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大学英语四级听力解析(沪江)

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大学英语四级听力解析(沪江)英语四级六级语法之数词 数词 表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。 一、基数词 (1)基数词写法和读法: 345 three hundred and forty-five; (2)基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数: a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人; b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的...
大学英语四级听力解析(沪江)
英语四级六级语法之数词 数词 示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。 一、基数词 (1)基数词写法和读法: 345 three hundred and forty-five; (2)基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数: a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人; b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。 c. 表示"几十岁";考试大,考试伴你同行 d. 表示"年代",用 in +the +数词复数; e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen. 二、序数词 序数词的缩写形式: first——1st second——2nd thirty-first——31st 三、 数词的用法 (1)倍数表示法 a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。 b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of… The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。 c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than… The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了4倍。 (2)分数表示法 构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数: 1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three and three-sevenths. 英语四级听力题型解析02:计算题 听力计算题 计算题中应注意对话中的具体数字,抓住其类型是时间,还是价格、重量、或数量以及其针对的相关动作或事件,在听的过程中有目的地做笔记,为以后计算做好充分的准备。以下为与数字相关的常用词汇及表达方式。 ① 数字单位 百 hundred 千 thousand 百万 million 十亿 billion ② 不定数目 about 接近,大约 around 在……周围,差不多 almost 几乎 or so 大约 more than 比……更多 less than 比……更少 below 在……以下,不及 under 未满,少于 ③ 时刻表述 3:15 a quarter past three(英)或three fifteen(美) 9:30 half past nine(英)或nine thirty(美) 15:00 fifteen o’clock(英)或three p.m(美) 00:10 ten past midnight(美) ④ 年、月、日的读法 2004年10月13日 October the thirteenth two thousand and four 前天 the day before yesterday 后天 the day after tomorrow 每隔一天 every other day或every two days 每天 daily 每周 weekly 每月 monthly 每年 annual ⑤ 分数和小数的读法 1/3 one third 2/5 two fifths 4.45 four point four five ⑥ 与价格、货币相关的词汇 美元 dollar 美分 cent 英镑 pound 便士 penny 欧元 European dollar/euro 钞票 bill 硬币 coin 零钱 change $17.56 seventeen dollars fifty-six cents / seventeen fifty-six 打折 on sale/discount/off 七折 30% off 半价 half price 两倍 double 三倍 triple ⑦ 与容量、重量、长度相关的词汇 加仑 gallon 品脱 pint 盎司 ounce 夸脱 quart 磅 pound 英尺 foot /feet( pl.) 英寸 inch 码 yard 英里 mile ⑧ 电话号码的读法 8848390 double eight four eight three nine zero/o ⑨ 三位数的读法 147 one hundred and forty seven ⑩ 字母与数字的并列读法 AVT64HO a v t six four h o 【例1】 1997.6 W: Here’s a 10-dollar bill, give me two tickets for tonight’s show please. M: Sure. Two tickets and here’s $1.40 change. Q: How much does one ticket cost? A) $1.40 B) $4.30 C) $6.40 D) $8.60 【预测】 看见选项带有“$”的符号,可断定这题是考与钱有关的,选项中的B和D又是倍数关系,往往为货币倍数计算题,所以确定B、D为最可疑选项。 【解析】 原文中出现4个数字,首先,聪明的你必须分清楚它们分别代表什么,之间有什么联系:“10”代表一张面值10美元(bill)的应付钞票,“2”代表要买的2张门票(tickets),“1.40”代表所找的1.40元零钱(change),“1”代表问题中问到的1张门票值多少钱(cost)。再来计算,不难发现 (10-1.40)/2=4.30,答案为B选项。 【例2】 1997.1 M: What’s the time for departure? W: 5:30.That only leaves us 15 minutes to go through the customs and check our baggage. Q: At what time did this conversation take place? A) 5:00 B) 5:15 C) 5:30 D) 5:45 【预测】 通过选项发现此题的答案小时都为5,分钟各不同,可预测到这题肯定是考分钟的加减运算,并且分钟之间差额按顺序都有15分钟,故判断原文中可能会围绕“fifteen minutes”的计算。 【解析】 原文中共出现两个数字,因此在听的过程中注意与这两个时间有关的动作或事件。5:30代表航班起飞的时间,明白leave代表只剩下15分通关的意思,不难听出它们之间的加减关系,所以A和C可以排除,剩下用减法,答案为B。 四级听力细节辨认题 数字细节的辨认是数字类最简单的一种,直接就能在听力原文中找到答案,但往往也是许多考生丢分的所在之处。原因是在原文中有很多干扰信息,其迷惑性极高,容易使人掉入其陷阱当中。所以遇到这种题型,首先务必明确其所有相关数字它们分别代表什么,并且关键是问什么,做好相应笔记,不要张冠李戴,盲目作答。尤其是要分清数字中“-teen”和“-ty”等之类读法的区别:前者为重读音节“ee”发长元音/ i:/,而后者不是。 【例1】 2001.6 M: I wonder if Suzy will be here by 5 o’clock. W: Her husband said she left home at 4:30, she should be here at 5:10,maybe 5:15 at the latest. Q: What time did Suzy leave home? A) 5:15 B) 5:10 C) 4:30 D) 5:00 【解析】 首先辨清问题是Suzy什么时候从家里出发,Suzy的丈夫说她4:30离家,所以C正确,A、B、D都为干扰选项,A是Suzy最晚需要到达的时间,B是Suzy应该到达的时间,D是预先到达的时间。 【例2】 W: Tom, you know that America covers an area of 9 million square kilometers? M: That’s right. I also know the continental United States stretches 5,418 kilometers from the east to the west. Q: What is the breadth of the continental USA from the east to the west? A) 5,418 kilometers B) 5,481 kilometers C) 9,000 kilometers D) 3,592 kilometers 【预测】 看到这种选项,表明其答案在原文播音中一定会放出,应做好相应 笔记。 【解析】 通过合并同类项可以排除选项C,因为四位数前两位都是54,难点在于分清18和80的读法区别至关重要:eighteen & eighty。所以选A,正确四位数读法为five thousand four hundred and eighteen。 英语四级听力题型解析04:等值转换题 四级听力等值转换题 这种题型相对来说比较令考生头疼,特点是因为它的答案无法在原文中直接找到,必须通过换算的方式计算出结果,而并非运用原文中的线索直接加减乘除,所以你一定要对英语中的代用词相当的敏感,以下为英语中常用到的代用词,务必倒背如流。 ① 时间的代用词 quarter 一刻钟、四分之一、季度 a dozen 一打、十二个 score 二十 monthly 一月一次 daily 一日一次 weekly 每周一次 fortnight 两星期 decade 十年 century 世纪、百年 millennium 千年 ② 倍数、货币的代用词 double、twice 两倍 fivefold 五倍 half 一半 a quarter 25美分 a dime 10美分 a nickel 5美分 【例1】 W: We have worked for a fortnight. And really need a break. M: How about seeing a play? I hear “Spiderman” is on at the National Theatre. Q: How long have they been working? A) Four nights B) Forty nights C) Fourteen days D) Four days 【解析】 这题当中应区分fortnight和four nights之间的发音。fortnight代表两个星期,也就是十四天,所以C为正确答案。 【例2】 M: Lisa, you know that Tom was late twice this week. W: It’s ok, the class is so boring, I was late three times that often and Mark was late six times. Q: How many times was Tom late? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 6 【解析】 Twice 是英语数字2的代用词,分清问的是Tom,答案为B。 先来热热身(听力文本见下方 1.A) Ten years B) Twenty years C) Forty years D) A hundred years 2.A) 10 years B) 15 years C) 20 years D) 40 years 3.A) 4 B) 8 C) 1 D) 2 4.A) 5 cents B) 10 cents C) 15 cents D) 20 cents 5. A) 25 months B) 5 months C) 12 months D) 6 months 6.A) $4 B) $25 C) $5 D) $29 7.A) 5 cents B) 15 cents C) 20 cents D) 25 cents 8.A) $0.5 B) $2.50 C) $3 D) $1 9.A) 5:25 B) 5:55 C) 5:40 D) 5:30 10. A) $10 B) $40 C) $30 D) $25 1.【选A】原文重现 M: Our university will be celebrating its hundredth anniversary next Monday. Shall we go back for a visit? W: I’d love to. It’s been a decade since we left. Q: How long ago did they graduate from school? 听力词汇扩展: go back 回去 go about 从事,着手做;闲逛 go over 过一遍,复习 go into 进入;投入;调查 2.【选C】原文重现 M: I have been working in this school for a score of years. W: Well, my mum has been working here twice as long as you. Q: How long has the man been working in that school? 3.【选D】原文重现 W: What do you think are the chances I’ll get the job? M: Well, I’m talking to four today. We’ll be hiring half. Q: How many people will be employed? 听力词汇扩展: apply for 提出申请 apply to 向……申请或要求 4.【选B】原文重现 M: I want to send a telegram to San Francisco. How much does it cost? W: Five dollars for the first 15 words and a dime for each additional word. Q: How much will each additional word cost? 5.【选D】原文重现 W: You’re thinner than you used to be, aren’t you? M: You bet I am! I’ve been dieting for half a year. I’ve lost 25 pounds and I feel great. Q: How long has the man been dieting ? 6.【选C】原文重现 W: I thought this kind of film cost four dollars each roll. M: It used to, but the price has gone up 25%. Q: How much does one roll of the film cost now? 听力词汇扩展: go up 上升;(物价等)上涨 go down 下去;(船等)下沉 7.【选A】原文重现 M: Do I have enough postage on this package ? W: Let’s see. You already have three-fifteen cent stamps and two twenty-five cent stamps on it .You only need another nickel. Q: How much else will the man pay for the postage ? 听力词汇扩展: pay for 付款 pay back 偿还(借款等);回报 pay off 还清 pay out 付出(款项等) 8.【选B】原文重现 M: How much are the tickets? W: They’re one dollar each for the general public, but student tickets are only a quarter. Q: How much will the man pay for two students ticket and two general public? 9.【选A】原文重现 W: Please hurry up, my train is leaving at a quarter to six. M: No problem, Madam. I’ll get you there in five minutes. And fifteen minutes is enough for you to board the station. Q: What time is it now? 10.【选B】原文重现 W: Jake, what a nice shirt, where did you get it? M: I bought it from Carrefour Supermarket. All the man’s clothes are on sale for the National Day. It costs only 20 dollars. I saved a half compared with Wal-mart. Q: How much is the shirt in Wal-mart 英语四级听力题型解析06:职业身份题 四级听力职业身份题 利用四个答案来扩展联想相关的信息词汇,提前作好准备。并通过场景判断身份,抓住原文中与职业相关的关键信息词且听清问的是哪方的职业或身份,以下为数类职业的相关信息词: ① 老师与学生(teacher and students) homework 作业 textbook 课本 hand in 交 page 页 lecture 讲座 take course 上课 pass 通过 fail 不及格 mark 分数 read 读 write 写 recite 背诵 type 打字 score 分数 tuition 学费 ② 医生与病人(doctor and patient) fever 发烧 headache 头疼 cough 咳嗽 toothache 牙痛 hurt 伤 prescription 药方 pills 药片 have a rest 休息 stay in bed 卧床 operation 手术 ③ 售货员与顾客(assistants and shoppers) on sale 减价 cheap 便宜 expensive 昂贵 fit well 合适 fashion 流行 new style 新款式 color 颜色 size 尺寸 customer 顾客 bargain 还价 cashier (商店)出纳 discount 打折 receipt 收据 ④ 侍者和客人(waiters and customers) menu 菜单 order 订 bill 账单 tip 小费 wine 葡萄酒 juice汁 dessert 甜点心 hamburger 汉堡 coffee 咖啡 salad 沙拉 steak 牛排 soup 汤 sandwich三明治 brandy白兰地酒 whisky威士忌酒 ⑤ 邮局、银行职员和顾客(clerks and clients) letter 信 mail 邮件 zip code 邮政编码 postcard 明信片 postage 邮费 stamp 邮票 deposit 存放 check 支票 loan 贷款 currency 货币 credit card 信用卡 account 账目 cash 现金 exchange rate 汇率 ⑥ 老板和秘书(boss and secretary) schedule 时间表 appointment 约会 type 打字 letter 信件 fill in form 填表 file 文件 fax 传真 ⑦ 图书馆管理员和学生(library staff and student) book shelf 书架 novel 小说 periodical 杂志 borrow 借 renew 续借 return 还 overdue 到期未付 on time 按时 ⑧ 司机和乘客(driver and passenger) taxi 出租车 fare 车费 get off 下车 get on 上车 change 零钱 station 车站 stop 停 常见的职业身份提问方式: ① Who is the woman most probably speaking to? ② What’s the man’s job? ③ What does the woman probably do? ④ What is the profession of the man?   【例1】1997.6 W: Excuse me, sir. I’m going to send this parcel to London. What’s the postage for it? M: Let me see. It’s one pound and fifty. Q: Who is the woman most probably speaking to? A) A railway porter B) A bus conductor C) A taxi driver D) A postal clerk 【解析】提前对四个选项(railway porter、bus conductor、taxi driver、postal clerk)积累相关词汇,再来听一听,你会发现本题关键信息词send this parcel, postage可推断出对话的场景是在邮局,所以男士的身份是D选项a postal clerk。 【例2】 M: Here is a prescription for some pills. Come back and see me if you still don’t feel well. W: Thank you very much for seeing me. Q: What’s the man’s job? A) Patient B) Doctor C) Pharmacist D) Physicist 【解析】通过四个选项不难发现这题肯定是考有关于病的职业,patient、doctor是常见的对应考点,极有可能答案在这两个选项里面,考生一定要听清问的是谁的职业,不要张冠李戴。 这位男士提到prescription for some pills(药方),并且后面的语气see me if you still don’t feel well(如果不舒服再来找我),很明显man的身份是医生B。 英语四级听力题型解析07:人物关系题 四级听力人物关系题 人物关系题除了了解相关人物身份的关键信息提示词外,还需要通过特殊身份相互之间使用的特殊语言及语气来进行判断其相互关系,并通过选项提前作好预测。下面是若干人物关系经常出现的语气用词: ① 夫妻、恋人常用亲昵温柔的语气: dear darling ② 店员与顾客常用的客气的语气: sir madam Can I…? What would you like to have? ③ 下属对老板常用恭敬伏贴的语气: Mr. Mrs. Ok Could you please…? ④ 亲朋好友常用简洁随便的语气: Hi! What’s up? Some water? ⑤ 父母、老师教训子女、学生常用严厉的语气: Don’t you remember…? What are you doing? ⑥ 医生询问病人的语气: You need take… What’s the trouble with you? 【例1】 2003.1 W: John. What are you doing on your computer? Don’t you remember your promise? M: This is not a game. It’s only a crossword puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary. Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A) Colleagues B) Husband and wife C) Employer and employee D) Mother and son 【解析】 播音之前考生需对选项(colleagues、husband and wife、employer and employee、mother and son)提前作好预测原文内容的信息词汇准备。这题需掌握对话双方的特殊身份语言及口气:原文中“扩大我的词汇量”明显提示说话者是学生,根据女士的话及含有教训的口气“不记得你作的保证?”可推知其身份为家长,所以两者的关系应为母子。选择D。 【例2】 2001.6 W: I heard you got full marks in the maths exam. Congratulations! M: Thanks! I’m sure you also did a good job. Q: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A) A math teacher and his colleague B) A teacher and his student C) A student and his classmate D) A librarian and a student 【解析】 通过选项可以断定原文内容是发生在学校里,留意对话双方的口气线索尤为重要。女士说她听说男士在考试中得了满分,男士说“you also did a good job.”指的是女士考得也不错,抓住关键提示词“also”,便可判断其关系是同学。答案为C。
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