粘土的分类（Classification of clays）

粘土的分类（Classification of clays） 粘土的分类(Classification of clays) Release date: 2005-04-07 First, according to the main mineral composition classification: 1, kaolinite; 2 montmorillonite Two, according to the causes of classification: 1, once clay (or native clay), that is, after the mother rock weathering residual in situ clay, less impurities, coarse particles, plasticity is poor, sintering temperature higher. 2 two times (or secondary clay, clay, clay deposition) is the rain Sichuan river was transported to lakes, swamps and other low-lying areas deposited clay, fine particles, in the process of handling mixed with organic substances and impurities, and strong plasticity, more impurities, lower sintering temperature. Three, according to the classification of plasticity: 1 high plasticity clay (soft clay), the plasticity index greater than 15; 2 plastic clay, the plasticity index of 7 - 15; 3 low plasticity clay (hard clay), the plasticity index of 1 - 7; 4 (non plastic clay hard clay), the plasticity index is less than 1. Four, according to the degree of classification: 1 refractory refractory clay, refractory degrees higher than 1580 DEG C; 2 refractory clay; 3 fusible clay. 6 rock soil condition After exploration, it is revealed that the soil within 20.0m is divided into 8 layers according to the types of lithology and the physical and mechanical properties of the proposed site: The soil (Q4ml): dark gray - brown, slightly dense, slightly wet, mainly silty clay, gravel containing about 10% of plant roots. This layer and miscellaneous fill soil layer are distributed on the surface of the site, and the thickness is 0.2m-0.6m. (2) coarse sand (Q4al+pl): yellow, slightly dense, wet - very wet - saturated, mineral composition mainly feldspar and quartz based, poor particle size distribution, local gravel about 20%, maximum thickness of 2.2m. (2) 1 medium sand (Q4al+pl): yellow, slightly dense, wet - very wet - saturated, mineral composition mainly feldspar and quartz mainly, particle grading is poor, containing gravel about 5-15%, the distribution of this layer is continuous, thickness 0.3m-2.0m. (3) clay (Q3): Yellow - gray, hard plastic - plastic, wet - dry saturated, high strength, no dilatance, slightly glossy, high toughness, locally interbedded with sand and coarse sand in the local yellow iron oxide containing layer. The distribution of this layer is continuous, and the thickness is 2.1m-6.4m (3) 1 medium sand (Q3al+pl): yellow brown, slightly dense, very wet - saturated, mineral composition mainly feldspar and quartz mainly, particle gradation is poor, containing gravel about 10%, the distribution of this layer is continuous, thickness 0.3m-2.0m. (4) clay (Q3): gray green - gray plastic - hard plastic, wet - dry saturated, high strength, no dilatance, slightly glossy, high toughness, with large sand and coarse sand layer, the layer of continuous distribution, thickness of 2.1m-6.4m (4) 1 fine sand (Q3al+pl): yellow brown, slightly dense, saturated, minerals are mainly feldspar and quartz, particle size distribution, gravel layer is about 10%-20%, the distribution is not continuous, with lenticular distribution in the clay layer, the thickness of 0.3m-2.0m. (4) 2 sand (Q3al+pl): yellow brown, slightly dense, saturated, mineral composition mainly feldspar and quartz mainly, particle grading is poor, containing gravel about 5%-10%, this layer distribution is discontinuous, thickness 0.3m-2.0m. (4) 3 (Q3al+pl): coarse brown, slightly dense, saturated, minerals are mainly feldspar and quartz, particle size distribution, gravel layer is about 10%-15%, the distribution is not continuous, the content of local gravel components increase into the gravel layer, the thickness of 0.3m-2.0m. (4) 4 (5) round pebble (Q3al+pl): variegated, medium dense, saturated, 2-20mm in diameter, about 55%, particle size 20-200mm, about 15%, uneven sand filling, poor particle grading, protolith basalt. Thickness 0.5m-3.1m. (4) 5 peat (Q3): dark gray - black, plastic, saturation, low dry strength, no dilatance, slightly shiny, low toughness, this layer contains a large number of semi decadent relic plants, visible local complete plant the original structure, the organic matter content is about 70%, including uneven the sand is about 10%. (6) residual soil (N): grey green green, saturated, medium dense, fully weathered basalt products, with a certain original structure, The core is mostly clay and a small amount of uneven sand, a small amount of gravel mixture, the local up to about 30%, the distribution of this layer continuous, layered, poor particle size distribution. This layer is not exposed in the west of the site, the maximum exposure thickness is 16.0m. (7) weathered basalt (N): dark gray - green grey - green, vesicular structures, 5-10% porosity and pore diameter 1-10mm, maximum 20mm, cryptocrystalline structure, weathering fracture development, rock mass is cut into broken stone or gravel in shape, core shape, particle size of about 20-200mm 70%, a small amount of clay and uneven sand filling, the layer of weathered basalt for soft rock, very broken, the core recovery is 40-60%, RQD value is 0, the rock basic quality grade of grade V, the maximum thickness of 6.6m revealed. (8) in weathering basalt (N): dark gray - green grey - green, vesicular structure, porosity is less than 5%, cryptocrystalline structure, weathering fissure is developed, the core is cylindrical, the layer of weathered basalt as hard rock, broken, core recovery is 75 ~ 95%, RQD value from 40 to 50, the rock basic quality grade is grade, the maximum thickness of 3.5m revealed. The distribution and properties of the above soil layers are detailed in the section of engineering geology, the chart of engineering geology, the results of soil test and analysis, and the layered statistics of soil test results.