铁路事故论文：铁路高度危险作业侵权责任研究

铁路事故论文：铁路高度危险作业侵权责任研究 铁路事故论文:铁路高度危险作业侵权责任研究 【中文摘要】铁路作为国民经济发展的重要基础设施,在人们的生活和生产中有着特殊的地位和作用。随着铁路运输高度发展,铁路运输环境也发生了重大改变。铁路运输作为高度危险作业,极易对周围环境带来危险,造成人身伤亡和财产损失,而由此产生的权益纠纷也日渐增多。在我国目前的铁路作业相关立法中,对铁路事故的概念、铁路高度危险作业侵权责任的法律依据、归责原则、免责事由、赔偿范围以及赔偿标准等方面存在极大的争议,不仅不利于铁路事故纠纷的解决、当事人权益的保护,同时也影响了社会的稳定。基于此,本文从侵权法的角度出发,选择铁路高度危险侵权责任为研究课题,结合各类案例,从理论和实践两方面对铁路高度危险作业侵权责任中的争议问题展开研究,以期较为全面和清晰地认识铁路高度危险作业侵权责任,理解和掌握相关立法,并对实务操作有所裨益。全文共分三章,主要内容如下:第一章从对铁路交通事故的概念入手,以现有法律和行政法规的规定为依据,阐明目前对铁路交通事故理解方面的异同,归纳铁路交通事故的特征,重新界定铁路交通事故的概念。同时从侵权责任归责原则体系不同主张的比较,并结合铁路高度危险作业本身的特征和性质,以理论探讨和实践分析的方法,阐述了我国铁路高度危险作业侵权责任应当适用的归责原则。第二章就铁路高度危险作业侵权责任中争议最大的免责事由做了深入的研究。我国立法对于该类侵权责任的免责事由规定存在一定出入,而审判实践中,对免责事由 理解上的误差也会导致审判结果的异同,如何正确理解并适用目前铁 路高度危险作业侵权责任相关立法中的免责事由,以及在适用免责事 由的过程中应当注意哪些问题是本章讨论的重点。第三章探讨的是有 关铁路高度危险作业侵权责任的赔偿问题。2011年“7.23动车事故” 的发生以及之后涉及的赔偿问题,使得这部分的研究不仅成为法律界 关心的问题,也成为全社会所瞩热点。究竟在铁路高度危险侵权责任 赔偿中,适用全面赔偿还是限额赔偿,赔偿的范围是哪些?限额赔偿制 度是否也该有其适用规则?本章分别对这些问题进行了分析。本文希 望通过以上研究和探讨,力求厘清铁路高度危险作业侵权责任目前所 遇到的理论和实践问题,并对相关问题的研究和实践提供有用的参 考。 【英文摘要】As an important infrastructure, railway plays a special role in daily life and industrial production. With the highly development of the railway, the transportation situation correspondingly has profound changes. Railway transportation is a high-risk operation and extremely easy to bring danger to surrounding environment and cause losses in property and human life; accordingly, the disputes as arose out of it is gradually increasing. With respect to the relevant legislation upon railway operation in China, the concept of railway accidents, the legal ground, criterion of liability and exemptions, the compensation scope and standards are much debated, which will undermine the dispute settlements and the protection of people’s rights and affect the social stability. Therefore, this article, from the tort law prospective together with the case analysis, focusing on the tort liability of railway high-risk operation, analyzes the controversy issues of tort liability in railway accidents in theory, as well as in practice, and anticipates to comprehensively and clearly study the issue, understand the relevant legislations and make benefit to the practical operation.This article consists of three parts and the main contexts are as follows:Part one analyzing from the conception of railway accidents and based upon the current laws and regulations, clarifies the different meanings regarding the railway accident. It summarizes the main characteristics of railway accident and redefines it. Meanwhile, through comparing with the different views of criterion of tort liability in academic circles, and combining with the inherent features and nature of railway transportation, this article discusses the criterion of liability that should be applied in railway transportation accident.Part two further studies the most controversial issue in terms of the liability exemption in railway transportation. The current laws regarding the tort liability exemption have conflicts and the erroneous understanding may result in different judicial ruling. Thus the central subject of this part are how to correctly understand and apply the tort liability exemption in railway transportation accidents, and the concerns that should be noted in its application.Part three discusses the infringement compensation in railway high-risk operation. The compensation problem from the high-speed railway accident on July 23 has become a topical subject as concerned by legal field and the whole society. Which criterion should be applied in the railway transportation accidents, the full compensation or limited compensation? What is the scope of compensation? Does limited compensation have its applicable principles? To solve these questions, this article makes corresponding analysis.This article tries to figure out the tort liability issues as incurred for railway high-riks operations in theory and practice, and present some useful referent to the further research and practice. 【备注】在线加好友索购全文 :1-3-9-9.38-8-4-8 同时提供论文写作一对一指导和论文发委托服务。 本文由学术文献总库合作提供，无涉版权。作者如有异议请与总 库或学校联系。 【关键词】铁路事故 高度危险作业 归责原则 免责事由 损害赔 偿 【英文关键词】Railway Accident High-risk Operation Criterion of Liability Exemption Infringement Compensation 【目录】铁路高度危险作业侵权责任研究 摘要 4-6 Abstract 6-7 引言 10-12 第一章 铁路高度危险作业侵权责任概述及其归责 12-21 一、铁路高度危险作业侵权责任概述 12-14 (一) 对铁路交通事故的解读与界定 12-14 (二) 铁路交通事故责任的定性 14 二、铁路高度危险作业侵权责任归责原则 14-21 (一) 由案例引发的思考 14-15 (二) 我国铁路高度危险作业归责原则之争 15-17 (三) 国内外对归责原则的相关立法比较 17-19 (四) 我国铁路高度危险作业应采取无过错责任原则 19-21 第二章 铁路高度危险作业侵权责任免责事由 21-30 一、国内外相关立法对高度危险作业免责事由的规定 21-23 (一) 对国外立法关于高度危险作业免责事由的比较 21-22 (二) 对我国铁路高度危险作业立法的比较 22-23 二、如何正确理解铁路高度危险作业侵权责任的免责事由 23-28 (一) 不可抗力 23-25 (二) 受害人自身原因 25-28 三、审判实践中应注意的问题 28-30 (一) 对现行法律不同规定的适用 28 (二) 受害人自身原因适用范围的例外 28-30 第三章 铁路高度危险作业侵权责任的损害赔偿 30-37 一、 损害赔偿的原则 30-32 (一) 全面赔偿原则 30-31 (二) 过失相抵原则 31-32 二、对限额赔偿的反思 32-36 (一) 比较法上关于铁路高度危险作业限额赔偿的法律规定 32-34 (二) 限额赔偿的问题所在 34-35 (三) 无过错责任与限额赔偿制度适用的基本规则 35-36 三、对于赔偿范围的讨论 36-37 (一) 财产损害的赔偿 36 (二) 人身损害的赔偿 36-37 结语 37-39 参考文献 39-43 在读期间发表的学术论文与研究成果? 43-44 后记 44-45