英国文学考研要点

英国文学考研要点 英文考要点国学研 这是我这我这校的生指这的这候用的材料学学指出的要点都是最基本的知这如果是考名校的这些,,, 这不这这这这文有更深入的了解学最近工作忙很所以这生这也是分部分的学写,.,. 考英文这这要点;照材炳善《英文这史》,研国学参教刘国学 本文供考英文这这第二遍和第三遍的这候使用～第一遍要把材这这一遍。研国学教 很学学乱没个清晰学多人这的文的七八糟～主要是因这这子里有一的这这～在这考前这子里要这文 有的这这～这这就算这这的差不多了。有人又这,什这是这这,比如这英文～要知道英很清晰国学吧你 国学个个体体文大致分这多少这期～每一这期有什这这特点～有什这这的～然后这这个literary trend 期有那些重要的作家～每一重要的作家都这什这重要的作品～这些重要的作品大致容是个写内 什这～有什这意这～有什这作特色～除了这些之外～再这基本的文这这有所了解就差不多了。写学当 然如果要求这这的～这这作品得看。这里名这解这都有具打上～因这我在做外一这这的名这另没体另份 解这的文件～做好了这上。这有这这作品的～本人力有限～这歌部分的不这～等有空了也制来学学 一文件这上。份来 Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and ;此这可能有空～这这等小这,会填understatements ;名这解这,2. Romance 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story ;名这解这,4. Ballad 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 名这解这7. Heroic couplet () Part Two: The English Renaissance ;空这这,填8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance ;名这解这,9. Renaissance 10.Thomas More——Utopia ;名这解这,11. Sonnet ;名这解这,12. Blank verse 13. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collection of his sonnets) ;名这解这,Spenserian Stanza ;推这这～这正式这的英文文章的好这照～荐学写体参14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” 本文用这正式这雅～多排比句和这句～这言造这非常高～里面多这都可以引用做格言警句～非很 常这得一这, 15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements) 可以这是英文史中最重要的作家～一定要看熟了。四大喜这～四国学16. William Shakespeare 大悲这比这重要～此外就是这密朱立了～这些这的主这～背景～情这～人物形象都要熟悉～欧与叶 当然他最重要的喜这作品是这是肯定的。他的也重要～最重要很属。Hamletsonnetsonnet18 ;其这这中著名这白和首有名的十四行这可能出这这,几会 个号这这这的名字要能和人这上～如二外好像在这里出这17. Ben JonsonEvery Man in His Humor, 一道匹配这～但是不用看太具。体 Part Three: The Period of the English Bourgeois Revolution 三大史这非常重要～特这是和。这于18. John Milton Paradise LostSamson AgonistesParadise Lost 需要知道是它写来成的～故事情这自～具情这在这本体这～外要另blank verseOld Testament124 知道此这和的形象。这于要知道是它～知道故事themeSatanSamson Agonistespoetical drama 大情这及其源。外概来另这到这中条要看。129130brief summary5 19. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 20. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images 此人不重要～但他有一首名这21. Andrew Marvell To His Coy Mistress 22. John Dryden——“All for Love”(a tragedy); “An Essay of Dramatic Poesy”(Literary criticism); forerunner of the Classicism in Britain Part Four: The Eighteen Century ;名这解这,23. Enlightenment ;名这解这,24. Classicism 25. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 这比上面那要重要～注意这这这和我这今天的这这不个个个26. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator” 一这～了一系列的人物～以这些人物的口这这上刊登的散文～这一部分要仔这这。它虚构气来写 27. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 28. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 此这非常重要～要知道具容～就是体内游这这的29. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”Gulliver 四地方的英文名～和每部分具的这刺这象个称个体; “The Drapier’s Letters” and “A Modest 后一篇比这重要～要注意后一篇作者用的也就是反这手法。Proposal”, irony 30. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 当然是比这重要～这情31. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, Robinson Crusoe 要楚～清这这一这最后一段～有的形象和故事中这涵的早期黑奴的原形～179Robinson Crusoe 以及殖民主这的萌芽。外注意另的和～外另是DefoestylefeatureDefoeforerunner of English 。realistic novel 32. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 第一和第三比这重要个个～33. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones” 需要仔这看。他是一比这重要的作家～个这部分要看～200founder of the English Realistic novel 这第点也要看～外另也被这称2013featuresFieldingfather of the English novel. 34. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy” 35. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 36. Samuel Johnson——“Dictionary”, “Letter to Lord Chesterfield” (the writers’ declaration of independence) 37. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy), “The Citizen of the World” (collection of essays) 38. Edward Gibbon——“The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire” ;名这解这,40. Sentimentalism ;英这歌里非常著名的一首～国41. Thomas Gray——“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” 曾这被这“有史以英这歌里最好的一首”,誉来国(a representative of sentimentalism and 墓派这人园graveyard school of poets) *Graveyard School / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced some American poets. 42. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism; representative: William Blake and Robert Burns. 这多中古的民这都是在这这期重新收个43. Thomas Percy——“Reliques of Ancient English poetry” 集和整理起的～这集子是那这代比这有名的一民这集。来个个个 比这重要～需要这主要作品有所了解～特这是和 44. William BlakeSongs of Innocence Songs of 这本集子的两一定要注意～外另的作特点也要注意～比如这言的写Experience, contrastBlake 这这明了～神秘主这这等。氛 这大的这格这民族这人等名这～45. Robert Burns, A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne 写作特点: Scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and Scottish people; plain language; influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads; musical quality of his poems. Part Five: Romanticism in England ;名这解这,要这浪漫主这这起的这这～根源～主要特点～主要代作家都有所了46. Romanticism 解。 要知道他的 “前言是英浪漫主这这期这始的这志～也国47.William WordsworthLyrical Ballads” 是宣言。;名这解这,。他这歌的主要这这材两。Lake Poets:nature and common people’s lives 写这的著名作品:I wandered lonely as a cloud; To the cuckoo; Lines composed a few miles above 等等。Tintern Abbey; The solitary reaper; We are seven 两首名这主要作写48. Samuel Taylor Coleridge:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner; Kubla Khan 这材。supernatural ～名这解这著名作品要知49. George Gordon ByronByronic Heroes (); :Child Harold’s Pilgrimage 道大致容～外此这用内另写成～要知道大致容～及其这内体Spenserian StanzaDon Juanattava 。rima 著名作品50. Percy Bysshe Shelley:Queen Mab; The Revolt of Islam; Prometheus ;～要知道大致容及此这古希的“被束这的普这米修斯”不同之这内与腊Unboundlyrical drama 及其意这。,其名作它等等。: Ode to the West Wind; To a skylark; One word is too often profaned 著名作品。注意51. John Keats:Ode to Autumn; Ode to a Nightingale; Ode on a Grecian Urn” 与和的不同～的这歌有人那这强的革命性～他的这歌主要是这了这没两KeatsByronShelleyKeats 造一唯美的世界～这了追求美而作的。个写 52. Charles Lamb:The Essays of Elia (humorous, archaisms, quotations from other writers)53. Walter Scott: founder and great master of the historical novel; his death marks the ending of Romantic Period in English literature; famous novels: Rob Roy, Ivanhoe; features of his novels (P322) Part Six: English Critical Realism 批判这这主这～要知道这起的这这～这史背景～主要代表人物及主要特点。它54. Critical Realism 主要作品55. Charles Dickens: The Pickwick Papers (first novel); Oliver Twist; Dombey and Son; 等等～这这些主要作品除了第一部以外剩下的要这情这～David Copperfield; A Tales of Two Cities 主要人物形象～主这及其意这有所了解～外要知道狄更斯的小这的特色;另,。P362-P363 主要作品即要知道这这目出自个的56. William Makepeace ThackerayVanity FairJohn Bunyan ～外小这的副这这 “另的意思～小这的情这～主这～The Pilgrim’s ProgressA novel without a hero” 人物形象都要了解。 主要作品其它部小这在这上这～知道名字可～这于《即傲57. Jane Austenride and Prejudice5372 慢偏与找它学来它这》这本上介这的不这这～可以其文史这籍这这看一下的情这和主要人物。的Austen 写作特点:thin plot, mostly everyday life of simle country society; good at writing young girls; 。modest satire; witty dialogues 主要作品～要知道其情这和意这～外这这的人物形象也比这重要。另58. Charlotte BronteJane Eyre 主要作品～情这～人物形象及意这。勃朗特姐妹的小这这然写59. Emily BronteWuthering Heights 作在批判这这主这这期～但其作品有明这的浪漫主这特色～比如包含的一些supernatural ～特这这在体呼这山庄中。elements 60. Mrs. Gaskell, one of the first English writers to describe the class struggle in a novel, famous 不需要看太这这。novel: “Mary Barton”. 主要作品这这了解可。即61. George Eliot: Adam Bede, The Mill on Floss, Silas MarnerPart Seven: Prose-writers and poets of the mid and later 19th century 这这了解可。即62. Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, Matthew Arnold 主要作品～有名的短这63. Alfred Tennyson: In Memoriam, The Idylls of the KingsBreak, Break, 等～此人政治这度保守～作品追求形式上的完美～富于音这性和色彩。Break; Crossing the bar 具作特色看体写参。P410-P411 64. Robert Browning introduced dramatic monologue to poetry. (P416) His famous poems: “Home-thoughts from abroad” etc. Elizabeth Barrett Browning: “Sonnets from the Portuguese”. 这这了解主要作品～作特点～及其意这等。写65. William Morris 唯美主这;名这解这,主要作品～作特点及其意这这要了解。写66. AestheticismOscar Wilde Part Eight: Twentieth Century English Literature ～要知道这什这叫～这上。著名作品67. Thomas Hardy, Wessex novelsWessexP458:Tess of ;情这～主要人物形象～主这及意这,D’Urberville,Far from the madding crowd, Jude the obscure等等。小这的特色;第一段,。HardyP459 主要作品 “注意这是两个构成的～可不是一本68. John Galsworthy: The Forsyte Saga”trilogy 小这～其中比这重要的是 “就是这上介这的那一部～要知道此部小这主人The Man of Property” 公的名字～以及这主人个个个公的性格～和小这主这。这上介这这作家的部分的最后一段算是这作 家的作特点。这写位作家在世这名是声学会逐这下降的～但是这是有些校考到他。20 ;名这解这,69. The Irish Dramatic Movement ;名这解这,Irish Renaissance 主要作品和～如果看的是其它70. George Bernard ShawMrs Warren’s ProfessionMajor Babara 版本的英文史～可能这其的作品～这他作品的主要人物～情这～主这和意这要了解～他国学会它 是比这重要的一作家。个 几首有名的这歌如 “71. William Butler YeatsSailing to Byzantium” , “The Second Coming”, 要知道～外他这歌的特点如另“The Wild Swan at Coole”symbolism, mysticism, modernists’ 等等。influence 比这重要～特这是他的要知道包括哪几个概部分～大是什这情这～72. T. S. EliotThe Waste Land 有什这象征意这～主这是什这～有什这作特点。外他的其作品也有写另它学某些校考到这～也要知 道～比如他的这这等等～要知道大的情这。外他著名的文章概另Murder in the Cathedral 被这这是Tradition and the Individual Talentmanifesto of modernist poetry. 73. Modernist fiction put emphasis on the description of the characters’ psychological activities under the influence of Austrian doctor Sigmund Freud’s theories. 重点作品这作品明这个响体受到弗洛伊德影～特这是其中这74. D. H. LawrenceSons and Lovers 的～这其人物～主这要有了解～及其这篇要有这这Oedipus complexThe RainbowWomen in Love 了解～特这是这其主这。这这了解可。即这第三段这的思想做了Lady Chatterley’s Lover492Lawrence 个这这这这～这一段中指出的这这斯的思想特点以及局限性要了解。 ;名这解这,75. Stream-of-consciousness 其作品这这了解～但它非常重要～需要知道这目源～这目的来含这～小这76. James JoyceUlysses 的主人公和情这～以及主这。 重要的意这流作家～主要作品要知道在这第二段～这上主要介这的是77. Virginia Woolf496To ～其这的其部作品特这是她它几也比这出名～需要了解一下。the LighthouseMrs. Dalloway ;全文完, 这些是我眼里的重点～不一定符合你学你你学要考的校的要求～可以根据要考的校自己在这这 一部分加上 英文的国学教案刘炳善这史() Lecture 1 Part 1 Early and Medieval English Literature “Early” here means English literature in primitive and slavery society. “Medieval period” is a quite special period in English history. In Chinese “Medieval” or “The 中世这”Middle Age” means “. You may hear something about this period. It was called “The Middle Age” because it was considered as the time between ancient world and the modern world. Here “Medieval” means English literature in feudal England before the Renaissance.I. Early English Literature (Anglo-Saxon Literature) 1, Historical Background 1 The earliest inhabitants of the British Isles were Britons, a tribe of Celts. Today most Celts lived in Scotland and Wales. 2 From 55 B.C. to 410 A. D. Romans conquered the Great Britain. The Roman army was led by Julius Caesar, who was a very famous figure in ancient Rome. He was a famous general and conquered lot of places in Europe and then he became dictator of Rome. He had famous words “I came, I saw, I conquered”. You can see how strong this man’s will is. Consequence of Roman conquest: a network of highways; scores of towns, including London; Roman lifestyle 3 English Conquest •Shortly after Romans’ retreat, the Britain was invaded by Anglos, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century Old English emerged. •Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism.•Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the 7th century. Before Christianization, Anglo-Saxons believed in old northern European mythologies. If you are interested in old Britain mythologies you may read the famous novel “The Lord of the Rings”, which was a collection of old northern European mythologies. The Christianization of Anglo-Saxons influenced the record of old English literature. 2, Beowulf —— National epic of English people 1 Definition of epic: an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero 2 Story of Beowulf •Ask students to read the story of Beowulf on textbook by themselves and then ask them “What are the three adventures mentioned in the story?” •The story of Beowulf includes three adventures: killing monster Grendel, killing Grendel’s mother and killing a fire dragon. 3 Some important points •“Beowulf” is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes. However it also reflected the features of the tribal society in Britain. •Originally Beowulf, the great epic, was in oral form and it must be a collective creation.•Beowulf in the epic is a legendary figure. In formal history you can not find a man named Beowulf. ? Artistic features of “Beowulf” •Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the ;这,韵same consonant sound Some examples on P5 •Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas. You may find some examples on P6 ? Epic tradition in Europe long narrative verse, part-historical and part-legendary origin This tradition can be traced back to Homer’s “Iliad” and “Odyssey”. Similar works in Europe are 《欧学洲文史》“Edda” and “Saga” from Iceland etc. (referring to ) 3, “Anglo-Saxon Chronicle” • The book was conceived by King Alfred the Great. He also organized and supervised the writing process of the book. •This book is a very important historical document and specimen of Anglo-Saxon prose.II, Medieval English Literature 1, Historical Background 1 Norman conquest in 1066 marks the establishment of feudalism in England. 2 By the end of the 14th century, the Middle English emerged. 3 The ecclesiastics, from the monks and the clergy to the bishops and archbishops, together possessed over one third of the land in the country and owned numerous serfs, and had their tithes and ecclesiastical courts and the backing of the Pope in Rome. They had much political as well as religious power. Understanding the great influence of Christianity in the medieval Europe is very important for you to understand their literature because Christianity is one of the two resources of 《欧洲文化入这》European culture. (referring to ) 英文史第二这国学 Lecture 2 ;这士文,学2. The Romance 1 Definition of the Romance: a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. (P10) * Knight is a special group of people existed in the Middle Age in Europe. Nearly all nobles were knights. However, nobody was born a knight. One nobleman who want to become a knight must experience hard training and then the king will give him knighthood. ;这士准这,* Codes of the Knight:protect the weak, fight for church, loyal to your lord, loyal to ;西方人这于男士良好这度的概念起源于这些这士准这～是以King, respect women of noble birth 西方有“这士这度”这法。,;这《参欧洲文化入这》, 2 The great majority of the romances fall into three groups: matters of Britain, matters of France and matters of Rome. 这理曼大帝 ;这《参欧洲文化入这》,* Charlemagne, a very great French emperor, 这这山大大帝～目前埃及名城这这山* Alexander the Great, a very great emperor in ancient Greece, 大就是以他的名字命名 ;这《参欧洲文化入这》, 3 The Romance of King Arthur and his Round Table knights, whose origin was in Celtic legend, is comparatively the most important for the history of English literature, especially the works called 这于这瑟王的这这自英的这这特民族的这这～《格来国温爵士和这衣“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”. 这士》的故事可以在这嘉《英文史》第国学到这到。找3435 • The theme of loyalty to king and lord is an important common theme of the Romance. So they were composed for the noble class. 英的这国学士文并没国有这生如同法的《这这之歌》那这多姿多彩的作品～中世这在整* (Romance) 个欧学很学达洲这士文这是有多的这者～有一些人甚至这这士文的喜这到痴迷的程度～比如西班 牙作家塞万提斯的名作《唐吉这德》中刻画学的主人公便是一位这人这的可笑又这的同情的这士文 迷。;这《参欧学洲文史》, ;这夫皮这斯,3. “Piers the Plowman” 1 The author – William Langland Read his life story by yourself. (P12) He was lived in lower social position all his life and he was a person with strong Christian color. These two elements concerning with his life experience influenced his literary creation.2 Story Read P12 to P16 and answer the following questions: •What kinds of people were considered as parasites? •Religion was compared to what kind of person? •What kind of social phenomenon was represented by Lady Meed? •Lady Meed is asked by King to marry whom? •Why Conscience refused to marry Lady Meed? •Who is the hero of the poem? What kind of person he is? 3 Features •Important point which makes the work special: The author considers the peasant named Piers to be the nearest to truth and salvation. (It was in the Middle Ages. Nearly all literary works produced at that time was written about those noblemen.) •Form: a series of dreams •Style: alliterative verse •Social significance: kindling the toiling people’s sense of human dignity and equality before God and playing a part in arousing their revolutionary sentiment •Limitations: conservatism (See P16 “The Class Nature of Piers”); Strong Christian color•;寓言,;这人,;象Artistic feature of the production: allegory, personification, symbolism 征主这～用作品中具的形象代体来个概替某这这象或一抽象念,The usage of symbolism became a tradition of English literature. You may find lots of similar works in later English literature, for example, Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress. 4, The English Ballads 1 Definition of the ballad: A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the ;在这里指第二行和第四行最后一这以个相同或近似的second and fourth lines rhymed.rhymed 元音和这音这尾, 2 Features of ballads •Flourished in the 15th century •Originally oral literature (Ballads were collected and written down in the 18th century. Earliest publication of collection of ballads was Thomas Percy’s “Reliques of Ancient English Poetry”.)•Collective creation (no certain writer for each ballad) •Ballads wrote on all kinds of subjects. ;这这这,3 Robin Hood Ballads •Of all the ballads, those written about Robin Hood are comparatively important.•;这这这本是一普来个很通的这Robin Hood is a partly historical and partly legendary character. 史人物～但是在人这的这这中逐这被神化～成这了民这中描写与国的这这中的形象～这这方式中这史上 这羽的形象近很似。, •Important points of the character of Robin Hood: hatred for the cruel oppressors and love for the poor; orthodox in religion; reverence for the King (just an illusion) •Social Significance: showing the fighting spirit, courage and revolutionary energy of English peasantry ;是英文史中的一这国学个与国学很林英雄形象～中文中的这多劫富这这的形象相Robin Hood 近～特这是《水这》中的多人物形象。,很