[特辑]英文单词拼写规矩

[特辑]英文单词拼写规矩 一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号 在开音节中 name plane Jane baby cake 1-01 [e] a 在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back 1-02 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 1-03 e 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04 在开音节中 bike fly drive time nice kite 1-05 [a] i/y 在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim 1-06 [] 在开音节中 those close go hoe home no 1-07 [u] o 在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop sock 1-08 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 1-09 u 在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much lunch 1-10 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler 1-11 super 二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号 China another woman breakfast 2-01 [] a orange comrade village cabbage 2-02 [] hundred student open moment 2-03 [] e chicken pocket begin children 2-04 []] holiday beautiful family animal 2-05 []/[]] i/y exercise satellite 2-06 [a]] second tonight somebody welcome 2-07 [] o also zero photo 2-08 [u] autumn difficult 2-09 [] u [ju(:)] popular congratulation January 2-10 2-11 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[e]音,例如:operate u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence 2-12 February issue 在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[]]音。 三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号 a在[w]音后面 [] want what watch wash quality 3-01 a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father 3-02 i在gh -gn -ld -nd前 high light sign child find 3-03 [a] o在-st -ld前 most postcard old cold 3-04 [u] o在m n v th前 [] come monkey love mother 3-05 四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 [:] car farm dark sharpener 4-01 ar ar在[w]音后面 [:] warm quarter towards 4-02 [:] forty morning short 4-03 or or在[w]音后面 [:] word worker worse 4-04 er ir ur [:] certainly bird Thursday 4-05 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼4-06 读规则发音。例如: carry berry mirror sorry hurry -r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr comfort 4-07 Saturday 五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 are care dare hare 5-01 [e] ere here mere 5-02 [] ire fire hire wire 5-03 [a] ore [:] more score before 5-04 ure pure cure 5-05 [ju] 重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。 5-06 例如:parent zero inspiring story during 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 5-07 例如:orange very American paragraph forest spirit 完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音 5-08 节中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure 非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音,例如:salary 六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 ai/ay afraid rain wait day play 6-01 [e] air air hair chair pair repair 6-02 [e] [:] small ball talk wall all 6-03 al [:l] always also salt almost 6-04 al 在 f m 前 [:] half calm 6-05 au/aw [:] autumn daughter draw 6-06 [i:] teach easy cheap please 6-07 ea [e] heavy bread sweater weather 6-08 break great 6-09 [e] hear dear near clear year 6-10 [] ear bear pear wear swear 6-11 [e] [:] earth learn early 6-12 ee [i:] jeep week green three 6-13 eer pioneer deer beer 6-14 [] ei/ey eight neighbour they 6-15 [e] [ju:] new few newspaper 6-16 eu/ew 在 j l r 后 [u:] flew brew jewelry 6-17 ie/[s]音后拼写为ei [i:] piece field receive seize 6-18 oa coat Joan boat goal 6-19 [u] oar/oor [:] roar board door floor 6-20 oi/oy noise point boy toilet 6-21 [] [u:] broom food tooth school 6-22 oo [u] book look cook foot good 6-23 [au] flower house count down 6-24 know row throw though 6-25 [u] ou/ow [] young country enough 6-26 [u:] group you soup through 6-27 [:] course your four 6-28 our our hour ours 6-29 [au] [:] journey 6-30 annuity continuity 6-31 [ju:] ui ui 在j l r s后 [u:] juice sluice fruit suit 6-32 Gentiles 七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词 编 号 ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey 7-01 [] ow yellow sparrow tomorrow 7-02 [u] 元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[]音。 7-03 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [n] impression nation 7-04 -sion在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion 7-05 -tion在s后 question suggestion 7-06 [n] -sten [sn] listen christen 7-07 -stle [sl] whistle jostle castle 7-08 -sure pressure 7-09 [] -sure在元音字母后 pleasure measure 7-10 [] -ture picture culture 7-11 [] 八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如: 8-01 everyday[e] handbag[æ] blackboard[:] 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如: sun 太阳 + day[e] 日子 ? Sunday[i] 星期天 8-02 holy 神圣 + day[e] 日子 ? holiday[i] 假日 break 中断 + fast[:] 斋戒 ? breakfast[] 早餐 cup 茶杯 + board[:] 木板 ? cupboard[] 碗柜 main 主要部分 + land[æ] 陆地 ? mainland[] 大陆 九、辅字组的读音 辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 [b] bike bus bag 9-01 b [/] bomb tomb lamb climb 9-02 [k] cake picture coat music 9-03 c c在e前或在i/y前 [s] face decide cinema 9-04 [] much chick rich teacher 9-05 ch [k] school headache chemistry 9-06 [] machine Chicago 9-07 -ck [k] cock pocket black knock 9-08 d [d] doctor bread hand day 9-09 -dge [d] bridge fridge 9-10 dr- [dr] children driver drink 9-11 f [f] five four breakfast 9-12 [] bag garden go 9-13 g g在e i/y前 [d] orange large German 9-14 gh [f] cough enough rough 9-15 [/] light daughter high 9-16 [] guess league dialogue guitar 9-17 gu- -gue [w] language anguish penguin 9-18 [h] hot head house hand 9-19 h [/] hour honest honor 9-20 j- [d] jeep jar joke join July 9-21 k [k] kind bike skate make week 9-22 kn- [n] knife know knock 9-23 l [l] life milk school tall 9-24 m [m] monkey come tomato 9-25 -mn [m] autumn column solemn 9-26 [n] not shine ten note 9-27 n n在[k] []音前 [?] uncle thank hungry 9-28 -ng [?] morning young wrong 9-29 p [p] paper plane pig ship pen 9-30 ph [f] elephant photo telephone 9-31 q/-que [k] Iraq cheque 9-32 qu- [kw] quality quite quarter 9-33 r- [r] red rubber ruler 9-34 [s] sit sleep desk 9-35 s在音节开头或清辅音前 在元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] music husband 9-36 [sk] scarlet scout Scotland 9-37 sc- [s] scene science scythe 9-38 sh [] she fish shirt wash 9-39 [t] ten letter meet 9-40 t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 [] patient nation 9-41 -tch [] watch catch match 9-42 th在通常情况下 [] thin thirty method 9-43 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 [] the these with than 9-44 在词尾-the -ther中 [] clothe father weather 9-45 tr- [tr] tree train country truck 9-46 v [v] very voice love leave 9-47 [w] week win wake sweet wait 9-48 w [/] answer two 9-49 [w] what when white why 9-50 wh- wh-在字母o前 [h] who whose whole 9-51 [ks] box text exercise 9-52 x 在重读元音前 [z] example exist exact 9-53 wr- [r] write wrong wrist 9-54 y- [j] yes yard yellow young 9-55 z [z] puzzle zero zoo 9-56 -ds[dz] -ts[ts] ps-[s] 十、英语语音名词解释 1〃音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节:[m] [n] [] [l]例外:。从单词拼写形式上0-01 看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。 2〃音节的划分 ?在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。 例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter ?在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面重读音节里的元音0-02 是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果重读音节里的元音是短音,则辅字组属于重读音节。 例如:长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 3〃重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符0-03 号。 4〃开音节 ?绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret ?相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成0-04 的重读音节。例如:name these bike home excuse 五个元音字母在开音节中发长音 [e] [i:] [a] [u] [ju:] 5〃闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组:r w y 除外:且以辅字组结尾的重读音0-05 节。例如:bag egg fish not cup 五个元音字母在闭音节中发短音 [] [e] [] [] [] 6〃双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如:stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节0-06 词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如: about before excuse repair forget-ful inven-tor 7〃多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如:el-e-phant con-grat-ula-tion 0-07 词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如:scientific impression nation