英语反意疑问句

英语反意疑问句 反意疑问句表示说话人对自己提出的想法和情况较有把握，或问话的目的 只是希望对方来赞同或证实所陈述的事情。由两部分构成，即陈述句+反问句，在形式上通常遵循前肯定否定后否定或前否定后肯定，同时反问句的主语、谓语 必须与陈述句的主语、谓语相一致的原则。 1．前一部分用肯定形式，后一部分用否定形式，例如： 1）--They have learnt English for years, haven’t they? --No, they haven’t. / --Yes, they have. 他们英语已经学了好几年了，是吗？ 不，他们没学多少年。/ 是的，（他们学了好几年了。） 2）It’s a pleasant day for a walk, isn’t it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 今天是散步的好天气，是不是？ 是的，（今天是散步的好天气）。/ 不，（今天不是散步的好天气/今天天气不好）。 2．前一部分用否定形式，后一部分用肯定形式，特别要注意，这时英语回答和 汉语回答是不一致的。例如： 1) You can’t speak Japanese, can you? 你不会讲日语，是吗？ Yes, I can.不，我会讲。 / No, I can’t. 是的，我不会讲。 2）This clock doesn’t work well, does it?这只钟走的不正常，是不是？ Yes, it does. 不，挺正常的。 No, it doesn’t. 是的，不正常。 3）They didn’t put up their hands to ask questions, did they? 他们没有举手回答问题，是吧？ Yes, they did. 不，他们举了。 No, they didn’t. 是的，他们没有。 但在实际运用中，反意疑问句具有很大的灵活性特殊性。其特殊形式归纳如下： 1） 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I。例如： I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一样高，对吗？ I am your friend, aren't I? 2） 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。例如： I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话，行吗？ I wish I had met him, may I? I wish I were a bird, may I? 3） 陈述部分用 no, not, nobody, no one, none, neither , never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。例如： Some plants never blown （开花）, do they ? 有些植物从不开花，对吗？ You were hardly twelve then, were you? 你那时还几乎不到12岁，对吧？ You have no classes tomorrow, have you? 你明天没有课，是吧？ 4） 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。例如： He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么，对吗？ 5） 陈述部分有have to +v. （had to + v.），疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。例如：We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？ 6）陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。例如：He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？ They used to live in the city,usedn't they? He used to get up very early,didn't he? You used to play football, used you not? 7）陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? 例如： You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 你最好自己去读，好吗？ 8）陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。 例如：He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？ 9） 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。 例如：You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去，对吗？ 10） 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 ? must表示“一定要”、“必须”，疑问部分用needn’t,偶尔用mustn’t 例如：You must leave for Beijing next week, needn’t you? He must work hard at his subjects, mustn’t he? ? must表示“一定是”、“肯定是”，等推测含义时，疑问部分谓语须根据其推测 的情况来确定反意疑问句，也就是根据其后的动词原形选用相对应的形式。 例如：He must be there now, isn't he? 他现在肯定在那儿，是吧？ It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? 明天肯定要下雨，是吗？ He must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是医生，是吗？ You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 你一定读过三年英语，对吗？ He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？ They must be having a meeting now, aren’t they? He must have seen the film yesterday, didn’t he? 11） 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or ,both…and…,连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定,主语常用复数。例如： Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗？ Both Tom and Mary are new here, aren’t they? 12） 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词something, anything, everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。例如： Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就绪，是吗？ This is a book, isn’t it? 这是一本书，对吧？注意：主语为nothing时，反意疑问句用肯定形式。例如： Nothing he did was right, was it? 13） 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。例如： Everyone knows the answer, don't they? （does he?） 人人都知道，是这样吧？ Nobody knows about it, do they? （does he?） 没人知道这件事，是吧？ 14）带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need （dare ） +主语。例如： We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍，是吗？ He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说，是吗？ 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。例如： She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家，是吗？ 15）陈述部分所含的否定词是加前缀或后缀所构成的 ，否定前缀或后缀不能视 为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如： It is impossible, isn't it? 这不可能，是吗？ He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏，是吗？ It is unfair, isn’t it? He dislikes playing football, doesn’t he? 16） 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如： Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in Chin a now, shouldn't he? 史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他现在应该在中国，是吗？ b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。 例如： He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗？ He thinks he is going to become a doctor, doesn’t he? You think you are funny, don’t you? c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称I(we)，谓语是think, consider, believe, expect, supp ose, imagine等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分采用与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问 句，同时要注意否定的转移。例如： I don't think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明，是吗？ We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我们相信她能做得更好，她能吗？ I consider (that)he is serious, isn’t he? I don't believe that she has the book, does she? 17）祈使句的反意疑问句分下面几种情况 : (1) 肯定祈使句 ＋ will you ? 多表“ 请求 ”。例如： Come here early next time, will you? 肯定祈使句＋ won't you ? 多表“ 提醒注意 ”。例如： Listen to me attentively, won't you? 表邀请 ，请求多用 will you ，但也可根据需要选用其他形式。例如：Sing us a song, would you? Turn off the light, won't you? 表提醒某人做某事 ，除 won't you 外 ，还可用 would you,can you 等。 例如：Do write down your name have, would you? Stop talking, can you? (2) 否定祈使句 ＋ will you 或 can you? 例如： Don't be late again, will you? Don't make a noise, can you? 但在否定祈使句后不能使用 won't you. (3) Let's ... + shall we 或 shan't we? 例如： Let's begin our class, shall we? Let's get down to our business, shan't we? Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐，好吗？ 而 Let us / me / him ..., 则应用 will / won't you ? 例如： Let me have a try, will you? Let us have a rest, won't you? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you? 你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？ 18） 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。例如： There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的表有问题，对不对？ There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧，是吗？ 19). 感叹句附加反问句 ，其反问句一般使用否定式。例如： What fine weather, isn't it? How hard she works, doesn't she? How clever the boy is, isn't he? 20)陈述部分用 too ... to ... , 表 “ 太 …… 以致不能 …… ”，反问句用肯定形式 。例如： He is too excited to say a word, is he? They are too tired to go any farther, are they? 21) 陈述部分用 so 开头 ，反问句用“ 同向 ” 反问形式 ，表惊讶 ，不满，怀疑等情绪 。例如：So you don't want to go with us, don't you? So you are getting married, are you?