Na_2CO_3与盐酸反应题析

Na_2CO_3与盐酸反应题析 CHOH CH2OH CH2OH CH3CCH3 O H2SO4 HC H2COH O H2CO C CH3 CH3 CH3COCl OH- HC H2COOCCH3 O H2CO C CH3 CH3 H+ CHOH CH2OOCCH3 CH2OH ????:???????????????=?????????????? ?x???????-??????,???.???????????l???=;?= ?l?r??,?????B???1?????l?r???:???#?.???? ??????????. ????4:???????+???? C CH2Br HOCH2 CH2Br CH2OH,?????????????????? ??????,???????????????+???????l?r????: ???+???????.?????=98%???+???????????? ?6????,???(?????6?o?0??????????????,???& ?.?S???????????+???????????6??,???.?? 0.4~0.6MPa?????:?=???????????????????? ???S??,???l?r?????????&????,?L?r???????? ?????+?????V??????88%????,??????????. ???????l?r????(?????????????????????L?r ??): C CH2OH HOCH2 CH2OH CH2OH C CH2Br HOCH2 CH2Br CH2OH ????:???B???+?????.???????6??,???-?A ?>?????????6,?,?;??4?>,???????;???.HBr ?????r??????.??????: CHC3 O OCH2C CH2Br CH2Br CH2OC O CH3 CHC3 O OCH2C CH2OH CH2OH CH2OC O CH3 ?????C?????H?c???x??(225600) ?????C?????H?????????0??(225600) !?????. Na2CO3?.???????????? Na2CO3?.???????????????????????6?l ???x?????>???????????O??,?????????????? ?????????C?????C?????;?,,?????????????V?? ?n,???:?S????NaCO3?.?????????????????? ???????????? ???SLL??NO3?????r ????????1L125mol/L???????x;?S1L 125mol/L???????r????????1L100mol/L ??Na2CO3?????x,?A?m?????=?,?&?,???:?? ?L?0????????????() (A)1o?1(B)2o?1 ()3o?(D)5o? #5# ???S?6????(???x??) 11100mol/a2CC22 9 :n(Na2CO3)=1LoO100mol/L= 100mo,ln(HCl)=1LoO125mol/L=125mol (1)?SNa2CO3?????r?????????????x(?? ??????%,?:?,),????????,?????????-?? ?:???????????r: Na2CO3+2HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2& 100mol 1 > 125mol 2 ,??Na2CO3???? ?L?r??n(CO2)=125moloO1/2 =0625mol (2)?S?????r????????Na2CO3?????x(?? ??????o:,?:?,),Na2CO3????,?????S???? ??: ?c???????L????????: Na2CO3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaCl 100mol100mol ?????.?????x?V025molHCl?C100mol NaHCO3?C100molNaCl ?c???????L????????: NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2& 100mol025mol NaHCO3????,?????L?r??n(CO2)= 025mol ???+??????%??????o:???L??CO2 ???=??????????0625o?025=5o?2,?,?&?, ???:,?????????LCO2????????,?????????? (D) ??????????: (1)Na2CO3??????????(?6????????)?? ??,???????????????;?,,???L???????;?,, ????%?????%???????-?0?????L;?,???? o:???????S??????,?c?????????????:?;?? ?0??(?-?????=???????????O???????r?c???? ????,?:???-?9?????0?????L)?C?c?????????? ?-?n?????0?????L,???;?=?6??????????,???? ?????????????;?,,???L?????????H,?????S Na2CO3??????????(?6????????)???V???? ()?? (NO3) () (,??????????,?? ??%??????o:???L??CO2???????,;?? n(Na2CO3) n(HCl) > 1 2 ???????????;??,????%?? ?L??CO2??????????o:???L??CO2?????? ?( ??2???????-???C???A???o???4?????? ??????,???x??????????,???????????????? ??.?????????C???A?????????r?S???????=???? ????,?????????:: )????2500mL??????,?9???x?%???? ????????1500mL,???????????n?6???0?? 224mL oM????1500mL??????,?9???x?%???? ????????2500mL,???????????n?6???0?? 112mL ?+???0?????????????????4??????,?a?? ???+????????????????????: (1)?????+?????:???????????????????: ?B: (2)????,???????????=?????????? ,???????????=??????????(???n?6 ???=?????x???9???????????;??) (3)?SamL?????????.?????????????? ?-?2???????????B???l,???L???0???????? VmL(?4??????),?aV???????O???? ????:?????x??)??oM????,?????????; ??,?#?a?A?3???LCO2????????????)???L ??CO2??oM???L??CO2?(,?A??)???????? %,???,??????????????,????Na2CO3)?x ?????????????????:?B??: CO 2- 3+2H + =CO2&+H2O oM?x?????????????:?B??: CO 2- 3+H + =HCO - 3 HCO - 3+H + =H2O+CO2& )?????x???????;??,?a?%?? c(HCl)= n(HCl) V(????) = oOLoO -3 L#L -1 L# -1 5LoO 3 LL #6# ???S?6????(???x??) 2 na2C nHCl 1 2 2224m10m/224mol 200m10 - /m 0 =080mol/L ??Na2CO3???????=??????????xmol/L, ?a1500mL???????x?V n(Na2CO3)=1500mLoO10 -3 L/mLoO xmol/L =0015xmol oM???????L??CO2?????=?????? n(CO2)= 112mLoO10 -3 L/mL 224L#mol -1 =0005mol ???x?c??????0015xmol??Na2CO3 ??0015xmolHCl?????L?r0015xmol NaHCO3;?,?c?????x??NaHCO3?.???????? ??,?????????;??,???????M??HCl?.?L?rCO2 ?????=?????????a?-: 0015xmol+0005mol=2500moloO 10 -3 L#mL -1 oO080mol/L ????x=100 ??c(Na2CO3)=100mol/L amL???????x?Vn(HCl)=080mol/LoO amLoO10 -3 L/mL=800aoO10 -4 mo,lamL Na2CO3?????x?Vn(Na2CO3)=100mol/LoO amLoO10 -3 L/mL=aoO10 -3 mol???A?????? ?l??,?????????;??,?-????%???L??CO2 ?????(,?L?rV(CO2)=800aoO10 -4 moloO1/2 oO224L#mL -1 oO10 3 mL/L=896amL?- ????o:???L??CO2?????9,?0?%?A???????L ?c????????,???-CO2?L?r???-?2???????? ???B???l,?L?r??CO2???????O????:0(V( 896amL ??3?-?A??????????,?????????S?V?? ?????C???????????x??????,???????:????(?0 ???????????=?4???????:): )?S300mL???????r??????200mL???? ???x,?L?rCO2?0??224L oM?S350mL???????r??????200mL???? ???x,?L?rCO2?0??336L +?S400mL???????r??????200mL???? ???x,?L?rO?0??L ,?S300mL???????r??????200mL???? ???x,?L?rCO2?0??224L o8?S400mL???????r??????200mL???? ???x,?L?rCO2?0??224L ??????:(1)????????,?????? (2)????????,?????? ????:????????)?CoM?C+????,????+???? ?:?????=????)???????+??????100mL???? ??,?(???L??CO2?0???.)?x??300mL???? ???L?r??CO2?0??????,?????????-????o: ??????????,??????????????????%?a???? ????,???LCO2?????.??????Na2CO3?????r ????,????????????????,????Na2CO3???? ????)??+,?L?r??????CO2,???????????L ????o:???c????????NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl +H2O+CO2&?~????,??????????)?x?- 200mL?????????.200mLNa2CO3???????L?c ????????Na2CO3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaCl?,?? ?0???L?r,????,?????CNa2CO3?????????=???? ???????? ,?Co8????????????%,???????L?r 224LCO2,???.200mL????????????, Na2CO3???????????????B2HClCO2?? ?? c(HCl)= 2oO224L/224L#mol -1 200mLoO10 -3 L/mL =100mol/L Na2CO3?????????=???????????? 100mol/L ?(?????+?-?????S??????,?????>?????? ????????????????,?????????????????B?;?,?C ???????????:???;?,?C???n?A?????????????M ?B?????H????,???????????????????V???n,?, ?????????=?????x,?????????O?????P??, ???B???????:?x?(?????C?(???!,???B?????(?? ?B??????,?=?????x?4???????????????????? ?=?????????P?6,?????;???????S?????????? ???????????? ?????C?????c???x??(35) #6# ???S?6????(???x??) 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