美国试管婴儿技术与发展

美国试管婴儿技术与发展 Do you know what is the third generation of test tube babies in the United States? What are the advantages of the third generation of test tube baby in the United States? The success rate of the third generation of test tube babies in the United States in the end how high? Below, with these questions, we come together to understand. 你知道什么是美国第三代试管婴儿吗,美国第三代试管婴儿的优势有哪些呢,美国第 三代试管婴儿的成功率到底有多高呢,下面，带着这些疑问，我们就来一起了解一下吧。 The test tube baby technology is through the use of PGD genetic diagnosis, also known as the third generation of test tube baby, that is before embryo transfer, embryo genetic material to analyze and diagnose whether there is abnormal, the selected healthy embryos were transplanted and prevent genetic disease gene transfer method. Adapted to a genetic history of the population. 美国试管婴儿技术是通过运用PGD遗传诊断，又叫做第三代试管婴儿，指的是在胚胎 移植前，取胚胎的遗传物质进行进析诊断是否有异常，筛选出健康的胚胎进行移植，防止遗 传病基因传递的方法。适应于有遗传病史的人群。 1 genetic diagnosis has become an essential part of the IVF, the generation of pregnancy and embryo freezing and other items. 1.遗传诊断基本上成为 IVF、代怀孕和胚胎冷冻等项目的必备环节。 2 sex selection in China is not allowed, before the United States can choose to have sex in the embryo transfer, the real boy female by you. 2.性别筛选在中国国内是不被允许的，在美国胚胎移植之前可以选择性别，真正做到生 男生女由你定。 Screening of PGD, preimplantation single gene genetic disease screening, including cartilage development not, vascular edema, hereditary breast cancer, ovarian cancer and other more than 400 kinds of gene diagnosis and the diagnosis of qualified embryos implanted into the mother, such as get healthy and high quality baby provided critical support. The selected embryos can be recovered to normal after 5-6 days. PGD筛查，即胚胎植入前单基因遗传病筛查，其中包括软骨发育不全、血管性水肿、 遗传性乳腺癌、卵巢癌等400余种基因诊断服务，将诊断合格的胚胎植入母体，这样为获得 健康和高质量的宝宝提供了至关重要的保障。经筛选过的胚胎在5-6天之后便可以恢复正 常。 American test tube baby PGD Technology 美国试管婴儿PGD技术 1 at present, only a few parts of the top three hospitals have the qualification of test tube baby. 1.目前国内，只有极少部分三甲医院具备操作试管婴儿的资质。 2 of these have the qualification of test tube baby three hospitals, most of which are integrated hospital, is not the infertility specialist hospitals, equipment and medical standards are relatively backward in foreign countries. 2.这些具备试管婴儿手术资质的三甲医院，大部分都是综合型医院，并非不孕不育专科 医院，设备及医疗水平都相对国外要落后。 3.Stylization in 3 hospitals of the medical mode, the vast most women ovulate cannot and 3 armour hospital waiting in the diagnosis and treatment of anastomosis, can not be successfully artificial insemination, attending the waste female patients health risk of more and more low eggs. 3.三甲医院的就诊模式过于程式化，绝大多数女性患者的排卵期无法与三甲医院的轮候 诊治期吻合，不能顺利人工授精，会浪费求诊的女性患者健康几率越来越低的卵子。 4 test tube baby technology is divided into IVF (the first generation), ICSI (second generation), PGD (the third generation of the United States), the current domestic medical technology level can only operate second generation ICSI technology. The third generation PGD technology has been widely used in the United states. 4.试管婴儿技术分为IVF(第一代)、ICSI(第二代)、PGD( 美国第三代试管婴儿)，目前国 内的医疗技术水平最多只可以操作第二代ICSI技术。而美国第三代PGD技术已经得到普遍 应用。 5.In vitro fertilization of eggs and sperm from the mother's body is to be cultivated in vitro. This process is very high in the laboratory, the vast number of laboratories in the country can not reach such a high standard, leading to the success rate greatly reduced. 5.做试管婴儿前，要将从母体取出的卵子和精子放在培养液内培养，使其在体外受精。 这个过程对实验室的要求非常高，国内的绝大对数实验室达不到如此高的，导致成功率 大打折扣。 United States test tube baby development milestone 美国试管婴儿发展里程碑 The year 1989 1989年 AH PGD was successfully applied to clinical, with PCR technology, Y chromosome specific gene amplification in vitro, the diagnosis of female embryo transfer into the uterus was pregnant successfully. Initially the PGD is by PCR or fish detection of gender, female embryos were transferred to help family risk of hemophilia A and muscular dystrophy X linked genetic disease offspring couples pregnancy out of a normal baby. But according to the genetic law, this law will no doubt deny the birth of healthy boys, and allow the girl to multiply, and can not cut off the transmission of disease causing genes. Handyside AH首先将PGD成功应用于临床，用PCR技术行Y染色体特异基因体外扩 增，将诊断为女性的胚胎移植入子宫获妊娠成功。开初的PGD都是用PCR或FISH检测性 别，选女性胚胎移植，帮助有风险生育血友病A、进行性肌营养不良等X连锁遗传病后代 的夫妇妊娠分娩出一正常女婴。但按遗传规律，此法无疑否定健康男孩的出生，而允许携带 者女孩繁衍，并不能切断致病基因的传递。 The year 1992 1992年 The first report of the United States using PCR to detect the success of cystic fibers, and through the screening of embryos, the birth of a healthy baby. After the alpha-1 anti insulin deficiency, black family? Dementia, pigment calm retinitis and so on many kinds of single gene genetic disease of PGD detection method of PGD in detection of single gene genetic disease prevention of class. 美国首先报道用PCR检测囊性纤维成功，并通过胚胎筛选，诞生了健康婴儿。之后， α-1-抗胰岛素缺乏症、家庭黑?性痴呆、色素沉着视网膜炎等多种单基因遗传病的PGD检 测方法建立，PGD进入对单基因遗传病的检测预防阶级。 The year 1993 1993年 Later, due to the increased number of late older mothers, and women over the age of 45 chromosome abnormality rate, natural pregnancy easy childbirth 18-3 body and 21-3 body down, so the work focus of PGD to preventing detection of chromosomal diseases, detected by FISH. As the first polar body is sampled, the single sperm injection is required to be injected into the cytoplasm of a single sperm and to be cultured and developed into an embryo. 以后，由于晚婚晚育使大龄产妇人数增多，而45岁以上的妇女染色体异常率高、自然 妊娠容易分娩18-3体和21-3体愚型儿，于是PGD的工作热点转向了对染色体病的检测预 防，检测用FISH。由于取样多用第一极体，筛选出的为未授精卵，须进行单精子胞浆内注 射，待培养发育成胚胎后移植。 The role of PGD technology in test tube baby 美国试管婴儿PGD技术作用 Benefit mankind 造福人类 To stop the development of the embryo, the chromosomal abnormality rate of 70%, so that the selection of a normal embryo transfer, but also to improve the success rate of IVF-ET. In theory, where the diagnosis of genetic disease, should be able to prevent its transmission through PGD, but limited to the current technical conditions, PGD's indications there are some limitations. Eugenics is a problem of common concern in the world. With the development of molecular biological technology and more genetic disease gene was identified, I believe some accuracy and safety of genetic diagnosis technology will continue to emerge, PGD technology will be more and more perfect, the better for the benefit of mankind. 中途停止发育的胚胎，其染色体异常率达70% ，所以选择染色体正常的胚胎移植，还 能提高IVF-ET的成功率。从理论上讲，凡能诊断的遗传病，应该都能通过PGD防止其传 递，但限于目前的技术条件，PGD的适应证还有一定的局限。优生是世界共同关注的问题， 随着分子生物技术的发展和更多遗传病基因被确定，相信一些准确、安全的遗传诊断技术会 不断出现，PGD技术会日趋完善，更好的造福人类。 IQ is high or low 智商有高低 The problem that people first concern is the quality of "test tube baby". In fact, this problem has already been included in the medical research agenda. France has 370 first generation of test tube baby tracking survey 6 - 13 years, found that their lives, learning and physical conditions are good. As the most "test tube baby" growth in the high income and high culture level of well-off family, better conditions, and are regarded as "the apple", by meticulous care and education, so I can not know the first "test tube baby" have no special talent. 人们首先关心的问题是各代“试管婴儿”的质量。实际上，这个问题也早已列入医学研 究的议事日程。法国曾对370名第一代“试管婴儿”跟踪调查6―13年，发现他们的生活、 学习和身体情况均良好。由于大多数“试管婴儿”生长在高收入和高文化水平的殷实家庭， 条件较好，且均被视为“掌上明珠”，受到无微不至的关怀和教育，所以无法知道第一代“试 管婴儿”有无特别天赋。 To achieve the optimal pregnancy effect 达到优孕效果 The latest third generation of test tube baby technology can eliminate genetic defects, to deal with the genetic disease. If both parents carry genetic disease gene, such as the Mediterranean anemia, then may be conceived in a test tube is a sick children. In accordance with the previous techniques, can let the woman's first pregnancy, in 7 to 8 weeks and 6 months of pregnancy the two stages were drawn from chorionic villi and amniotic fluid to detect whether the health of the fetus, if we are not healthy choose abortion. This will cause great harm to women, some couples even experienced several "very reluctantly what it treasures", still not pregnant fetal health. 最新的第三代试管婴儿技术能排除基因缺陷，对付遗传疾病。如果夫妇双方都携带遗传 病基因，如地中海贫血，那么试管里孕育的可能就是个带病的孩子。按照之前的技术手段， 只能让女方先怀孕，在怀孕7~8周和4~6个月这两个阶段，分别抽取绒毛和羊水来检测胎 儿是否健康，如果不健康则选择引产。这样会对女性造成很大的伤害，有的夫妇甚至经受过 数次“忍痛割爱”，仍然怀不上健康的胎儿。 In order to solve this problem, the third generation technology came into being. This is how a kind of magical technology? In the Mediterranean anemia, for example, both husband and wife if thalassemia gene carriers, then 1 / 4 chance produce severe thalassemia children, and 1 / 4 chance give birth to healthy children. At this point to do is to pick out the health of the 1/4". 为了解决这个难题，第三代技术应运而生。这是怎样一种神奇的技术呢?以地中海贫血 为例，夫妻双方如果都是地贫基因携带者，那么有1/4的几率生出重症地贫的孩子，同时也 有1/4的几率生出健康的孩子。此时要做的就是通过技术手段挑出这“健康的1/4”。 Normal pregnant women have only one embryo, but through the test tube baby technology, can produce more than one embryo. During the third days of embryonic development, medical personnel will be selected from each embryo to carry out a cell to detect, the health of the embryo, and then transplanted into the female body. Therefore, the third generation technique is also called the genetic diagnosis of embryo transfer. 正常怀孕的妇女体内只有一个胚胎，可是通过试管婴儿技术，能一次产生多个胚胎。在 胚胎发育的第三天，医务人员会从每个胚胎中都挑出一个细胞来进行检测，选出健康的那个 胚胎，再移植到女性的体内。因此，第三代技术也叫做胚胎移植前遗传学诊断。 Through the above introduction, we should have a more detailed understanding of the United States of the third generation of test tube baby technology. The United States of the third generation of test tube baby in technology is far more than the domestic, the success rate is high, security is also guaranteed. So we recommend a good condition of the family choose to go to the United States to do IVF, whether for children or for mothers are very good. 通过以上的介绍，我们对于美国第三代试管婴儿技术应该有了比较详细的了解。美国第 三代试管婴儿在技术上是远远超过国内的，成功率高，安全也有保障。所以我们推荐条件不 错的家庭选择去美国做试管婴儿，无论是对于孩子还是对于母亲都是有很好的。