英语就近原则,就远原则

英语就近原则,就远原则 就近原则: 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原 则”(Proximity)，即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。 I.在正式文体中: 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语: "there be，句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g. ?What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或 言谈都与我无关。 Neither you nor I am wrong . 你 ? 和我都没错。 ?Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责 备。 ?Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。 2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一 个主语一致。e.g. ?In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。 There is (are) a pen and some ? books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 II. 非正式文体中: 有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g. Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式) Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式) 但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g. No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成 “agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。 英语就近原则短语 1.There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk. 2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right. 3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. = Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday. 4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. = Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday. 就远原则 谓语动词与前面主语一致 代表词汇:as well as; (together/along)with;rather than; except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from e.g:He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom.