7号同源染色体对小麦气体交换及荧光参数的影响（摘要）（英文）

7号同源染色体对小麦气体交换及荧光参数的影响（摘要）（英文） 7号同源染色体对小麦气体交换及荧光参数 的影响(摘要)(英文) AgriculturalScience&Technology,2010,11(1):25—27 Copyright? 2010.InformationInstituteofHAAS.Allrightsrese~edPlantPhysiologyandBiochemistry EffectsofHomologousGenome7onGasExchange andChlorophyllFluorescenceParametersofWheat WEIAi-li’,CHANGZhi-jian,WANGHui-qin’,ZHANHai-xian 1,DepartmentofBiology,TaiyuanNormalUniversity,Taiyuan030031;2.CropGeneticsResearchInstitute,ShanxiAcademyofAgricultural Sciences,Taiyuan030031 Abstract[objective]T0studytheeffectsofhomologouschromosomes7(7A,7Band7D)onwheatphotosynthesisandprovidetheoreticaI basisforbreedinghighphotosyntheticefficiencywheatbygenetic,physiologicalandbiochemicaImeans.『Method]TheTriticumasefivumculti. varChineseSpringwheatandnullisomicwheat(N7A,N7BandN7D)wereplantedingreenhouse.Thephotosyntheticindexesweredetermined atearlyfillingstage.1Result]Thephotosyntheticrate(Pn),stomatalconductance(Gs).primaryphotochemicalefficiency(Fv/Fm).actual chemicalefficiencyofphotosystemII(中 PSII)andapparentelectrontransferrateofphotosystemII(ETR)weresignificantlylowerintheN7A andN7BthanintheChineseSpring(P<0.05).ThephotosyntheticrateandstomataIcondu~ancewassignificantlyIower}ntheN7Dthaninthe ChineseSpring(P<0.05).TheFFm,中 PSll,ETRofN7DwerehigherthanthatoftheChineseSpringwithoutsignificantdifference.『Con- clusion]Thehomologouschromosomes7Aand7BhavepositiveeffectsonphotosyntheticrateandhaverelationshipwithstomataIconductance andphotoreaction(chlorophyllfluorescenceparameters).ThehomologOUSchromosome7Dhasnegativeeffectsonphotosyntheticrate.which ismainlyrelatedtostomatalconductanceratherthanphotoreaction. KeywordsChromosomedeletion;Triticumasetivum;Photosyntheticcharacteristics:Fluorescenceparameters PhOtOsynthesisofplant tors’:’一.Somestudieshave iscontrolledbygeneticfac- ndicatedtheassociationsbe. tweengenomesandphotosynthesisinwheat.GenomeAof wildwheatmayrelatetohighphotosyntheticrate(Pn)L4-6) andgenomeDhasnegativeeffectsonphotosynthesisl一. FUrtherm0re.chromosomes1Dand3Dhavepositiveeffects onPnandchlorophylIcontent.whilechromosome2Dhas negativeeffects.ZhangetalalsoIndicatedthatthegenome AchlorophylIrelativesteadyphase(RSP)andphotosynthetic activeduration(APD).chromosome4Bharboringdwarfgene Rht3canpromotethephotosynthesis,chromosomes4Aand 4Bgreatlyaffectphotosyntheticfunctionsofwheat,andshort armofchromosome2AandIonearmofchromosome5Aand 7DhavepositiveeffectsonRuBPcase.Otherstudiesindi- catedthatchromosome3AisrelatedtoIeafstomatalresist. ance.chromosome3Dlnfluencesquantumefficiencyofphot- osystem-1.Moreover.deletionoftwoarmsofchromo- some3Dandshortarmofchromosome6DIeadstoagreat decreaseofPn_1.anddeletionofchromosome7Dleadstoa greatincreaseofcarbondioxideexchangerateofChina Springwheat12J.Chromosome4AL, 4BSand4DScarry phytase(PhyA)gene13j,indicatinghomologousgenome4 playsanimportantroleinthephOtOsVnthesis... Currentstudiesontherelationshipbetweenchromosome andphotosyntheticcharacterIsticsinwheatarenotsystemat- ic,andtheresultsarenotcompletelyconsistent.Moreover, thesestudiesfocusontheeffectsofacertaingenome,ditelo- somics.oracertainchromosomeonphotosyntheticcharac- teristicsanddifferentgenomematerialsintheprocessofevo- lution.However.fewstudieswereperformedoneffectsofho— mologouschromosome7ongasexchangeandchlorophyllflu. orescenceparametersduringphOtOsyntheticprocessin Received:November24,2009Accepted:January11,2010 SupportedbyExcellentYoungAcademicLeadersProjectofShanxi Province. Correspondingauthor.E-mail:wa169@sina.com wheat.TheTriticumasetivumcultivarChineseSpringwheat (AABBDD)wasevolvedbydoubleofchromosomefromnatu. raIcrossbreedsofemmerwheatandcentraIAsiawildplant Aegilopssquarroa,andthustheChineseSpringwheathas genomeABoftheemmerwheatandgenomeDoftheAe- gilopssquarroa.Wechosehomologouschromosome7nu1. Iisomicasetivumcuasmaterialsandexploredeffectsofho- mologouschromosome7onwheatphotosynthesisinorderto provideabasisforbreedinghighphotosyntheticefficiency wheatbygenetic.physiologicalandbiochemicaImeans. MaterialsandMethods wheat Thetestedwheatincludinglhe.『f『cumase#vumcultivar ChineseSpringwheat(CK)andlts7A.7Band7Dnullisomic wheat(N7A,NBandN7D)wereprovidedbVB.S.G川.a professorofKansasStateUniversity(Manha~an,USA). ThewheatwasplantedingreenhouseofCropsHeredity Researchlnstitute.ShanxiAgriculturaIAcademyofSciences (Taiyuan,China)attheendofOctober2007andmanaged accordingtoregularrules.Relatedindexesweredetectedat earlyfillingstageonApril2oo8. Determinationofphotosyntheticindexes PhOtOsvntheticindexesweredeterminedbytheopen flowgasexchangeofTPS-1phOtOsVn廿1esissystembetween 9:3Oand11:3O.Thelightintensitywaswithin(800?2O) umol/(m?s),andthecOncenlratiOnofcarbondioxidewas controlledat390ul/L.Eachindexwasdetected6times. Determinationoffluorescenceparametere ThefluorescenceparametersweredetectedbyFMS-2 portablemodulatedfluorescencedetector(Hansatech:Nor- folk.Britain).ertheIeafwasheldbyIeaffolder.maximum fluorescence(Fm),steadyfluorescence(Fs),apparent electrontransferratefETR).andactuaIchemicalefficiency ofphotosystemlI(中PSII)weredeterminedinIight.Thenthe Ieaffolderwaspoweredoff.andafter20min.originaIfluores. cence(Fo),Fm,prImaryphotochemicalefflciency(Fr/Flm) weredeterminedinsaturatedpulselight…. StatisticaIanalysis ThesignificanceofdifferencewasanalyzedbySPSS 10.0software.Thesignificanceofdifferencebetweentwo materialswasanalyzedbvftestandone—factoranalysisofva— riance.Thedifferencebetweenthenullisomicwheatwastest— edbvanalysisofvarianceandrevisedwithLSD. ResultsandAnalysis Differenceinphotosyntheticrateandgasexchangerate betweenchromosome7nullisomicwheatandChinese Spring Table1showsthephotosyntheticcharacteristicsofchro— mosome7nullisomicwheatandChineseSpring.Ascanbe AgriculturalScience&TechnologyVo1.11,No.1,2010 seenfrOmTable1.thePnoftheN7AandN7BwasIower thanthatoftheChineseSpring(P<0.01),indicatingthe chromosomes7Aand7BmayhavepositiveeffectsonPn. ThePnoftheN7DwashigherthanthatoftheChineseSpring (P<0O5).indicatingthechromosomes7Dmayhavenega- tiveeffectsonPn.Thetranspirationrate(Tr)oftheChinese Springwasthehighest,butitwassignificantlyhigherthan tha1ofthegenome7nullisomicwheat.ThestomataIconduct? ancefGs)oftheN7AandN7Bwasfowerthanthatofthe ChineseSpring(P<0.01or0.O5),indicatingthatthechro- mosomes7Aand7BmavhavepositiveeffectsonGs.The GsoftheN7DwashigherthanthatoftheChineseSpring (P<0.O5).indicatingthechromosomes7Dmayhavenega- tiveeffectsonGs. Table1Differenceinphotosyntheticcharacteristicsbetweenchromosome7nullisomicwheatandChin eseSpring }standsfordifferencebetweenChineseSpringandnullisomicwheatatthe0.01leve1.andstandsfordiffe rencebetweenChineseSpdng andnullisomicwheatatthe0.05leve1.Dataareexpressedinthef0rmofmean?standarderrorfx4-s1.The sameasfollows.” Differenceinfluorescenceparametersbetweenchromo- some7nullisomicwheatandChineseSpring Table2showsthechlorophylIfluorescenceparametersof chromosome7nullisomicwheatandChineseSpring.Ascan beseentf0mTable2.theF,,/FmoftheN7AandN7Bwas IowerthanthatoftheChineseSpring(P<0.O5).indicating thechromosomes7Aand7Bmayhavepositiveeffectson Fv/Fm.AndtheFv/FmoftheN7Dwashigherlhanthalof theChineseSpring.indicatingthechromosomes7Dmay havenegativeeffectsornoeffectonFv/Fm.ThePSIJof theN7AandN7BwasIowerthanthatoftheChineseSpring positiveeffects0n中PSlI.ThePSlloftheN7Dwasslightly higherthanthatoftheChineseSpring(P<O.05),indicating thechromosomes7Dmayhavenegativeeffectsornoeffect On中PSl1.TheETRisthenon-cyclicphotosyntheticelectron lransferrateofPSIIandreflectstheapparentphotosynthetic electrontransportefficiencyinactuaIIightintensity.TbeETR oftheN7AandN7BwaslowerthanthatoftheChineseSpnng (P<0.05).indicatingthechromosomes7Aand7Bmayhave positiveeffectsonETR.TheETRoftheN7Dwashigherthan thatoftheChineseSpring.}ndicatingthechromosomes7D mayhavenegativeeffectsornoeffectonETR. (P<O.05),indicatingthechromosomes7Aand7Bmayhave Table2Differenceinchlorophyllfluorescenceparametersbetweenchromosome7nullisomicwheatan dChineseSpring Discussion ThePnandGsoftheN7AweresignificantlyJowerthan thatoftheChineseSpring(P<0.01).showingthatthechro— mosome7AmayhavepositiveeffectsonthePnofwheat. ThisresultisconsistentwiththatreportedbyZhangetal andAustinetat.TheyfoundthatthegenomeAhasposi. tiveeffectsonthePn.ThePnandGsoftheN7Balsosignifi- cantlylowerthantheChineseSpring(P<0.01or0.O5). showingthatthechromosome7Bmavhavepositiveeffectson thephotosynthesisofwheat.Thisresultisconsistentwiththat reportedbVUef15J.Haoureta/foundthatdeletionofthe chromosome7Dincreasesthegasexchangerateofcarbon dioxidelZj.WefoundthatthePnandGsoftheN7Dwereob- viouslyhigherthanthatoftheChineseSpring,showingthat thechromosome7Dmayhavenegativeeffectsonthephoto— synthesisofwheat.PlanchonetalheldthatthegenomeDin- creasesmesophyllresistancetocarbondioxideprobably throughregulationfactorsandfinallymakesthegenomeD havenegativeeffectsonphotosynthesis…. The0PSllreflectselectrontransferbetweenPSIand PSll_ThedecreaseofFv/Fmisaremarkablecharacteristic ofphotoinhibitionandcanbeusedasastandardforphotoinhi- bition.TheETRofPSllreflectstheapparentphotosynthetic electrontransportefficiencyinactuallightintensity”-17].In thisstudy,theN7AandN7BhadsignificantlylowerFv/Fm. PSlIandETR(P<0.05)thantheChineseSpringdid. showingthatthechromosomes7Aand7Bmavhavepositive effectsonphotochemicalreactionofPSlI_TheIndexesofthe N7DwereslightlygreaterthanthatoftheChineseSpring. showingthatthechromosome7Dmayhavepositiveeffectsor noeffectonphotochemicaIreactionofPSll| 只eferences [1]AUSTINRB.Increasingthephotosyntheticcapacityofwheatbyin- corporatinggenesfr0mAgenornediploidspecies[C].Proceeding 0f7InternationalWheatGeneticsSymposium.Cambndge:IPSR CambridgeLab,1988:491. 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[方法]以山西农科院温室大棚中种植的小麦中国春及其7A,7B,7D染色体缺失植株NTA,N7B,N7D(美国堪萨斯州立大学B.S.Gill教授提 供)为材料,于灌浆初期进行相关指标测定,研究小麦7A,7B,7D染色体对小麦光合特性的影响.光合参数采用TPS一1便携式光合作用测定 系统的开放式气路进行测定,荧光参数采用由英国Hansatech科学仪器公司生产的FMS-2便携调制式荧光仪测定. [结果]N7A,NTB在灌浆初期的光合速率,气孔导度,原初光化学效率(),PSI的实际光化学效率(中PS?),Ps?的表观电子传递速率 (ETI)都明显低于中国春,且差异达思着水平(P<0.05),N7D的光合速率,气孔导度都明显高于普通小麦中国春,且差异达显着水平(P< 0.05),J/,PS?,ETR也高于中国春,但差异不显着. [结-~]7A,7B染色体对光合速率有正效应,与气孔导度和光化学反应(荧光参数)均有关系;7D染色体对光合速率具有负效应,而这种负效 应主要与气孔导度有关,与光化学反应(荧光参数)无关. 关键词染色体缺失;小麦;光合特性;荧光参数 基金项目山西省优秀青年学术带头人资助项目. 作者简介魏爱丽(1969一),女,山西太谷人,教授,从事逆境与光合生理和环境毒理研究.通讯作者. 收稿日期2009.1l一24修回日期2010-01-11