大气压与温度的关系

大气压与温度的关系 大气压:和高度、湿度、温度的变化成反比,,注意，这里说的是大气压，而非气压, 详细如下: 高度越高,,空气越稀薄, 湿度越大,,空气中的水分越多，尔水的分子量比空气的混合分子量小，水气的增加，等于稀释了空气, 温度越高,,虽然增加了空气分子的对撞机会，但是空气迅速膨胀，对流，尔引起空气变得稀薄，其增加的对撞能量远小于空气变稀薄减小的对撞能量，自然空气压力减小。 有关常识如下: 定义: 1.亦称“ 大气压强 ”。重要的气象要素之一。由于地球周围大气的重力而产生的压强。其大小与高度、温度等条件有关。一般随高度的增大而减小。例如，高山上的大气压就比地面上的大气压小得多。在水平方向上，大气压的差异引起空气的流动。 2.压强的一种单位。“大气压”的简称。科学上规定，把相当于760mm高的水银柱,汞柱,产生的压强或1.01×十的五次方帕斯卡叫做1标准大气压，简称大气压。 地球的周围被厚厚的空气包围着，这些空气被称为大气层。空气office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 可以像水那样自由的流动，同时它也受重力作用。因此空气的内部向各个方向都有压强，这个压强被称为大气压。在1643年意大利科学家托里拆利在一根80厘米长的细玻璃管中注满水银倒臵在盛有水银的水槽中，发现玻璃管中的水银大约下降了4厘米后就不再下降了。这4厘米的空间无空气进入，是真空。托里拆利据此推断大气的压强就等于水银柱的长度。后来科学家们根据压强公式准确地算出了大气 5压在标准状态下为1.013×10Pa。由于当时的信息交流不畅意大利和法国对大气压实验研究结果并没有被全欧洲所熟知，所以在德国对大气压的早期研究是独立进行的。1654年奥托格里克在德国马德堡作了著名的马德堡半球实验，有力的验证了大气压强的存在，这让人们对大气压有了深刻的认识。在那个时期，奥托格里克还做了很多验证大气压存在且很大的实验，也正是在这一时候他第一次听到托里拆利早在11年前已测出了大气压。 标准大气压 1标准大气压=760毫米汞柱=76厘米汞柱=1.013×10的5次方帕斯卡=10.336米水柱。 标准大气压值及其变迁 标准大气压值的规定，是随着科学技术的发展，经过几次变化的。最初规定在摄氏温度0?、纬度45?、晴天时海平面上的大气压强为标准大气压，其值大约相当于76厘米汞柱高。后来发现，在这个条office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 件下的大气压强值并不稳定，它受风力、温度等条件的影响而变化。于是就规定76厘米汞柱高为标准大气压值。但是后来又发现76厘米汞柱高的压强值也是不稳定的，汞的密度大小受温度的影响而发生变化,g值也随纬度而变化。 测量大气压的仪器叫气压计。 为了确保标准大气压是一个定值，1954年第十届国际计量大会决议声明，规定标准大气压值为 1标准大气压,101325牛顿,米2，即为101325帕斯卡,Pa) 大气压的变化 温度、湿度与大气压强的关系 湿度越大大气压强越大 初中物理告诉我们:“大气压的变化跟天气有密切的关系,一般地说，晴天的大气压比阴天高，冬天的大气压比夏天高,”对这段叙述，就是老师也往往不易说清，笔者认为，这个问题可归结为温度、湿度与大气压强的关系问题,今谈谈自己的初步认识, 我们通常所称的大气，就是包围在地球周围的整个空气层,它除了含有氮气、氧气及二氧化碳等多种气体外，还含有水汽和尘埃,我们把含水汽很少,即湿度小,的空气称“干空气”，而把含水汽较多,即湿度大,的空气称“湿空气”,不要以为“干”的东西一定比“湿”的东西轻,其实，干空气的分子量是28.966，而水汽的分子量是18.0office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 16，故干空气分子要比水汽分子重,在相同状况下，干空气的密度也比水汽的密度大,水汽的密度仅为干空气密度的62,左右, 应当说，由于大气处于地球周围的一个开放空间，而不存在约束其运动范围的具体疆界，这就使它跟处于密闭容器中的气体不同,对一个盛有空气的密闭容器来说，只要容器中气体未达到饱和状态，那么，当我们向容器中输入水汽的时候，气体的压强必然会增加,而大气的情况则不然,当因自然因素或人为因素使某区域中的大气湿度增大时，则该区域中的“湿空气”分子,包括空气分子和水汽分子,必然要向周围地区扩散,其结果将导致该区域大气中的“干空气”含量比周围地区小，而水汽含量又比周围地区大,这犹如在大豆中掺入棉籽时其混合体密度要小于大豆密度一样，所以该区域的湿空气密度也就小于其它地区的干空气密度, 这样，对该区域的一个单位底面积的气柱而言，其重量也就小于其它干空气地区同样的气柱这也就告诉我们，“大气压随空气湿度的增大而减小,” 就阴天与晴天而言，实际上也就是阴天的空气湿度比晴天要大，因而阴天的大气压也就比晴天小, 我们知道，气体分子的“碰撞”是产生气体压强的根本原因,因而对大气压随空气湿度而变化的问题，我们也可以由此作出解释，根据气体分子运动的基本理论，气体分子的平均速率: 则气体分子的平均动量,仅考虑其大小, office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 由此可见，平均质量大的气体分子，其平均动量也大,有的文献?中所言:“干空气的平均速度也大于湿空气”，是不正确的,,而对相同状况下的干空气与湿空气来说，由于干空气中的气体分子密度及分子的平均质量都比湿空气要大，且干空气分子的平均动量也比湿空气大，因而湿度小的干空气压强也就比湿度大的湿空气大, 当我们给盛有空气的密闭容器加热的时候，则其压强当然也会增大,而对大气来说情况就不同了,当某一区域的大气温度因某种因素而升高时，必将引起空气体积的膨胀，空气分子势必要向周围地区扩散,温度高，气体分子固然会运动得快些，这将成为促进压强增大的因素,但另一方面，随着温度的升高，气体分子便向周围扩散，则该区域内的气体分子数就要减少，从而形成一个促使压强减小的因素,而实际的情况乃是上述两种对立因素共同作用的结果,至于这两种因素中哪个起主要作用，我们不妨来看一看大陆及海洋上气压随气温变化的实际情况,我们说，夏季大陆上气温比海洋上高，由于大陆上的空气向海洋上扩散，而使大陆上的气压比海洋上低,冬季大陆气温比海洋上低，由于海洋上空气要向大陆上扩散，又使大陆上气压比海洋上高,而由此可见，在温度变化和分子扩散两个因素中，扩散起着主要的、决定性的作用,应当指出，这里所说的扩散，是指空气的横向流动,因为由空气的纵向流动并不能改变竖直气柱的重量,有的文献?把因温度而产生的气压变化说成是空气沉浮的结果，这是不妥的,，因而也就不能改变大气的压强,对重力加速度g因高度变化而产生的影响完全可以忽略,, office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 由于地球上的大气总量是基本上恒定的,当一个地区的气温增加时，往往伴随着另一个地区温度的降低，这就为高温处的空气向低温处扩散带来了可能,而扩散的结果常常是高温处的气压比低温处低,当我们生活的北半球是接受太阳热量最多的盛夏时，南半球却是接受太阳热量最少的严冬,这时，由于北半球的空气要向南半球扩散而使北半球的气压较南半球要低,而由于大气总量基本不变，则此时北半球的气压就低于标准大气压，南半球的气压当然也就会高于标准大气压,同样，空气的反方向扩散又会使北半球冬季的气压高于标准大气压,因而，在北半球，冬季的大气压就会比夏季要高,当然，大气压的变化是很复杂的，但对中学课本上的说法作上述解释还是可以的很详细啊。 气压的日变化 陆地比热小 夏季陆地升温快，海洋升温慢，所以陆地气压较低，海洋气压较高，风从海洋,高压区,吹向陆地,低压区,，是偏南风,不全是东南风，我国云南受印度洋季风的影响，是西南风,。 冬季陆地降温快，海洋降温慢，所以陆地气压较高，海洋气压较低，风从陆地,高压区,吹向海洋,低压区,，是偏北风,不全是西北风，我国云南受印度洋季风的影响，是东北风,。 气压的日变化 地面气压日变化的特点是在一天中有一个最高值office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 和一个次高值，一个最低值和一个次低值。最高值出现在9 ,10时，次高值出现在21,22时,最低值出现在15,16时，次低值出现在3,4时。气压最高值和最低值的出现与气温的日变化有关，地球上向阳的一边,白天,由于加热作用使空气膨胀而垂直上升，到一定高度后向四周辐散，致使空气柱的质量减少，地面气压降低。背阳的一面,夜间,由于冷却作用，气柱收缩，空中四周气流辐合，使气柱质量增多，地面气压升高。气压的日变化在低纬度地区比较明显。气压日振幅,一日中最高值与最低值之差，又称为日较差,随纬度的增高而减小。在低纬地区，平均日振幅可达3,4百帕，到纬度50"附近日振幅不足1 百帕了。不同纬度上气压日变化的情况，在我国中纬度地区气压日振幅为1,2,5百帕，在低纬地区为2,5,4百帕，而在西藏高原东部边缘的山谷中气压的日振幅有时可达6. 5百帕。 应用 1.高压锅,高压锅中封闭了空气，给高压锅内空气加热时，锅内气体压强增大，使锅内的水沸腾时温度更高，更容易煮熟食物 2.真空吸盘,可以依靠外界大气压将其压在墙上，可以挂东西, 3.拔罐头疗法,中医中有一种玻璃罐，将其加热时迅速按在人体某部位，等罐内空气冷却后，会被外界气压按照皮肤上，此时用力拔下玻璃罐，会吸出人体内有害的毒血，有利于康复, office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 4.飞机飞行,飞机机翼上方呈流线型，当空气流过机翼时，一部分空气从飞机机翼上方流过，一部分空气从机翼下方流过，因为机翼上方为流线型，所以空气要在相同的时间内流过不同的距离则速度不相同，机翼上方空气流速较大，大气压较小,下方很平，空气流速较小，大气压较大，于是。飞机在高速行驶时，机翼下方的大气压大，而机翼上方的大气压小，机翼上下的压力差使飞机获得了升力, 什么试验证明大气压存在, 实验一:模拟马德堡半球实验。 两个皮碗口对口挤压，然后两手用力往外拉，发现要用较大的力才能拉开。 马德堡半球实验和模拟实验的共同点是:将金属球内和皮碗内的空气抽出或挤出，使金属球内和皮碗内空气的压强减小，而外界的大气压强就把它们紧紧地压在一起，要用较大的力才能拉开，这就有力证明了大气压强的存在。 实验二:“瓶吞蛋”实验。 用剥了壳的熟鸡蛋堵住广口瓶口，实验前用手轻轻用力，不能将鸡蛋完整地压入瓶内。再将点燃的棉球扔入装有细沙,防止烧裂瓶底,的瓶中，迅速将该熟鸡蛋塞住瓶口，待火熄灭后，观察到鸡蛋“嘣”的一声掉入瓶内。 上述实验，由于棉花燃烧使瓶内气压降低，当瓶内压强小于瓶外大气压强时，鸡蛋在大气压强的作用下，被压入瓶内。office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage 实验三:“覆杯实验” 玻璃杯内装满水，用硬纸片盖住玻璃杯口，用手按住，并倒臵过来，放手后，整杯水被纸片托住，纸片不掉下来。 该实验玻璃杯内装满水，排出了空气，杯内的水对纸片向下的压强小于大气对纸片向上的压强，因而纸片不掉下来。 上述三个实验，不难理解大气压强存在问题。更深入研究:“瓶吞蛋”明大气竖直向下有压强，“覆杯实验”表明大气向上有压强。因而显示出大气压强的特点:大气向各个方向都有压强。 大气压指的是大气,空气,产生的压强。由于气体和液体一样具有流动性，所以对各个方向都有压强。 你所提出的问题是说在高山上的温度往往低于山下，为什么在山顶的大气压小于山下的大气压。 因为大气压的产生也和液体产生的压强一样与深度有关。我们地球的外层是由大气层包围着，那么离地面越近，大气层就越厚，所以产生的压强就越大。所以海拔越高的地方大气层就越薄，产生的大气压强也就越小。 office, branch offices (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management sector through supervision and inspection found problems, should be assigned the investigators are corrected in a timely manner. 27th the fifth chapter penalty under any of the following acts, then the relevant provisions to punish the investigators, according to the Bank. To constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility: (A) on the business that are not involved in the investigation, issued a survey. (B) customer credit information are not thorough verification. (Iii) to participate in credit customer survey is not in place, customers and data is incomplete, untrue; he knows bear a counterfeited clients issuing credit. (D) does not provide for due diligence of credit business, pre-loan investigation form, concealing facts or providing false information or should be found in a normal investigation failed to discover the risk factors, lead to the review and approval policy errors, loan risk. (Five) on loan guarantees of survey not in place, not by provides on arrived, and pledge real for field verification, and assessment, and identification and registration, not according to provides on guarantor of guarantees qualification and guarantees capacity for survey verified, led to guarantees loan lost authenticity, and legitimacy, and effectiveness of; cycle loan business in the of mortgage