英语中的从句是什么年级初二科目英语时间219

英语中的从句是什么年级初二科目英语时间219 英语中的从句是什么,年级:初二 科目:英语 时间:2/19/2014 20:18:18 新6721889 英语中的从句是什么, 答:初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有:The Object Clause (宾语从句)、The Adverbial Clause (状语从句) 和 The Attributive Clause (定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。 宾语从句:是做动词、介词或形容词宾语的从句。 句型:主句+连词+宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有that(that在口语中常省略)。 whether，if，和连接代词what， which， who， whom及连接副词when， where， how， why。 He knew(that) he should study hard.他知道他应该努力学习。 Can you tell me which class you are in,您能告诉我，您在哪一班吗, He asked me if he could come in.他问我他是否能进来。 宾语从句应注意的问题 时态的一致(主句的时态与从句的时态一致) a. 宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 I know he lives here.我知道他住在这儿。 I know he lived here ten years ago.我知道他十年前住在这儿。 I have heard that he will come.我已经听说他要来了。 b.宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时)，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。 他问我们是否所有的人都出席了。 c. 但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 2.语序的变化 a.陈述句变为宾语从句时，语序不变。 陈述句:He is an honest man.他是一个诚实的人。 宾语从句:I said he was an honest man. 我说他是一个诚实的人。 (连词that可省) 陈述句:We'll win.我们会赢。 宾语从句:We believe we'll win.我们相信我们会赢。 b.一般疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序，用whether，if连接。 一般疑问句:Does he study hard,他学习认真吗, 宾语从句:I wonder if(whether)he studies hard. 我不知道他是否认真学习。 一般疑问句:Will they win,他们会赢吗, 宾语从句:I asked if(whether) they would win. 我问他们是否会赢。 c.特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序，用连接代词或副词(即保留原来的疑问词)。 特殊疑问句:Who is he,他是谁, 宾语从句:Do you know who he is,你知道他是谁吗, 特殊疑问句:What does he want,他要什么, 宾语从句:I don't know what he wants.我不知道他要什么。 注意 Who went there,谁去那里呢,(特殊疑问句) I wonder who went there. 我不知道谁去那里。(宾语从句) 因为是对主语提问，所以特殊疑问句语序不变。变为宾语从句时，语序依然不变。 特殊疑问句:When did he leave,他何时离开的, 宾语从句:I know when he left.我知道他是什么时候离开的。 特殊疑问句:Where will he arrive,他将会到哪里呢, 宾语从句:He asked me where he would arrive.他问我他将会到哪里。 中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面: 1、定语从句的功用和结构 2、关系代词和关系副词的功用 3、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。 【名师精讲】 一. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. 二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系 起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语， 关系副词可作状语。 1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。 例如: I don’t like people who talk much but do little. The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语 She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如: What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. This is the house where I was born. 三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如: The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如: Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate? Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如: The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如: A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如: I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如: I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如: This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 四. 关系代词whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定 语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词 置于定语从句的后面，如: That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题: 1. 只能使用that，不用which 的情况: (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如: All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如: He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如: He was the second (person) that told me the secret. (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year. (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如: He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 2. 只能用which，不用that的情况: (1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如: The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如: The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等。状语从句可分为 时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较(或方式)和条件等类。 1(时间状语从句 时间状语从句的引导词有when，as，while，after，before，since等。 引导词 概念及特点 例句 强调特定时间(点)。 Please let me know when you have trouble.(当)when 你有困难时请告诉我。 强调特定(一段时间)。实际意思为while Do not make any noise while I am recording. “在……的过程中”。 (在)我录音(的过程中)时你不要吵闹。 “直到” He waited until all the people left.他一直等到所until 有的人都走了。 “直到……才” I didn’t go to bed until Mum came back.直到妈not until 妈回来后我才上床睡觉。 2(地点状语从句 地点状语从句的引导词有where，wherever。 Make a mark where you find an error. 在你发现有错的地方做个记号。 3(原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的词有because，since，as等。 The determination of nationality is a crucial matter, because it has the potential of affecting all business operations. 确定国籍是一个关键问题，因为这个问题会影响所有的商业行为。 4(目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的词有:that，so that，in order that等。 We must work harder so that we may fulfil our plan ahead of schedule. 我们必须努力工作，以便能提前完成计划。 As she walked, she dropped the seeds along the road so that she would know the way back. 当她走路的时候，她沿路撒上种子以便她能知道回来的路。 5(结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的词有so that，so…that等，如: The coat was so expensive that I could not afford it.这件外套非常贵，我买不起。 6(比较状语从句 引导这类状语从句的词有:than，as等。 He worked as fast as a qualified technician.他干起活来和一个合格的技术员一样快。 The project was completed earlier than they had expected.项目比他们预期的提前完成了。 In 1994 the plant produced twice as much steel as it did in 1981. 1994年工厂的钢产量比1981年翻了一番。 7(让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的词有:though, although, no matter, whatever, even if, however等。 We’ll start on our journey even if the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。 8(条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的词有if, unless, suppose, as long as等。 If he has no objection, we will carry out the plan. 如果他不反对，我们将执行计划。