培养问题意识,改变学生的学习方式

培养问题意识,改变学生的学习方式 培养问题意识，改变学生的学习方式 河东实验小学 朱广英 摘要:学生学习的过程是一个发现问题、提出问题和解决问题的过程。培养学生的问题意识～即问题由学生提出～也应由学生解决～让学生亲自去探索思考～使传统的‚填鸭式?教学方式～转变为以学生自主探究学习为主的学习方式～学生真正成为学习的主人。首先质疑激活学生的主动性,其次思疑推动学生自主探究的学习能力的形成,然后释疑使阅读理性升华、拓宽学习领域。在自主阅读中学生与文本对话、与自己的心灵对话来激励他们智慧与潜能的发挥～从而提高学生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。培养学生的‚问题意识?～使学生知识的获得和智能结构的形成～主要依靠他们自己独立的学习和群体的合作探究～从而使他们掌握终身学习的方式。 宋代学者朱熹说得好:‚读书无疑须教有疑～有疑却要无疑～到这里方是长进。?长期以来～传统教学的弊端在于:课堂上教师把学生当作接受知识的容器～以书本知识的传授为中心～让学生最大限度地识记课堂传授的知识当作唯一的任务～严重地压抑了个性～束缚了思维～无形中堵塞了创新的源头。时代的发展要求学生形成新的学习方式～《基础教育课程改革纲要》中指出‚改革课程实施过于强调接受学习、死记硬背、机械训练的现状～倡导学生主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动手、培养学生收集和处理信息的能力、获取新知识的能力、分析和解决问题的能力以及交流与合作的能力。?学生学习的过程是一个发现问题、提出that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi-finished products. 8. quality assessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore its quality inspection must be carried out according to acceptance of concealed work-related. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) acceptance of positioning is accurate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on other projects. (5) the material used is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow construction progress at any time finishing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited. Requirements: (1) covert acceptance is the 问题和解决问题的过程。问题由学生提出～也应由学生解决～让学生亲自去探索思考～使学生真正成为学习的主人。培养学生的‚问题意识?～使学生进行自主探究的独立和协作的交流探究活动～使学生知识的获得和智能结构的形成～主要依靠他们自己独立的学习和群体的合作互助～从而将传统的‚填鸭式?教学方式～转变为以学生自主探究学习为主的学习方式～使他们掌握终身学习的方法。 一、质疑激活学生的主动性 苏霍姆林斯基说:‚在人的心灵深处都有一种非常根深蒂固的需要～这就是希望自己是一个发现者、研究者、探索者～而在儿童的精神世界中～这种需要特别强烈。? 学生的学习过程是学习主体对学习客体主动探究～不断发现客体新知不断改进已有认识和经验。能有效地引导学生的认知冲突～这是探究活动的动力～也是激活创新思维的重要因素～因此～教师应鼓励学生质疑问难。 1、营造民主、和谐的氛围～让学生‚敢问? 现代心理学认为:儿童在无拘无束的时候～在轻松、愉快、和谐的环境中～思维活跃、想象丰富～记忆力增强:反之～则思路阻塞操作迟缓～心灵封闭～无创造性可言。营造民主和谐的氛围～建立积极主动的课堂～为学生创造主动‚思考?的环境～让学生‚敢问?。从而使学生亲其师而乐其学。课堂上敢于质疑的往往是成绩好的或是成绩差的～而大多数学生却都保持沉默。不是他不能发现问题～而是没有提出问题的勇气。他们怕自己提的问题不好～招来同学们的嘲笑。 tance is theing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited. Requirements: (1) covert accepfinishsed is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow construction progress at any time rate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on other projects. (5) the material urelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) acceptance of positioning is accu-rried out according to acceptance of concealed workssessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore its quality inspection must be cafinished products. 8. quality a-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi2 此时～教师要呵护学生的‚问题意识?～要面带微笑～对学生提的任何问题都持肯定的态度～决不露出嘲讽不懈之意～否则刚刚建立起的一点信心和勇气将消失殆尽。让学生在宽松和谐～没有等级的空间里畅所欲言～有助于彼此擦出智慧的火花。 2、培养质疑的兴趣 陶行知先生认为:儿童获得了言论自由～特别是得到问的自由～能充分发挥他的创造力。爱因斯坦认为发现问题比解决问题更重要。《新课标》中要求‚能对课文中不理解的地方提出疑问?。‚学贵质疑?～思维往往是以矛盾为序端展开的。读中生疑既是阅读思维的过程～也是阅读思维的结果～读中质疑是阅读过程中个体的一种心理需求、也是阅读中一种交际需要。有了疑难就是成功的一半～知大疑则大进～知小疑则小进～不知疑则不进。兴趣是最好的老师～学生有了兴趣才会促进其思维的灵动。 ?培养质疑兴趣的策略 ?创设情境～激发质疑兴趣。教师要激趣引题～使学生产生浓厚的学习兴趣及学习的冲动。主动质疑的本质是学生的学习出于自身的需要～只有满足学生的心理需求～学生才能积极地参与到学习活动中去～因此教师的引领要精心设计～强调能激发起学生的质疑兴趣和好奇心～引发学生的心理需要。 ?畅所欲言～激发质疑兴趣。畅所欲言～张扬个性会触动他们的潜能去思考去质疑。在教学《落花生》一课时～一个学生质疑:‚我们都有父母～为什么作者说‘那天晚上天色不大好～可是父亲也来了～实在难得,’?这个学生的问题提得太笼统～因而教师在肯定 Requirements: (1) covert acceptance is the ion progress at any time finishing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited.structer projects. (5) the material used is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow conceptance of positioning is accurate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on othrelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) ac-s quality inspection must be carried out according to acceptance of concealed workfinished products. 8. quality assessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore it-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi3 他认真读书、积极动脑的同时～请全班同学细读这句话～说:‚看了这句话谁还能提出更多的问题,?此时～有许多同学说:‚我能提两个问题:?‚我能提三个:?我又来到刚刚提问的同学面前～说‚现在～你能说说你的问题吗,?他果真提出了另外的问题:‚父亲不在家～会在哪呢,?‚为什么天色不好～父亲也来了,?‚父亲来了就来了～作者为什么加个‘也’字,?‚父亲是为了吃花生吗,? 这样～学生畅所欲言～有助于学生形成敏锐的问题意识～让他们抓住自己的疑惑‚打破沙锅问到底?～在尝试质疑的过程中培养兴趣学会质疑～进而产生读书探究的强烈愿望～使他们主动学习～成为真正的学习的主人。 ?与信息技术整合～激发质疑兴趣。在建构主义理论指导下～运用信息技术的多媒体优势为语文学科教学提供了良好的学习环境～为确立学生在语文学习中的主体地位奠定了坚实的物质基础。信息技术的多媒体集成形式为语文教学所提供动态的、真实的或虚拟现实的视、音频信息形象～给学生创设了生动、真实和具体的学习情境～调动他们的各个器官使他们能更快更好地投入到学习的情境中去～用眼去看、用耳去听、用脑去思～发现问题提出质疑。 在教学《威尼斯小艇》时～教师先请同学观看《威尼斯风光》的录像后～学生提出了这样的问题:‚威尼斯这座世界名城有许多内容可写～为何却只选小艇来写,?这一问题问得好～正好引出了本文的教学重点。在教学《花钟》一课时～教师运用多媒体课件帮助学生积累文中的好词句后～学生质疑为什么课件中少了 tance is theing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited. Requirements: (1) covert accepfinishsed is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow construction progress at any time rate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on other projects. (5) the material urelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) acceptance of positioning is accu-rried out according to acceptance of concealed workssessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore its quality inspection must be cafinished products. 8. quality a-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi4 ‚午时花?、‚夜来香?～教师恰好顺学而导～让学生读读书中对这两种花的描绘～文中对这两种花的描绘采用的是‚几点什么花开放?的句式～与其他句式有很大区别～这样就突破了本课的重、难点:学习用不同句式表达同一意思。与信息技术整合就激活了大家质疑探究的兴趣～学生都迫不及待地去读书。 ?培养预习习惯～激发质疑兴趣。预习就是一个发现矛盾的过程～让学生带着问题进入学习～会使学习更有目的～更有兴趣。 ?引导学生学会质疑的方法 对一些不知从何入手、无问题可提的同学～教师可有意识地多示范几次～有意识地引导学生的思维定格在某些词句上～让学生变无疑为有疑～教给孩子们提问题的一些方法～使学生爱问、善问。 教学《数星星的孩子》一课时～教师通过谈话的方式引起学生对课文的兴趣～教师又在课题下面画上双横线～问学生:‚看到这个题目～你们有没有问题要问,?学生轻轻地开始议论。有的同学说:‚我想知道这个孩子是谁,?有的说:‚这个孩子为什么要数星星,他什么时候的人,?还有的问:‚这个孩子长大后成为一个什么样的人,?学生的问题越多越说明他们对课文感兴趣～求知欲越强。教师将学生的问题归类写在黑板上～并说:‚如果你们想知道答案～就要细心地读课文～从中找出你们想要的答案。学生带着问题一边读一边思考～较快地理清了文章的脉络。 教学中可以引导学生从以下几方面进行质疑: ?题目质疑?对不懂的词语质疑?对不明白的现象质疑?对用法特殊的标点质疑?对人物的行为质疑 Requirements: (1) covert acceptance is the ion progress at any time finishing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited.structer projects. (5) the material used is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow conceptance of positioning is accurate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on othrelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) ac-s quality inspection must be carried out according to acceptance of concealed workfinished products. 8. quality assessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore it-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi5 ?对重要的句子质疑?对记叙文的要素质疑?对内容矛盾处质疑?对文中反复出现的句子质疑 3、多向质疑～激活发散思维 所谓‚多向?是指从各个方面进行发散性思考～可以由里向外～做辐射发散质疑～也可以由外向里做‚焦点?质疑。从各方面来认识对象～引导学生从多角度、多层面去思考问题。如教学《我的伯父鲁迅先生》时～有这样一句话:‚你想～四周围黑洞洞的～还不容易碰壁吗,?教师可以抓住这个句子作为思考问题的起点引导进行质疑:你能从哪几个角度来质疑,如语气、表达方法……结果学生从多方面进行质疑:?从字面上来看～这句话是什么意思,?从语气来看～说这句话时～鲁迅先生的心情是怎样的,?从上下文来看～这句话揭露了什么,表现了什么,?从表达手法来看～‚四周围黑洞洞?指的是什么,谁会‚碰壁?,为什么这样说,?从说话的对象来看～面对一个孩子纯真的发问～鲁迅先生能将反动派的迫害～清清楚楚地告诉她吗,?从时代背景看～这句话有什么特殊含义,这样学生通过多角度的质疑～理解这句话就有了一种多侧面、多方位、多层次的思维出发点。另外～还要鼓励学生随时质疑～让‚问题意识?贯穿始终。 综上所述～营造和谐、民主的氛围,培养质疑的兴趣,多向质疑～激活发散思维～就点燃了学生求知的火花。学生在质疑的过程中阅读思维被一次又一次地启动、激活～他们会自然而然地投入到自由身创设的阅读情境中去～主动性得到充分发挥。学生将自觉主动地去探究～改变了以往‚我讲你听?的教学模式～使学生成为学习真正的主人。 tance is theing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited. Requirements: (1) covert accepfinishsed is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow construction progress at any time rate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on other projects. (5) the material urelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) acceptance of positioning is accu-rried out according to acceptance of concealed workssessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore its quality inspection must be cafinished products. 8. quality a-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi6 二、思疑推动学生自主探究 本次课改的一个重要任务就是改变传统的以教师讲授为主的‚填鸭式?教学方式～使之转变为现代的以学生自主、合作、探究学习为主的学习方式。 ‚学成于思～思源于疑?。有了‚疑?还远远不够～教师只有引导学生深入地思考、积极地探究～自己去分析问题、解决问题。思维的发展是从问题开始的～要实现从有疑到无疑～教师要让一个个‚,?像一个个小钩子一样钩住学生的好奇心和求知欲～使学生的学习成为一个自觉、自愿的心理渴望～变‚要我学?为‚我要学?～学生从一个接受者转变为一个主动的探究者。如果教师越俎代庖～那么学生将失去探索奥秘、发现结果所带来的快乐的80,。 ?强化个体学习～形成有个性的语文阅读 《语文课程标准》中指出:‚阅读是学生个性化的行为～不应以教师的分析来代替学生的阅读实践。?阅读是高度个性化的心智活动～借助自身的生活经验和语文积淀唤回直觉经验～重构读物的具体化形态～实现学生头脑中个性化的‚第二文本?。阅读教学要遵循小学生的心理规律～给学生‚自主感受体验的空间?～使学生能够自主地学习～成为以积极的心态调动原有的知识经验～尝试解决问题～同化新知识的积极建构过程。在阅读教学中要给学生时间充分地去读书～从而获得更多的自主探究的空间和主动权。 但传统的教育教学把极富个性特征的学生塑造成了同一个模子里出来的人。而未来社会各条战线上要求的人才是具有独特性、和谐性和主体性的个性化人才。而不是‚模子式?的人。所以我们必须摒弃‚一 Requirements: (1) covert acceptance is the ion progress at any time finishing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited.structer projects. (5) the material used is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow conceptance of positioning is accurate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on othrelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) ac-s quality inspection must be carried out according to acceptance of concealed workfinished products. 8. quality assessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore it-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi7 言堂?、‚唯师独尊?、‚唯书独尊?的教学模式。尊重学生个性发展～要充分相信学生～并鼓励学生自发行为～使学生在大家面前敢于发表自己的见解～敢于表现自我。对学生好奇、求知、探索的欲望～教师要给予极大的扶持鼓励。挖掘每个学生的最大潜能～发展每个学生的个性～培养其个性全面和谐的发展。 如:学习《愚公移山》一文时～有的认为愚公的这种坚韧不拔的精神值得大家学习～有的认为把家搬走更划算～可以节约很多无力、财力、人力。并且能保持了生态平衡～有的认为视具体情况而定～不能以现在的标准来要求古人。对学生的这种独到见解～教师要给予充分的肯定～让学生体验到了成功的愉悦。这样更促进了学生大胆的表述自己的观点。 ?合作探究学习～提高思疑能力 ‚探究?就是深入探讨、反复研究。探究学习就是以‚主体?、‚发展?为指导思想～在类似研究的情境中在老师的精心引导下～学生通过相对独立的各种探究活动和语言实践活动～发现知识掌握技能～体验情感增进思考力和创造能力～提高语文整体素质的学习方法。西方协作学习小组专家认为合作学习是一种有助于促成富有成效的、积极活跃的学习～能够给学生提供更多的机会去投身到更多样的体验中～让他们有更多的机会去发表意见、采取主动、作出选择～能够培养他们的优良学习习惯～从而提高学习效率。 ?合作探究的时机 在阅读教学中～教师关注学生的思维发展过程～当知识要点需要巩固之时～当每个思维的个体经过苦思冥仍无所得之时～当同一问题出现不同意见而引发 tance is theing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited. Requirements: (1) covert accepfinishsed is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow construction progress at any time rate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on other projects. (5) the material urelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) acceptance of positioning is accu-rried out according to acceptance of concealed workssessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore its quality inspection must be cafinished products. 8. quality a-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi8 争执不休之时～就是合作探究学习的时候了。 在教学《将相和》一课时～一位学生质疑:‚完璧归赵?、‚渑池相会?都是‚不和?的原因～课文却写得详细～‚负荆请罪?却只有几行字写‚和?～我认为本文详略安排不当。这时～我顺学而导～先给学生独立思考的机会～引导学生认真读书～主动思考。当许多同学思维被激活～都要发表见解～而一些同学却百思不得其解时～教师安排小组合作学习～经过组内解读文本、讨论、交流得出答案。 ?合作探究的形式 合作探究的形式一般情况有三种:一是生生合作～及同桌同学发挥各自的聪明才智,二是小组合作～合作小组以4,6人为宜～主要是利用学生集思广益～思维互补～思路开阔、分析透彻、各抒己见的特点～使获得的结论更准确,三是全班集体探究～要抓住中心议题或关键性的问题～让学生对话、答辩、争论～教师只需在关键处加以点拨。 ?合作探究结果的展示形式 ,说 即将合作探究的通过运用口头语言表达出来。 ,写 即将合作探究的结果撰写成小片段、小、小等形式。 ;辩 即学生围绕同一主题展开辩论～各抒己见～ 以达对问题深入理解的效果。 合作探究让学生真正全面参与探讨～在开放的氛围、个性化的言语交流中碰撞出闪烁的思维火花～共同提高思疑探究能力～做到优势互补～充分发挥学生的主体作用～使学生成为学习的主人。 Requirements: (1) covert acceptance is the ion progress at any time finishing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited.structer projects. (5) the material used is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow conceptance of positioning is accurate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on othrelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) ac-s quality inspection must be carried out according to acceptance of concealed workfinished products. 8. quality assessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore it-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi9 三、释疑使阅读理性升华、拓宽学习领域 释疑是学生经过一段自我探索～通过小组内的交流讨论～对阅读中的问题各抒己见～发表独特见解。交流时教师鼓励学生亮出观点～独树一帜,允许学生随时质疑～敢于与老师争论,允许学生自由表述,也允许学生保留看法。鼓励学生不唯书、不唯上、不迷信教师～敢于标新立异～从而促进学生个性的充分发展～培养创新精神。我尊重学生的独特感受～评判不同见解～激发独创的热情～使释疑成为阅读中一盏明亮耀眼的航向灯～把学生引向主动探究这一更新、更宽的航道。 释疑可以拓宽学习领域的途径: ?课外阅读 可利用图书馆查找学习材料～大量资料的接触～既填补了课外知识的空白～又培养了学生搜集和处理信息的能力。 ?网络学习 让学生从文本阅读走向超文本阅读～从单纯阅读文字发展到电子读物～使阅读兴趣和效率大大提高。 在教学《草船借箭》一课时～最后交流汇报自己最佩服谁时～大多数学生说佩服诸葛亮的神机妙算、足智多谋,也有学生说佩服周瑜～认为他有才华～年轻有为,还有说佩服鲁肃忠厚的。有一个同学说佩服曹操～认为他是军事家、政治家～做事谨慎～还了解到他还是一个文学家～可是即有人反驳。此时～我引导大家在课外阅读《三国演义》并查阅史料来论证曹操是个怎样的人～撰写小论文。学生经过阅读课外书、上网找资料～写出了有独立见解的小论文。许多同学给予曹操的评价是东汉末年的军事家、政治家、诗人。 tance is theing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited. Requirements: (1) covert accepfinishsed is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow construction progress at any time rate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on other projects. (5) the material urelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) acceptance of positioning is accu-rried out according to acceptance of concealed workssessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore its quality inspection must be cafinished products. 8. quality a-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi10 这样～学生不仅对课文内容有了更深的理解～更能引导学生对文学、历史等科学的热爱。学生真正地成为了自主学习的探究者～在探究未知领域的过程中～兴趣盎然～真正体验到学习的乐趣～其阅读能力也大大提高。 建构主义理论和人本主义学习理论认为教学过程是一种‚提出问题和解决问题的持续理论不断的过程。?提倡‚学生应主动的学习～亲自的探索～主动的发现～而不是被动的接受知识。?学生在质疑、思疑、释疑的过程中自主探究、合作学习～与文本深入对话～从根本上改变了传统的‚填鸭式?教学方式～使之转变为以学生自主探究学习为主的学习方式～学生获得知识和智能结构的形成～主要依靠他们自己独立的学习和群体的合作互助～从而他们自主、合作、探究的能力不断得到提高～主观能动性得到发挥～真正成为学习的主人。 四、参考文献 ? 张述祖、沈德立撰写的《基础心理学》 教育科学出版社出版 ?林崇德撰写的《教育的智慧》 开明出版社出版 ?《走进新课程》 北京师范大学出版社出版 ?《语文课程标准解读》湖北教育出版社出版 Requirements: (1) covert acceptance is the ion progress at any time finishing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited.structer projects. (5) the material used is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow conceptance of positioning is accurate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on othrelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) ac-s quality inspection must be carried out according to acceptance of concealed workfinished products. 8. quality assessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore it-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi11 内容提要: 《新课标》倡导学生主动参与、乐于探究、培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力及交流合作的能力。在教学中，我进行了“让‘疑问’成为学生探究文本的主人” 的研究。一、质疑激活学生的主动性。我从培养学生质疑的兴趣、交给质疑的方法、运用积极的评价、营造民主的氛围着手激活学生探究文本的主动性。二、思疑推动学生自主探究。要强化个体学习，给学生“自主感受体验的空间”形成有个性的语文阅读;还要优化合作学习，让学生真正全面参与，在开放的氛围、个性化的语言交流中碰撞出闪烁的思维火花，让学生成为学习的主人。三、释疑使阅读理性升华。尊重学生的独特感受，激发独创热情，拓展更广阔的学习空间。 质疑、思疑、释疑使学生主动探究、合作学习，成为学习的主人，从更本上改变了学习方式，提高了阅读兴趣与能力，拓宽了学习领域，建构了新型的师生关系。 关键词: 质疑 思疑 释疑 tance is theing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited. Requirements: (1) covert accepfinishsed is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow construction progress at any time rate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on other projects. (5) the material urelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) acceptance of positioning is accu-rried out according to acceptance of concealed workssessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore its quality inspection must be cafinished products. 8. quality a-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi12 在阅读教学中运用“质疑”， 提高学生自主学习的能力 Requirements: (1) covert acceptance is the ion progress at any time finishing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited.structer projects. (5) the material used is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow conceptance of positioning is accurate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on othrelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) ac-s quality inspection must be carried out according to acceptance of concealed workfinished products. 8. quality assessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore it-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi13 河东区实验小学 朱广英 1让“疑问”使学生成为探究文本的主 人 2在阅读教学中运用“质疑”，提高 学生自主学习的能力 3、以疑促学，以提高学生阅读能力的研 究 tance is theing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited. Requirements: (1) covert accepfinishsed is eligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow construction progress at any time rate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on other projects. (5) the material urelated. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) acceptance of positioning is accu-rried out according to acceptance of concealed workssessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore its quality inspection must be cafinished products. 8. quality a-that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi14