导数学课堂教学。在教学中，课堂教学是主要的教学组织形式和活动方式，搞好课堂教学是提高课堂教学质量的中心环节和主要措施。“教育有法，教无定法”就是要求教师在教法上不断创新，勇于探索和实践，寻找出符合当今教育教学的新模式，才能提高教学质量，让课堂教学活动取得良好的教学效果，学生能够在轻松愉快的气氛中获得知识和提高能力。那么在《数学教育课程标准》(以下简称:新课程标准)实施过程中，如何才能营造出如此令人心动的课堂呢,笔者通过对《新课程标准》的学习并结合自己一年的新教材实验，试论述新课程标准下的数学课堂教学，如有不妥之处恳请专家们提出宝贵意见。 一、教材内容的呈现。 俗语说:“万事开头难”。良好的开头是成功的一半。《新课程标准》强调:“内容的呈现应采用不同的表达方式，以满足多样化的学习需求。”因此一堂课的教学内容的呈现应该是有所讲究的，要精心的。一个恰当的、有效的呈现方式不仅能很快集中学生的注意力，而且会激发学生学习数学的兴趣。所以我们要根据学生的心理特点巧妙呈现数学教学内容，使学生产生强烈的求知欲望，及早进入最佳学习状态。 1(内容呈现情境化。《新课程标准》中多次提出:“让学生在生动具体的情境中学习数学。”现代认知心理学的研究表明，认知与情感是紧密联系的，作为非认知因素的情感在学习活动中主要起动力作用，承担着学习的定向、维持和调节等任务。对于学生来说，学生有了对学习的热烈情感，就会增强其学习的积极性、主动性，即激发起学生学习的动机。学习动机是实现自己理想目标而力求学好的内部动因，它总是和需要直接关联的。小学生入学前已有一些生活经验，包括一些模糊的数学活动经验，他们对数学知识有一些肤浅的潜在的需要。因此在上课开始，将初中数学教学的内容的导入寓于学生喜闻乐见的生活事例或感兴趣的故事之中，可以激发学生学习初中数学的兴趣，唤起学生学习的动机。 2(初中数学教学内容生活化。《新课程标准》“强调从学生已有的生活经验出发，让学生亲身经历将实际问题抽象成初中数学数学模型并进行解释与应用的过程，进而使学生获得对初中数学理解”。初中数学源于生活，生活中又充满着数学。在数学教学中，我们要紧密联系学生的生活实际，在现实世界中寻找数学题材，让教学贴近生活， 让学生在生活中看到数学，摸到数学。因此从生活中产生的例题，会使学生产生亲切感，激发他们解决问题的兴趣。 比如我(在2013年暑假我在芒市五岔路中学助教)在初中数学教学过程中常常给学生一些鼓励，如果课堂上某位同学回答问题很出色或做作业达到“优”，全班同学都要给他们掌声鼓励。刚开始这样做，同学们有些不习惯。我们要告诉他们，同学之间应该互相尊重、互相鼓励，共同进步。慢慢地，学生也就习惯了。记得有一次，班上有位同学做作业达到“优”，我知道他的作业是抄袭的，因为前几次上课他都看窗外或是做小动作，而且前两次作业都没有写，我还点名批评了他。当他上讲台领作业本时，全班哄堂大笑，有几位同学大声说:“他的作业是抄的～”他不好意思站在讲台前，我没有批评他，反而批评那些嘲笑他的同学:“每个同学都应该首先做到尊重他人，如果你不尊重他人，也得不到他人的尊重„„”课后，我才找这位同学单独谈话:“以后得一个真正的‘优’给老师看，也给那些同学看，好不好,”他认真地点头，我知道这回他是真正在下决心了。从此以后，这位同学每次作业都能按时完成，上课不专心的次数也明显减少了(这位同学现在读初三)。 3(学习内容弹性化。《新课程标准》强调“灵活性和选择性”。“仅规定了学生在相应学段应该达到的基本水平”，教师“可根据学生的学习愿望及其发展的可能性，实施因材施教”。也“不规定内容的呈现顺序和形式，教材可以有多种编排方式”。所以在教学内容与教学时间、甚至教学目标上都有相当的自由度。同时在新课程实验的具体实践中，许多教师都有这样的体会:有时课上到最兴奋的时候，师生互动热烈，学生生动活泼、情绪高涨，下课铃却响了，课无法结束，但又不得不结束，很“痛苦”;而有的课，不到20分钟就完成了教学任务，很好地达到了教学目的，可又没到下课时间。这种课时内容安排的灵活性与传统课时时间固定性的矛盾经常出现。这除了编写教材时须考虑课时与内容安排的科学性与合理性外，也对现行的学校教学管理提出了挑战:学校可否实行长短课时结合,可以想像，从“一切为了孩子的发展”角度出发，一种没有统一上下课时间，没有铃声的学校应该会很快出现。 4(学习资料多样化。21世纪人类进入了信息时代，我们的教育由一支粉笔、一本教材、一块黑板的课堂教学已经走向多媒体，学习资料的来源也必然是多方位的，书本、互联网、音乐、电视„„学生所接受到的信息是多方位的，学生的特点也需要多样化，因此在数学教学中，我们要适当提供多样化、全方位的信息材料，让学生在多样化中学习分辨、比较、舍弃和保留。 二、学习新知的探究。 学生学习新的初中数学知识的过程，是通过师生的双边活动及生生多边活动，使学生掌握基础初中数学知识和基本技能的过程，是学科知识结构和学生认知结构有机结合的过程，这是实现学生在数学教学中认识主体作用的一次质的转化，也是教师的积极引导和学生积极思维的结果。这里“教”是条件，“学”是关键。从认知程序看，教师是从整体到局部，而学生是从局部到整体，教学过程正是在新知识这个认知连接点上实现认知的转化，即由教变学的转化。在新知学习过程中，一要强调学生的自主探索。这是主动学习的实质性的环节。不是教师直接讲授或讲解解决问题的思路、途径、方法，而是学生自主探索问题解决的思路、途径和方法。学生所要完成的主要任务是:在明确所要解决的问题的基础上形成解决问题的“知识清单”;确定搜集知识信息的渠道、途径和方法;搜集所需要的知识和信息并进行分析和处理;利用知识和信息解决提出的问题，完成学习任务。二要重视学生的合作学习。这是主动学习的拓展性的环节。学生群体在教师的组织和指导下交流、讨论自主探索的学习成果，批判性地考察所提出的各种理论、观点、假说、思路、方法等，通过社会协商的方式使群体 的智慧为每一个个体所共享，内化为个体的智慧，拓展个体知识视野，是形成学生表现、交往、评价、批判能力的重要环节。要给学生留出发挥自主性、积极性和创造性的空间，要给学生提供在不同的情境下建构知识、运用知识、表现自我的多种机会，要让学生通过主动学习形成自我监控、自我反思、自我评价、自我反馈的学习能力。 1、寻找新知固着点。初中数学知识是相互关联的，新知识的学习又是以原有知识为阶梯。再加上现在学生学习的渠道越来越宽，他们在学习新知识之前，有的已经有了丰富的生活经验和实践积累。因此我们在教学中必须找准新知与学生原有知识、生活经验，抓住学生的“最近发展区”，精心设计好新知数学教学的全过程: (1)、与旧知紧密相连的新知，教师基本不讲。只要在强化旧知的前提下，确定学习目标，让学生自己运用知识的正迁移，完成认知冲突，顺利掌握新知。教师只需在旧知与新知间架起一座能让学生自己通过的桥梁。如教学“三角形面积的计算”时，教师可以先复习平行四边形面积的计算及其推导过程，然后提问:,、在学习计算三角形面积时，可不可以也运用平移转化、等积变形的方法呢,,、你打算把三角形转化成什么图形。你认为可以吗,;、动手拼一拼，看一看，想一想，,、你发现了什么规律,学生通过操作、观察、思考、讨论便可得出结论，并明白计算三角形的面积为什么要除以,的道理。接下来再学梯形面积的计算时，教师就可完全放手让学生自己去学。这样的设计就充分体现了由扶到放，该放则放的原则。 (2)、全新的知识，教师也要寻找新知的“最近发展区”引导学生学习，教师只在关键处点拨和讲解。如“分数的初步认识”的教学，其“最近发展区”就是平均分的知识。我们可先组织复习:每份分得同样多便是平均分。然后拿出一个苹果，平均分给两个小朋友。提问:怎么分,每人分到多少,你能用整数表示出来吗,让学生充分讨论后，教师只在这里给学生讲解:每人分得的苹果不能用整数表示。要用“半个”表示，这就要学习“分数”。然后结合实际讲解的含义，接下来应该引导学生自学分数各部分名称。这样的新授课就不是老师在“教”了，学生的自主性得到了充分的发挥。 2、 静态知识化动态。数学教学是数学活动的教学，数学学习不是单纯的知识的接受，而是以学生为主体的数学活动。现代认知科学，尤其是建构主义学习理论强调，“知识是不能被传递的，教师在课堂上传递的只是信息，知识必须通过学生主动建构才能获得”。也就是说，学习是学习者自己的事情，谁也不能代替。《新课程标准》指出:“动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。„„数学学习活动应当是一个生动活泼的、主动的和富有个性的过程。”为此，在数学教学中首先要确立学生的主体地位，建立探索性的学习方式，培养学生自主学习的意识。教师在课堂教学中应充当组织者、引导者与合作者，合理有效地使用各种教学方法与手段，引导学生开展多种形式的数学学习活动，使学生有效地经历数学知识的形成过程，使学生在获得必要的基础知识与基本技能的同时，促进学生情感、态度和价值观的和谐发展。 教材是新课程标准的具体体现，是教师进行教学的依据。教材上的知识是静态的，它只是为知识的传递提供了可能。一般的教材限于篇幅，不可能把所有的教学内容都讲得十分详尽，学生往往看到的是思维的结果，而不是知识的形成过程和思维活动的过程。换言之，当教材在没有进入教学过程前，他只是处于知识的储备状态，为知识的传递提供了可能。具体每部分知识该怎样教，教材上并没有很明确地告诉我们，只有当教师在深入钻研教材，又充分了解学生的基础上，对教材进行了教学法的再加工以后，教材才能变成学生易于和乐于接受的信息。荷兰数学家弗赖登达尔认为，数学学习是一种活动，这种活动与游泳、骑自行车一样，不经过亲身体验，仅仅从看书本、听讲解、观察他人的演示是学不会的。因此，在数学课堂中，要改变传统的教师教与学生学的模式，在设计、安排和组织教学过程的每一个环节都应当有意识地体现探索 的内容和方法。作为教师应该用好教材，用活教材，要根据优化课堂教学的需要对教材进行适当的加工处理，根据教学要求，从学生的实际出发，按照学生的年龄特点，认知规律，把课本中的例题、讲解、结论等书面东西，转化为学生能够亲自参加的活生生的数学活动。通过学生的动手操作、实验、观察、实践、搜集，交流、讨论、合作学习等方式加以解决。即教学中要重视概念的抽象过程，公式的推导过程，法则的归纳过程，规律的概括过程，结论的综合过程，思路的分析过程等，不但要让学生知其然，更要使学生知其所以然。比如:教学《比多少》，教师应把图中的小猪、小兔、苹果、小鱼、萝卜等到做成可随意摘取的“实物”，在学生比较时，想比什么就可以取下放在图外进行比较，可以有效克服图中其它事物的干扰，使学生注意力更集中，同时这种形式更符合儿童心理，极大地增强了学生的参与欲望，提高了学习的积极性。 3、 新知探究全参与。教学活动中的认识活动，是在教师的指导下，“探究”、“发现”，经历类似科学家那样发现真理的过程。目的是让学生体验和理解这个过程，并能掌握前人的一系列的科学方法。教材的重点、难点，往往是学生掌握理解知识的关键。学生如能亲自参与重点知识的获取过程，突破难点的教学实践活动，就能使他们逐步从学会到会学。 积极关注学生参与学习的程度是教学成功的重要因素。没有学生积极参与的教学应该是失败的。教师在关注学生的同时，要积极创设机会让学生体验成功的快感。首先要鼓励参与。小学生一般对什么都好奇，教师要抓住学生心理特点，组织生动活泼的学习氛围，运用多种手段呈现学习内容。有了外在的诱惑力，就会诱发学生的内在需求，从而乐在其中。其次要多提供机会。通过老师的合理启发引导，让学生经过自己的积极探究，从而找到规律，发现问题，理解新知，突发奇想解决难题。有了这样的体验，学生才能感到探究的趣味所在，当取得成功时，那份喜悦是别人难以体会的，可以说喜悦是发自内心的。由此生发的学习动力也是其它激励手段所不能替代的。 (1)、自主学习。自主学习，顾名思义就是学生依靠自己的努力，自觉、主动、积极地获取知识。自主学习能力则是学生在学习活动中表现出来的一种综合能力。具有这种能力的学生有强烈的求知欲，善于运用科学的学习方法，合理安排自己的学习活动。善于积极思考，敢于质疑问难，在学习过程中表现出强烈的探索和进取的精神。培养学生的自主学习的能力是素质教育的要求，也是人的全面发展和二十一世纪的需要。培养自主学习的能力不仅有利于学生今后的学习，而且能优化课堂教学，提高数学教学效率。但学生的自主学习的能力要以学生为本位，在学生积极参与的学习过程中培养和提高。为促进学生自主学习，教师要注意在课堂上建立民主、平等的师生关系，重视师生之间的情感交流。教师的语言、动作和神态要让学生感到可亲、可信，要能不断激发学生的求知欲，能激励学生不断克服学习中的困难，让学生产生兴奋和愉快感。教师对学生的学习要多鼓励:对学生回答的问题不要简单地否定或肯定，要鼓励学生多问“为什么”，并让学生说说是从何想起、怎么想的，鼓励学生不懂就问，并通过学生自己来解答疑问。这样学生学习的兴趣就浓了，也可多让学生思考、提问，多让学生感受成功的喜悦。但是真正意义上的自主学习不只是学生单方面的行为，而应该发挥教师和学生两方面的作用。教学活动设计中教师是主体，学习活动中学生是主体。自主学习对教师的要求更高了，要求教师抛开“我讲你听”的教学模式，而代之以引导学生学习，培养学生学习数学的兴趣和自觉性。在课堂上挥洒自如，把精力放在关注学生的学习，关注学生的情感上，才能使学生学得生动活泼，如期达到教学目标。 (2)、小组合作。19世纪早期，美国的一些学者开始研究合作学习并运用于实践，杜威创办的芝加哥实验学校就运用了小组合作学习，柏克赫斯特实施的道尔顿计划的 三个原则之一便是合作。到了20世纪70,80年代，合作学习在美国的研究和应用已相当广泛。在我国，近几年基础教育课程和教学改革的研究过程中，人们也在反思传统的教学方法和学习方式。“独学而无友，孤陋而寡闻”，合作是由几个人组成的一个群体，为实现共同的目标在学习活动中联合协作和行为，合作各方目标一致，结果有利于各方，他方的成功是自己成功的条件。这样做有利于学生的语言表达能力、协作能力、评价能力及创新素质的提高。小组内不同性别、不同成绩、不同能力的学生都得到实惠，优等生的才能得以施展，中等生得以锻炼，学习有困难的学生得以帮助。同时，学生在有效的学习合作中互相沟通信息、互相学习、模仿、互相取长补短，从而扩大眼界，开阔思路，难以想到的新想法、新主意，在愉快的协作与讨论中，会迸发出来。 (3)、课堂辩论。现在的一些课堂教学，学生学习的积极性往往停留于表面现象，流于形式。师生之间提问、答问频率很高，其结果是问之不切，则听之不专，听之不专，则其所取之不同。这种形式上的交流与主动学习决不能保证所有学生都能进行意义建构。事实上，真正的信息交流，应该是基于师生、生生之间有效互动基础上的交流。教师在课堂教学中，只有创设一些能引起学生认知冲突的问题与讨论，才能实现师生、生生之间有效的互动。 学生围绕分歧进行讨论，并引发了争辩。课堂成为学生辩论的赛场，学生的智慧在较量过程中找到了自己的价值，真正体验了自主探索的意义和参与的快乐。这样的课堂涌动着活力和学生的灵气，学生在思想与思想的碰撞与交锋中，智慧的火花随处迸发，他们在共同分享着思想和智慧，培育着勇气和情感。一个开放的、体现学生主体作用的课，应该有他们自由表达意见的空间。适度的“乱”，在教师控制之中的“乱”，在一定程度上可以激发学生学习的主动性，让他们真正参加到教学中，让他们去创造性的学。 三、 课堂小结反思化。 建构主义强调，学习不是简单地让学习者占有别人的知识，而是学习者主动地建构自己的知识经验，形成自己的见解。在学习过程中学习者不仅要不断监视自己对知识的理解程度，判断自己的进展与目标的差距，采取各种增进和帮助思考的策略，而且还要不断地反思自己的学习过程。建构是有层次的，既有表层建构的活动，也有深层建构的活动。学习者对自己建构行为的监控便属于深层建构活动。监控，有利于学习者进行更加完善的意义建构。为此，数学教师在教学过程中，应重视培养学生反思的习惯，即元认知的意识。因为，反思是监控的必要条件，没有反思就没有监控。在教学中，数学教师要常常引导学生思考:是怎么想的,为什么这样想,为什么会有这样的现象,为什么作出这样的选择,所选择的思考途径是否最佳,这些内容之间有什么联系,经常这样做，可以培养学生的监控意识和反思习惯，能从根本上提高学生的数学思维与数学素养。 比如在上完《小数的简便计算》，在总结时让学生交流:请谈谈这节课中你的收获。在做小数的简便计算时要注意哪些方面，有什么诀窍,这些方面你注意了没有,学会了没有等等。通过学生的交流与反思，不仅可以使学生获得积极的情感体验，而且使学生体会到每天都是充实的，今天的数学课又学到了新的知识。 四、课堂作业自由化。 课堂作业是课堂教学的一个重要组成部分。传统的课堂作业总是布置书本的练习题或教师补充题，以巩固课堂所学的知识。“成绩好的学生能够很好地独立完成，但是一些成绩差的学生不明白课堂上所讲内容，作业于是就成为比复习和练习更困难的功课，他们非但不能从作业中得到好处，反而因此拉大了与好学生的距离。因此对于不 同学生要有不同的作业，以使作业能最大程度地发挥作用”。?《新课程标准》也强调“由于学生所处的文化环境、家庭背景和自身思维方式的不同、学生的数学学习活动应当是一个富有个性的过程”。“不同的人在数学上得到不同的发展”。因此我们布置课堂作业时适当放手让学生自己设计更适合自己的作业，有利于发挥学生的主体作用，提高学生学习数学的兴趣，形成学生自我评价、自我调节和自我提高的能力。课堂作业设计通常为如下三个方面。 a) 个人作业:就是指学生独立完成的作业。一般参照书本练习题的练习题，先自我感觉哪些题已经会做，哪些题还不会，或有些疑问。对于不会做的或有疑问的要认真做一遍，已经会做的就不必再做了。 b) 小组作业:就是指在合作小组中完成的作业。通常由小组内成员互相出题，并互相审阅核对，由小组长负责。有争议的提请班级讨论。 c) 家庭作业:就是指学生回家后独立完成或在家长指导下以及在搜集资料后方才能完成的作业。通常是带有扩展性和创造性的作业。这类作业主要是考查学生能否将知识整合、灵活运用于新的情境。 课堂管理是一个动态化的复杂过程，因此老师的任何实践和探索都需要不断修正和完善，以便从中找出规律，进而形成完整的理论体系和具有可操作性的方法。我坚信，大力推行素质教育，学校强化班级管理的改革与创新的必然结果是班级管理的主动权应当也必须交给学生。因为，广大学生才是班级的真正的主人，是班级管理的主体，是他们的引路人，在班级管理中处于主导地位，我们的任务不是培养一群只会服从管理的“庸才”，而是培养一大批能够自我管理、自我教育，并逐步学会管理 其他事务的时代需要的真正人才。 致谢:玉溪师范学院文萍老师,教学论第一小组,芒市五岔路中学 参考文献: ?张天宝著《主体性教育》 教育科学出版社 ?陈东编著《开放教育》 上海教育出版社 ?闫承利编著《素质教育课堂优化》 教育科学出版社 ?施良方 崔允淳主编《教学理论:课堂教学的原理、策略与研究》 华东师范大学出版社 ?《创新教育学习参考资料》江苏教育科学研究所 1999.11 ?《教学的革命》 梅里尔?哈明著 罗德荣译 宇航出版社 作者简介:许永良，男，1992年2月出生，现年21岁。2011年7月毕业于芒市第一中学，2011年至今一直就读于玉溪师范学院数学系，学历为本科，职称学生。单位通讯地址:玉溪师范学院联系电话:，E-mail:@qq.com (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.