近红外激光照耀人体劳宫穴和非穴位区的反射光谱特征的...[优质文档]

近红外激光照耀人体劳宫穴和非穴位区的反射光谱特征的...[优质文档] 近红外激光照射人体劳宫穴和非穴位区的反射光谱特性的比较研究 111*11221张祖德,,,,,,郭周义,,,,,,魏华江,,,,,,刘汉平,,,,,,钟会清,,,,,,杨洪钦,,,,,,谢树森,,,,,,刘颂豪 1.,,,,,华南师范大学激光生命科学教育部重点实验室,,,,,,广东,,,,,,,,,,广州510631 ,,,,,2.,,,,,福建师范大学医学光电科学与技术教育部重点实验室,,,,,,福建,,,,,,,,,,福州350007 摘,,,,,,,,,,要,,,,,,,,,,研究了人体劳宫穴及其周边的非穴位组织受不同功率的半导体激光(波长为808,,,,,nm功率分别为20，,,,,,50，,,,,,100,,,,,mW)照射前后在400,1,,,,,000,,,,,nm光谱范围的反射光谱特征及其差异。,,,,,实验采用带积分球附件的AvaSpec-2048光纤光谱仪测量系统获取劳宫穴和非穴位组织的反射光谱。,,,,,结果表明，,,,,,在半导体激光照射前，,,,,,劳宫穴与非穴位的反射光谱的光谱轮廓相似，,,,,,波谷均出现在423，,,,,,544，,,,,,577，,,,,,980,,,,,nm处，,,,,,劳宫穴和非穴位在对应波谷的反射率值分别为17.1%，,,,,,26.1%，,,,,,25.9%，,,,,,35.0%和17.1%，,,,,,27.6%，,,,,,28.1%，,,,,,36.5%。,,,,,在475,1,,,,,000,,,,,nm，,,,,,合谷穴的反射率比非穴位小。,,,,,分别经过20，,,,,,50和100,,,,,mW不同功率的半导体激光照射后，,,,,,劳宫穴反射率较照射前明显下降，,,,,,并且随着照射功率增大，,,,,,反射率减小的幅度越大。,,,,,而非穴位组织经过不同功率的半导体激光照射后反射率较照射前稍有下降，,,,,,但远不及劳宫穴下降明显。,,,,,由此可见劳宫穴与非穴位的反射光谱存在差异，,,,,,并且劳宫穴对半导体激光照射的刺激比非穴位更敏感。 关键词,,,,,,,,,,劳宫穴;,,,,,非穴位;,,,,,反射光谱;,,,,,半导体激光;,,,,,照射 中图分类号:,,,,,R318.5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,文献标识码:,,,,,A,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,DOI:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2009)11-2930-04 ,,16引言 。,,,,,本文利用光谱仪测量了劳宫穴与非组织于正常组织的区别 穴位对照点在激光照射前的反射光谱以及他们分别受不同功率的穴位和经络学说是中医学理论体系的核心内容之一，,,,,,是针 灸临床治疗疾病的理论基础，,,,,,并有效地指导着当今中医各科的激光照射后的反射光谱，,,,,,对测量结果做出分析和比较，,,,,,为穴 位光谱的特异性研究及激光针灸的临床应用提供了有益的参考数临床实践，,,,,,但它的实质是什么，,,,,,这一问一直是困扰国内外 据。 生物医学界的一个世界性难题，,,,,,也是我国生命科学和医学界迫 切需要解决的一个重要学术问题。,,,,,几十年来，,,,,,中西方科学工1,,,,,材料及方法 作者就力求用现代科学来揭示经络的奥秘，,,,,,并从神经学、,,,,,解1.1实验对象 ,,1-4剖学、,,,,,生理学等方面提出了不同的假说，,,,,,但有关经络研究健康成年人11例，,,,,,自愿参加检测者;,,,,,其中男6例，,,,,,的最基本的问题什么是穴位，,,,,,特别是它们与非穴位点之间有什女5例;,,,,,年龄最小21岁，,,,,,最大26岁，,,,,,平均年龄23.3岁。,,,,,么差别，,,,,,尚没有明确的结论。,,,,,近年来，,,,,,研究者试图从穴位受试者实验前用洗手液洗干净双手手掌，,,,,,烘干。,,,,,在针灸师的本身的红外辐射以及对应脏腑的功能上寻找突破口，,,,,,并取得一帮助下取受试者劳宫穴(PC8)及左侧旁开2,,,,,cm处的非穴位作为 ,,,,5-1011定成果。,,,,,特别是最近由谢树森等提出来的“经络光学”，,,,,,对照，,,,,,定位按中华人民共和国国家标准(GB12346—90)《经穴部通过检测穴位区域与非穴位区域的反射光谱的差异，,,,,,从而得出位》进行。,,,,,光谱检测在暗室进行，,,,,,室温(22?3)?，,,,,,相对湿穴位区域与非穴位区域的不同的生理学参数和光学特性参数。,,,,,度(55?10),,,,,,，,,,,,室内空气无明显流动，,,,,,周围环境无强噪此外，,,,,,还提到通过激光照射人体穴位或经脉线时所诱发的各种声和电磁源。,,,,,受试者在实验前30,,,,,min进入实验室，,,,,,静坐休 息、,,,,,适应环境。,,,,,实验过程为先用激光对劳宫穴与非穴位照射效应来区分穴位与非穴位的区别。,,,,,自从1966,,,,,年匈牙利Mester ,,1210,,,,,min然后马上检测反射光谱，,,,,,激光照射的功率依次为提出了低强度激光具有生物刺激作用以来，,,,,,低强度激光照射 穴位——即激光针灸，,,,,,以其无痛、,,,,,无菌、,,,,,安全、,,,,,易控、,,,,,20，,,,,,50，,,,,,100,,,,,mW。,,,,,为排除干扰，,,,,,对于同一受试者，,,,,,操作简便以及兼备针刺、,,,,,热灸及其特有的理疗作用在中医领域实验分两周进行，,,,,,第一周的第一天检测受激光照射前劳宫穴的 ,,13-15发展迅速。,,,,,但激光针灸作用的原理反射光谱，,,,,,第二、,,,,,第三、,,,,,第四天分别检测受仍需进一步研究。,,,,, 20，,,,,,50，,,,,,100,,,,,mW激光照射后劳宫穴的反射光谱。,,,,,第二反射光谱在组织光学上得到了广泛的运用，,,,,,通过测量组织的反 射光谱，,,,,,可以得到组织的各种光学特性，,,,,,从而鉴别各种病变周对非穴位做同样的检测。,,,,,每天的实验都是在同一时间开始进收稿日期:2008-11-18，,,,,,修订日期:2009-02-22 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(60778047)，,,,,,国家重点基础研究“973”项目(2006CB504505)，,,,,,广东省自然科学基金项目(06025080，,,,,,0632270)，,,,,,广东省科技项目(2008B030303074)和医学光电科学与技术教育部重点实验室(福建师范大学)开放课题项目(JYG0804,,,,,,J,,,,,YG0503)资助 作者简介:张祖德，,,,,,1984年生，,,,,,华南师范大学激光生命科学教育部重点实验室在读硕士研究生e-mail:,,,,,zudezhang@163.com ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,*通讯联系人e-mail:,,,,,weihj@scnu.edu.cn ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,*通讯联系人e-mail:,,,,,w-ximing@263.net 行。 1.2实验装置 人体穴位和非穴位组织的反射光谱的测量采用了带有积分球 附件的AvaSpec-2048光纤光谱仪来完成的，,,,,,测量的波长范围 是:,,,,,200,1,,,,,100,,,,,nm，,,,,,SONY公司ILX554B型线阵 CCD，,,,,,2048像素，,,,,,积分时间1.1,,,,,ms,10,,,,,min，,,,,,光谱分 照射劳宫穴辨率2.4,,,,,nm,,,,,,它的测量窗口直径大约为1,,,,,cm。,,,,, 和非穴位的光源采用波长为808,,,,,nm功率可调的半导体激光。 Fig.2,,,,,,,,,,Reflectance,,,,,spectroscopy,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,Laogong,,1.3统计学处理方法 ,,,acupoint 组织光学参数以均数和标准差(X?SD),,,,,表示,,,,,,采用t检before,,,,,and,,,,,after,,,,,irradiation,,,,,with,,,,,different,,,,,powe验,,,,,,p<0.05为有显著性差异,,,,,,利用统计软件SPSS10作统计处r 理。 2结果 在相同的条件下分别检测人体的劳宫穴和非穴位受激光照射 前和受不同功率激光照射后的反射光谱。,,,,,每个测量值都重复测 量6次来获取平均值，,,,,,测量结果具有很好的重复性，,,,,,所有测 量得到的反射率都用(X?SD)表示。,,,,,如图1表示劳宫穴和非穴 位受激光照射前的反射光谱，,,,,,图2表示劳宫穴受激光照射前和 受功率分别为20，,,,,,50，,,,,,100,,,,,mW的激光照射后的反射光谱，,,,,, 图3表示非穴位受激光照射前和受功率分别为 20，,,,,,50，,,,,,100,,,,,mW的激光照射后的反射光谱。,,,,,表1表示Fig.3,,,,,,,,,,Reflectance,,,,,spectroscopy,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,non-acup劳宫穴受激光照射前和受功率分别为20，,,,,,50，,,,,,100,,,,,mW的oint,,,,,before 激光照射后分别在波长为423，,,,,,544，,,,,,577，,,,,,980,,,,,nm的波and,,,,,after,,,,,irradiation,,,,,with,,,,,different,,,,,power 谷处的反射率，,,,,,表2为非穴位受激光照射前和受功率分别为 20，,,,,,50，,,,,,100,,,,,mW的激光照射以后分别在波长为 423，,,,,,544，,,,,,577，,,,,,980,,,,,nm的波谷处的反射率。Table,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,Reflectance,,,,,of,,,,,Laogong,,,,,acupoint,,,,,bef ore,,,,,and,,,,,after,,,,, irradiation,,,,,with,,,,,different,,,,,power,,,,,at,,,,,different,,,,,wa velengths Table,,,,,2,,,,,,,,,,Reflectance,,,,,(%),,,,,of,,,,,non-acupoint,,,,,bef ore,,,,,and,,,,,afterFig.1,,,,,,,,,,Reflectance,,,,,spectroscopy,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,Laogong,, ,,,acupointion ,,,,,irradiation,,,,,with,,,,,different,,,,,power,,,,,at,,,,,different,,,,, and,,,,,non-acupoint,,,,,before,,,,,irradiationwavelengths 表2所示，,,,,,劳宫穴经过20,,,,,mW激光照射后，,,,,,在 423，,,,,,544，,,,,,577，,,,,,980,,,,,nm这,个波谷处的反射率分别为 15.6%，,,,,,24.3%，,,,,,24.3%，,,,,,31.3%，,,,,,比受激光照射前分别 下降了1.5%，,,,,,1.8%，,,,,,1.6%，,,,,,3.7%。,,,,,非穴位经过20,,,,,mW 激光照射后在,个波谷处的反射率依次为 3,,,,,讨论 17.2%，,,,,,27.5%，,,,,,27.9%，,,,,,36.5%，,,,,,比受激光照射前分别 劳宫穴和非穴位的反射光谱曲线整体变化受激光照射前，,,,,,劳宫穴经过50,,,,,mW只下降了0.0%，,,,,,0.1%，,,,,,0.2%，,,,,,0.0%;,,,,,趋势基本相同，,,,,,在400,475,,,,,nm劳宫穴和非穴位的反射率基激光照射后在423，,,,,,544，,,,,,577，,,,,,980,,,,,nm这,个波谷处的本相同，,,,,,在475,1,,,,,000,,,,,nm，,,,,,劳宫穴的反射率在任意波长反射率分别为14.8%，,,,,,22.1%，,,,,,22.1%，,,,,,30.0%，,,,,,比受激都要比非穴位要小，,,,,,如图1所示，,,,,,劳宫穴和非穴位在400,光照射前分别下降了2.3%，,,,,,4.0%，,,,,,3.8%，,,,,,5.0%。,,,,,非穴423,,,,,nm反射率随着波长的增大而急剧下降，,,,,,在423,,,,,nm处达位经过50,,,,,mW激光照射后在4个波谷处的反射率依次为到一个波谷，,,,,,劳宫穴和非穴位的反射率分别为17.1%和17.1%。,,,,,16.4%，,,,,,26.7%，,,,,,27.4%，,,,,,36.4%，,,,,,比受激光照射前分别在423,515,,,,,nm反射率随着波长增大而急剧上升。,,,,,,,,,,在只下降了0.7%，,,,,,0.9%，,,,,,0.7%，,,,,,0.1%;,,,,,劳宫穴经过515~577,,,,,nm，,,,,,反射率先急剧下降，,,,,,然后急剧上升，,,,,,再急100,,,,,mW激光照射后在423，,,,,,544，,,,,,577，,,,,,980,,,,,nm这,剧下降，,,,,,其中两次达到波谷，,,,,,波谷对应波长分别为544和个波谷处的反射率分别为12.8%，,,,,,19.0%，,,,,,19.0%，,,,,,27.2%，,,,,,577,,,,,nm。,,,,,这两个波谷对应的波长与人体血液吸收峰几乎在同比受激光照射前分别下降了4.3%，,,,,,7.1%，,,,,,6.9%，,,,,,7.8%。,,,,,一波长。,,,,,在544,,,,,nm处劳宫穴和非穴位的反射率分别为26.1%非穴位经过100,,,,,mW激光照射后在,个波谷处的反射率依次为和27.6%，,,,,,在577,,,,,nm处分别为25.9%和28.1%。,,,,,在577,16.5%，,,,,,26.0%，,,,,,26.6%，,,,,,35.8%，,,,,,比受激光照射前分别630,,,,,nm，,,,,,随着波长的增加，,,,,,反射率几乎呈直线上升，,,,,,在只下降了0.6%，,,,,,1.6%，,,,,,1.5%，,,,,,0.7%。,,,,,劳宫穴在受激光 照射以后反射率下降幅度比非穴位反射率下降幅度大的原因是劳630,705,,,,,nm，,,,,,随着波长的增加，,,,,,反射率缓慢增加，,,,,,之 后，,,,,,从705,980,,,,,nm，,,,,,随着波长的增加，,,,,,反射率缓慢降宫穴比非穴位对外界刺激更敏感，,,,,,激光照射穴位以后，,,,,,随着 ,,18低，,,,,,在980,,,,,nm处达到一个波谷，,,,,,劳宫穴和非穴位的反射率，,,,,,照射功率的增大，,,,,,穴位组织的温度和血液灌注量增加 从而引起反射率下降。 分别为35.0%和36.5%。,,,,,在980,1,,,,,000,,,,,nm，,,,,,反射率又缓 4结论慢上升。,,,,,在400,800,,,,,nm,,,,,范围内与杨洪钦研究的人体载体 ,,17本文研究了人体劳宫穴和非穴位受激光照射前和受功率分别皮肤组织的反射光谱基本一致。 经过20，,,,,,50，,,,,,100,,,,,mW不同功率的激光照射以后，,,,,,为20，,,,,,50和100,,,,,mW的半导体激光照射后在400,劳宫穴的反射率显著下降，,,,,,并且随着功率的增加反射率下降得1,,,,,000,,,,,nm范围内的反射光谱，,,,,,通过对比，,,,,,得出以下结越多，,,,,,如图2所示，,,,,,但反射光谱轮廓与受激光照射前相似，,,,,,论:,,,,,受激光照射前，,,,,,劳宫穴和非穴位在400,1,,,,,000,,,,,nm波谷仍然与受激光照射前的一样，,,,,,分别出现在范围内的反射光谱形状基本相同，,,,,,劳宫穴的反射率低于非穴423，,,,,,544，,,,,,577，,,,,,980,,,,,nm。,,,,,非穴位经过不同功率的半位。,,,,,在受不同功率激光照射之后，,,,,,劳宫穴和非穴位的反射率导体激光照射后，,,,,,反射光谱轮廓也与受激光照射前相似，,,,,,波都随激光照射功率的增大而减小，,,,,,但劳宫穴反射率下降幅度比谷与受激光照射前一样，,,,,,也是分别出现在非穴位要大得多。,,,,,本研究说明劳宫穴与非穴位的反射光谱存在423，,,,,,544，,,,,,577，,,,,,980,,,,,nm，,,,,,如图3所示，,,,,,与劳宫穴差异并且劳宫穴比非穴位对激光照射的刺激更敏感。,,,,,这一结论 为穴位的特异性研究以及临床激光针灸治疗疾病提供了有益的参不同的是，,,,,,非穴位经过照射后，,,,,,随着照射功率增大，,,,,,反射 考。率稍有下降，,,,,,但下降幅度远没有劳宫穴那么明显。,,,,,如表1和 参,,,,,考,,,,,文,,,,,献 ,1,LIN,,,,,Wen-zhu(林文注).,,,,,Shanghai,,,,,Journal,,,,,of,,,,,Acupuncture,,,,,and,,,,,Moxibustion(上海针灸杂志),,,,,,1998,,,,,,17(4):,,,,,37. 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Comparative,,,,,Study,,,,,of,,,,,Reflectance,,,,,Spectroscopy,,,,,of,,,,,Human,,,,,La ogong,,,,, Acupoint,,,,,and,,,,,Non-Acupoint,,,,,Tissues,,,,,Irradiated,,,,,by,,,,,Near-Infrare d,,,,,Laser 111*112ZHANG,,,,,Zu-de，,,,,,GUO,,,,,Zhou-yi，,,,,,WEI,,,,,Hua-jiang，,,,,,LIU,,,,,Han-ping，,,,,,,,,,,ZHONG,,,,,Hui-qing，,,,,,YANG,,,,,Hong-qin，,, 2,,,XIE,,,,,Shu-sen， 1LIU,,,,,Song-hao 1.,,,,,Key,,,,,Laboratory,,,,,of,,,,,Laser,,,,,Life,,,,,Science,,,,,and,,,,,Institute,,,,,of,,,,,Laser,,,,,Life,,,,,Science,,,,,,Ministry,,,,,of,,,,,Education,,,,,,South,,,,, China,,,,,Normal,,,,,University,,,,,,Guangzhou510631,,,,,,China 2.,,,,,Key,,,,,Laboratory,,,,,of,,,,,Optoelectronic,,,,,Science,,,,,and,,,,,Technology,,,,,for,,,,,Medicine,,,,,of,,,,,Ministry,,,,,of,,,,,Education,,,,,,Fujian,,,,,Nor mal,,,,,University,,,,,,Fuzhou350007,,,,,,China Abstract,,,,,,,,,,Characteristics,,,,,and,,,,,differences,,,,,of,,,,,reflectance,,,,,spectroscopy,,,,,of,,,,,human,,,,,Laogong,,,,,acupoint,,,,,and,,,,,non-acupoint,,,,,tissues,,,,,before,,,,,and,,,,,after,,,,,irradiation,,,,,by,,,,,different,,,,,power,,,,,of,,,,,laser,,,,,were,,,,,studied,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,spectral,,,,,range,,,,,from,,,,,400,,,,,to,,,,,1,,,,,000,,,,,nm.,,,,,A,,,,,wavelength,,,,,808,,,,,nm,,,,,semiconductor,,,,,laser,,,,,was,,,,,used,,,,,for,,,,,irradiation,,,,,at,,,,,the,,,,,power,,,,,of,,,,,20,,,,,,50,,,,,and,,,,,100,,,,,mW,,,,,for,,,,,ten,,,,,minutes.,,,,,Reflectance,,,,,spectra,,,,,of,,,,,human,,,,,Laogong,,,,,acupoint,,,,,and,,,,,non-acupoint,,,,,tissues,,,,,were,,,,,measured,,,,,by,,,,,using,,,,,an,,,,,AvaSpec-2048,,,,,optical,,,,,fiber,,,,,spectroscopy,,,,,with,,,,,an,,,,,integrating,,,,,sphere,,,,,attachment.,,,,,The,,,,,result,,,,,shows,,,,,that,,,,,before,,,,,irradiation,,,,,the,,,,,shape,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,reflectance,,,,,spectra,,,,,of,,,,,Laogong,,,,,acupoint,,,,,and,,,,,non-acupoint,,,,,is,,,,,similar,,,,,,they,,,,,have,,,,,the,,,,,same,,,,,troughs,,,,,at,,,,,423,,,,,,544,,,,,,577,,,,,and,,,,,980,,,,,nm,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,reflectance,,,,,for,,,,,Laogong,,,,,acupoint,,,,,and,,,,,non-acupoint,,,,,at,,,,,these,,,,,wavelengths,,,,,is,,,,,17.1%,,,,,,26.1%,,,,,,25.9%,,,,,and,,,,,35.0%,,,,,,and,,,,,17.1%,,,,,,27.6%,,,,,,28.1%,,,,,and,,,,,36.5%,,,,,respectively.,,,,,But,,,,,from,,,,,475,,,,,to,,,,,1,,,,,000,,,,,nm,,,,,,the,,,,,reflectance,,,,,of,,,,,Laogong,,,,,acupoint,,,,,is,,,,,smaller,,,,,than,,,,,that,,,,,of,,,,,non-acupoint.,,,,,After,,,,,being,,,,,irradiated,,,,,by,,,,,semiconductor,,,,,laser,,,,,at,,,,,the,,,,,power,,,,,of,,,,,20,,,,,,50,,,,,and,,,,,100,,,,,mW,,,,,,there,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,very,,,,,significant,,,,,decrease,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,reflectance,,,,,of,,,,,Laogong,,,,,acupoint,,,,,compared,,,,,to,,,,,that,,,,,before,,,,,irradiation,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,higher,,,,,the,,,,,power,,,,,,the,,,,,lower,,,,,the,,,,,reflectance.,,,,,But,,,,,there,,,,,is,,,,,just,,,,,a,,,,,small,,,,,decrease,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,reflectance,,,,,for,,,,,non-acupoint,,,,,compared,,,,,to,,,,,that,,,,,before,,,,,irradiation.,,,,,From,,,,,the,,,,,above,,,,,results,,,,,,it,,,,,is,,,,,clearly,,,,,seen,,,,,that,,,,,Laogong,,,,,acupoint,,,,,is,,,,,different,,,,,from,,,,,non-acupoint,,,,,on,,,,,reflectance,,,,,spectroscopy,,,,,,and,,,,,Laogong,,,,,acupoint,,,,,is,,,,,more,,,,,sensitive,,,,,to,,,,,laser,,,,,irradiation,,,,,than,,,,,non-acupoint,,,,,tissue. Keywords,,,,,,,,,,Laogong,,,,,acupoint;,,,,,Non-acupoint;,,,,,Reflection,,,,,spectroscopy;,,,,,Semiconductor,,,,,laser;,,,,,Irradiate (Received,,,,,Nov.,,,,,18,,,,,,2008;,,,,,accepted,,,,,Feb.,,,,,22,,,,,,2009),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,