形容词、副词

nullnull一、形容词的定义形容词和副词二、形容词在句中的作用1、放在所修饰名词前作定语：eg. She is a good girl. There is a nice picture on the wall.当形容词修饰由some-, any-, no-, every-等构成的不定代词时，要放在这类词的后面。nulleg. Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper? Ex. ( ) Can you learn ___ from these ___? A. useful anything; useful books B. anything useful; books useful C. anything useful; useful books D. useful anything; books usefulCnull2) 形容词else修饰不定代词（something等）或疑问代词（what等）时，也要放在后面来修饰。eg. What else can you see in the picture?2. 形容词还可以放在系动词后面作语。eg. His mother looks very young.Ex. ( ) “You must keep ___ in the library,” the librarian said to me in a low voice. A. quietly B. quiet C. noisy D. noisilyBnull3. 形容词在句中还可以作宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的特征或性质。eg. We are making our city green.Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.4. 还有四组形容词需要大家区别使用：exciting – excited interesting – interested surprising – surprised amazing – amazednullEx. ( ) The film is so ____ that we’re all ___ in it. interesting; interesting interested; interested interested; interesting interesting; interested Dnull二、副词的定义1、副词在句中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。用来表示时间、场所、状态及程度。eg. English is very important.eg. Tom studies very hard.Ex.( ) Look! It’s raining ___. What a ___ rain! heavy; heavily B. heavily; heavy C. loudly; big D. hard; lightBnull2、副词按词汇意义可以分为以下几个种类：1）时间副词：today, soon, noweg. Our teacher is coming soon. v. adv.2）地点副词：here, there, homeeg. We’ll come here tomorrow morning. v. adv.3）频度副词：always, usually, often, never, sometimeseg. My father usually goes to work by car. adv. v.null4）程度副词：very, much, enough, almosteg. He speaks English very well. adv. adv.5）方式副词：well, fast, slowly, carefullyeg. Please listen to the teacher carefully. v. adv.null当然副词在句中也有几种特殊情况：1）enough adj. & adv. 作形容词，放在所修饰名词之前； 作副词，放在所修饰成分之后。eg. Don’t worry. We have enough time. adj. n.eg. He is old enough to go to school. adj. adv. Ex. 我们吃了足够多的食物，所以我们够饱了。 We eat ______ _____, so we are _____ ______.enough food full enoughnull2）修饰整个句子的副词，通常放在句首。eg. Luckily, he wasn’t badly hurt.3）副词还包括经常用到的特殊疑问副词，如：when, where, how 等。Ex.1) We are going to meet at the school gate tomorrow morning. （划线提问） ______ ____ _____ ____ you going to meet?When and where arenull4）有些副词还可以与动词构成固定词组搭配，如：put on, take off, get on, put up 等eg. put on the coat 或 put the coat oneg. put it on 或 put them onEx. ( ) I want that shirt. Can I ____? A. try it on B. try on it C. try on them D. try them onAnull二、形容词和副词的比较等级1、比较等级的构成：规则变化：nullnull还有部分形容词和副词的比较级，最高级是不规则变化：null2、比较等级的用法： as + adj. / adv.原级 + as …eg. I think English is as important as Chinese. adj.eg. Tom runs as fast as Mike. adv. 1）原级比较：表示“…和…一样”eg. The largest sharks can be as long as 15 metres.nullEx. ( ) — Who is Father Christmas? — He is a kind-hearted man and his hair is as ____ as snow. A. whiter B. whitest C. white D. whitelyCnull2）当两者进行比较时，用比较级比较：eg. Which ball is bigger, the red one or the green one?eg. He got up earlier than you this morning.null两者进行比较时，比较级前还可以用much, even, far, a little, a bit等程度状语来修饰。eg. The boy is much taller than I. 有些副词如：very, so, too, quite, rather 等，不用来修饰比较级，只用来修饰原级。Ex. ( ) Cathy did quite ____in the English competition, I did even ____. better; well B. well; well C. well; better D. better; betterCnull3）表示“越来越…”：比较级 and 比较级eg. It becomes colder and colder when winter comes.Ex. ( ) The car is running ____. It seems to be flying. more and faster B. more and more fast C. fast and fast D. faster and fasterD因为大雾，他们向山顶爬得越来越慢。 Because of the mist, they climbed to the top of the mountain _____ _____ _____ _____.more and more slowlynull4）表示“越…就越…”： the + 比较级+主+谓，the + 比较级+主+谓eg. The more healthily you eat, the healthier you will be.Ex.( ) — This digital camera is really cheap! — The ___, the better. I’m shorter of money, you see. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensiveBnull5）表示“大两岁”“高三米”： 数词 + 量词 + 比较级eg. I’m two years older than you. 数 量 比较级6）表示“两者中较…的” ： the + 比较级+ of the twoeg. This watch is the cheaper of the two.null7）降级比较 “…不如…怎么样” ： less + adj. / adv.原级 + than … not as ( so ) + adj. / adv. 原级 + as …eg. Today is less cold than yesterday.= Today isn’t as (so) cold as yesterday.= Yesterday was colder than today.null 最高级比较：1）表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比较，用最高级。最高级前加定冠词the, 后跟of / in / among引导的介词短语表示范围。副词最高级前可以省略the;形容词最高级前有物主代词，不能加the。eg. My brother is the fattest of all the boys.eg. I speak English best in our class.eg. The girl is my best friend.null2）表示“最…的之一”： one of + adj.最高级 + 可数名词复数eg. Miss Wu is one of the most popular teachers in our school.3）the + 序数词 + adj.最高级 + 可数名词单数eg. I think the computer is the second most useful invention of all.null4）比较级与最高级转换：eg. She studies hardest in her class.= She studies harder than any other student in her class.Ex. Tina is the cleverest girl of all.（改为同义句）Tina is _______ than _____ _____ girl.cleverer any otherHe jumps highest in the school.（改为同义句） _______ _____ in the school can jump_____ ______he. Nobody else higherthannullExercises( ) 1. Look! The boys are trying to climb____ the tree to pick some apples. with B. off C. of D. up ( ) 2. The Yellow River is ____ the Changjiang River. not so long as B. as long as C. not long as D. longer thanDAnull( ) 3. The little girl doesn’t like the medicine because it tastes ____. good B. well C. terrible D. sweet ( ) 4. Sorry. I can ____ hear you because it’s too noisy here in the room. carefully B. easily C. nearly D. hardly ( ) 5. — Which sport do you like ___, swimming or volleyball? — Swimming. A. good B. well C. better D. best CDCnull( ) 6. I’m fourteen. My friend is sixteen. So I’m ____ him. as old as B. two years younger than C. not so young as D. not longer than ( ) 7. Don’t worry. We have ____ time to do the job. enough B. few C. many D. littleBAnull8. Read more books, and you will get more knowledge. (改写同义句） The ____ _____ you read, the____ _________ you will get. more books moreknowledge