初中英语时态讲解很好

初中英语时态讲解很好 初中英语时态讲解 教学内容: 过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去将来时，现在完成进行时 教学目标:掌握各种时态的构成和使用语境. 各种时态的构成,及动词的各种变化. 教学重难点: 教学过程: Step1: (一)(一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 ? 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语:often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如:They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他 们经常在晚上商谈生意) ? 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如:The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) ? 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将 来,句子中可以有将来时间。如:The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning.(开往 汉口的列车上午8点开车) ? 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中 ),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如:Please ring me (以if,unless引导 up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) comes ? 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如:Here the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。 ? 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it. ? 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有:like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如:I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿) (二)(一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常 发生。 ? 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如:I got up at 6:00 this morning.(我是早上六 点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上 九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话) ? 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如:He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市) ? 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有:last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如:Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him. ? 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间 状语。如:I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西) (三)(一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 ?一般将来时的时间状语有:tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。 1 ? 用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will” 用于所有人称。如:I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) ? “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的 事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如:A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特 别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了) ? 表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如:I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我 回头) ? 现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态) ? shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与 第二人称连用。如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗,)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗,) ? “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如:An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy. (四).现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行 的动作。 ? 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。 ? 现在进行时的时间状语有: now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如:What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么,)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本 长篇小说) ? 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有:come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如:I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什 么,)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) ? 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌 等感情色彩。如:He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净) (五).过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 ? 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。 ? 过去进行时的时间状语有:then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候 他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩 具) ? 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间 状语。如:She saw it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌) ? 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满 或讨厌等感情色彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老 向我借钱) (六)、现在完成时 现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直 延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 ?在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。 ?表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有:already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) ?表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有:for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我 2 离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作) ?口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书) ?have been to与have gone to的区别:have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如:--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里,他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗,是的,我去过那里三次。) ?在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表: 瞬间性动词的完成时 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years) has come to… has been here since (1990) (had) left… (had) been away from… arrived… been in… ? died been dead begun been on ended been over bought... had… borrowed… kept… joined… been in … 或者使用下面这个句型: It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 [注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是:瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如:How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久,)(句子中keep取代了borrow) (七).过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。 ?过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。 ?过去完成时时间状语有:by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。如:They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了) ?过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如:After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠) (八). 过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 ?过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。 ?过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有:later, soon, the next (day). ?在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如:He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书) ?表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如:She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步) ?过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如:When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞) 3 (九)..现在完成进行时:现在完成进行时指一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现 在完成时和现在进行时双重特征,结构是:“have/has + been +动词的现在分词”。如:I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在这里一直等了多久,) Step2:做相关的时态练习。 练习 初中英语综合时态练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空: 1(He______swimming in the river every day in summer. (go) 2.It________you are right. ( seem ) 3.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play ) 4.He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen ) 5.It is very cold .I think it______ . ( rain ) 6. —I need some paper . —I______ some for you . ( bring ) 7.I can’t find my pen . Who______it ? ( take ) 8.He said that he______back in five minutes . ( come ) 9.I didn’t meet him. He______ when I got there. ( leave ) 10.I______my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose ) 11.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit ) 12.He is very hungry. He_________ anything for three days. ( not eat ) 13.I______with you if I have time . ( go ) 14.We will go to the cinema if it______fine . (be ) 15.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week. (come) 16. “ When______you______the car ?” “ In 1998 . ”( buy ) 17.We______good friends since we met at school . (be) 18.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do) 19.The bike is nice . How much______it______? (cost) 二、选择最佳填空 ( )1.We’ll go swimming if the weather______fine tomorrow. A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be ( )2.It______five years since he has left for Beijing. A. was B. has been C.is D.is going to be ( )3.Please don’t leave the office until your friend______back. A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come ( )4.By the end of last year he______about 1500 English words. A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned 4 ( )5.Listen ! Someone______in the next room . A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried ( )6.You must tell him the news as soon as you______him. A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing ( )7.He told me that he______to see us the next day. A.comes B. came C. will come D. would come ( )8.We can’t find him anywhere . Perhaps he______home. A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come ( )9.The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth. A. is B. was C. has been D.will be ( )10.Could you tell me where the railway station______? A. was B. is C. will be D. would be ( )11.We______to the Great Wall several times. A. go B. were going C. have gone D.have been ( )12.It seemed that the old man______for something over there. A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked ( )13.He was sure that he______his wallet in the office . A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left ( )14.You must study hard if you______ want to fail the exam. A. won’t B. don’t C. haven’t D. hadn’t ( )15. —I’m afraid you can’t sit here . —Sorry , I______know. A. don’t B. won’t C. can’t D. didn’t ( )16. As she______the newspaper , Granny______asleep. A. read , was falling B. fell C. was reading , was falling D.read , fell ( )17. —Jim is not coming tonight . —But he______ ! A. promises(许诺) B. promised C. will promise D. had promised ( )18. —What’s her name? —I______. A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting 三、动词时态能力综合测试 ( )1.He often______his clothes on Sundays. A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash ( )2.I’m Chinese. Where______from? A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming ( )3.May______to school. 5 A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking ( )4.We will start as soon as our teacher______ . A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming ( )5.How long ago______playing football? A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop ( )6.It______ hard when I left my house . A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain ( )7.I think this question______to answer. A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy ( )8. Don’t talk so loudly . Your father______. A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept ( )9.How many people does the doctor know who______of the disease (疾病), A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies ( )10.I______my homework now. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished ( )11.He______for three years. A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army ( )12.His grandfather______for thirty years. A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died ( )13.I______ from my brother for a long time. A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear ( )14.Maths, one of the most important subjects, ______always interested him. A. has B. have C. are D. is ( )15.—Did your brother go to America last year? —______. A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone here C. No , he never was there D. No , he’s never been there ( )16.He______ that factory since 1958. A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to C. have happened D. are taken place ( )17.Our teacher______to Beijing three times. A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been ( )18.Last week John______his leg. A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken ( )19.Jack______his thick coat because it was snowing. A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on 6 ( )20.He______the picture on the wall. A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged ( )21.Next month______twenty five. A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be ( )22.You______her again in a few weeks. A. will see B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen ( )23. By the end of last term we______English for two years. A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D. had studied ( )24.Mrs Brown______in New York for three years before she went to London. A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. will live ( )25.When we arrived , the dinner______. A. already began B. has already begun C. had already begun D. was just begun ( )26.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I______ my exams. A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished ( )27.When______, I’ll talk to him. A. does Peter come B. Peter will come C. Peter comes D. can Peter come ( )28.My sister______to see me . She’ll be here soon. A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came ( )29.They said they______our answer the next day . A. had heard B. would hear of C. would hear D. will hear ( )30.The old man said that light______faster than sound. A. went B. will go C. travels D. will travel 练习三 用括号中动词的适当的形式填空。 1(The boy is happy because he ___________(sell) out all the newspapers. 2(The plan _____________(give) up because of rain. 3(If it __________(not rain) tomorrow, we ____________(go )fishing. 4(Where ____________you____________(be) these days? 5(Where is Tom? He _________(go) to the post office. He said he _________(come) back soon. 6(Mike says he _________(want )to be a worker after he _________ (finish )school. 7(The last bus ____________just ________(leave) when they ________(get) to the bus stop. 8(She _________(not go) to bed until she _______(finish) her work. 9(Light ___________(travel )much faster than sound. 10(I __________(feel) much better after I _______(take) the medicine. 11(”Where ________we________(meet)?” “Let’s meet outside the park gate.” 12(I_________(be) afraid Mr Johnson __________(not visit) out school tomorrow. 13(I _________(lost) my bike ._________you _________(see) it anywhere? 14(________this kind of car __________(produce) in Shanghai? 15(We __________(see) several members of the family since we ________(arrive) 7 16(I found that the students _________(play) football on the playground. 17(The shop ___________(close) at this time of day. 18(Where ________your watch _________(lose)? 19(________the doctor __________(send) for last night? 20(Three children ___________(take) good care by the nurse. 21(Some children ___________(take ) good care by the nurse. 22(Some new houses _________(build) by the villagers themselves. 23(What language ________(speak) in Australia? 24(The colour TV _________(buy) in that shop three days ago. 25(He said he __________(stay) here for another two days. 26(The doctor said Jim must ________(operate ) on at once. 27(“__________the bridge _______(repair) yet?”“Yes, the workers_______ already______(repair) it.” 28(We are in Grade One this year, so we _________(teach ) physics next year. 29(“Where _________(be) you last night?”“I_________(ask) to help Tom at home” 30(The big tree ________(blow)down in the storm last night. 31(I________ never ________(eat) such delicious noodles before. 32(When we reached the town, it _______(get) dark. 33(We ________(have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door. 34(Lucy said she ________(visit) the school the next month. 35(I ________(wait) until he comes back. (You ________(watch) TV after supper, aren’t you? 36 37(They _________(be) to that small village several times. (Can you tell me if it _________(snow) tomorrow? 39 40(Could you tell me if you _________(read) the story book? 41(He said the lights in the room _________(go) out when he opened the door. 42(I _________(be) fifteen soon. 43(Tom, your aunt _______(come) this afternoon . 44(My teacher often _________(tell) us not to play on the street. 45(They________(plant) trees on the hill. Do you see? 46(The teacher said that the earth ________(move) round the sun. 47(She said she _______(put) on a new coat the next day. 48(The Great Wall _________(know) all over the world. 49(Could you tell me where Alice ________ (live)? 50(________the film ______(show) many times since last Sunday. 51(________the street lights usually _______(turn) on at seven in summer evening? 52(I _______(not go) to the cinema because I ________(see) the film before. 53(It ________(get) dark. What about ________(go) home at once? 54(You ________(be) late if you __________(not hurry). 55(Use your head and you _________(find) a better way. 56(Look～Someone ________(lie) on the floor. 57(It __________(rain) harder now. It ________(rain) quite often in summer. 58(Here _______(come) the bus. 59(I don’t know when the manager ________(return), but when be _________(come) back I _________(let) you know. 60(“Where ________(be) you this time yesterday?” “I________(be) at home. I _______(go) over my lessons then.” 8 答案: 1. goes 2. seems 3. are playing 4. was listening 5. is raining 6. will bring 7. took 8. would 一、 come 9. has left 10.lost 11. sat 12. hasn't eaten 13. will go 14. is 15. comes 16. did buy 17. have been 18. were doing 19. does cost 二、1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A 16.A 17. B 18. A 三、1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. 29. B 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. B C 30. C KEY:1(has sold 2(will be given up/ has been given up (Doesn’t rain, will go 4(have, been5(has gone, would come 3 6(wants, finishes 7(had, left, got 8(won’t go, travels 10(felt, had taken 11(shall/will, meet finishes9( 12(am, won’t visit13(have lost, Have seen 14(is, produced 15(Have seen, arrived 16(were playing17(is closed 18(was, lost/ has, bee lost 19(was, been sent 20(was inverted21(are taken 22(have been built 23(is spoken 24(was bought25(would stay 26(be operated 27(has, been repaired, have repaired 28(will be taught 29(were ,was, 30(was blew 31(have, eaten 32(got/ had got 33(were having 34(would visit 35(will wait 36(are watching 37(have been 38(snows 39(had studied 40(have read 41(had been gone 42(will be/ am 43(will come 44(tells 45(are planting 46(moves 47(would put 48(is known 49(lives 50(has, been showed 51(are, turned 52(won’t go, have seen 53(gets, going 54(will be, don’t hurry 55(will find 56(is lying 57(is raining/ rains, rains 58(comes 59(will return, comes, will let 60(were, was, was going 9