句子成分分析

句子成分分析 清大教育 1对1个性化辅导 句子的种类和类型 一、句子按其用途可分为四个种类。 1)陈述句(declarative sentence)，用以陈述事实。如: She is Lucy.她是露西。 2)疑问句(interrogative sentence)，用以提出问题。如 You are a student, aren’t you ?你是一名学生，难道不是吗, What’s your name? 你叫什么名字, 3)祈使句(imperative sentence)用以示命令、请求等。如: Open the door. 开门 Close the window.关窗。 4)感叹句(exclamatory sentence)用以表示各种强烈的感情。 将感叹词how或what及它所修饰的词置于句首，即可构成感叹句。how后接形容词和副词，what后接名词，主 谓词序不倒装。如: How blue the sky is! 天空多蓝呀～ How clever he is! 他多聪明呀～ How quickly you walk! 你走得多快呀～ How well you look! 你的气色多好呀～ What delightful weather we are having! 这天气多好呀～ What a foolish mistake I have made! 我犯了一个多么愚蠢的错误呀～ how修饰动词时动词不提前。如:How she sings! 她唱得多好呀～ 在感叹句中，what a用来修饰单形可数名词，what则用来修饰复形可数名词和不可数名词。如: What a tall boy he is! 他是一个多高的男孩子啊～ What foolish mistakes you have made! 你犯了多么愚蠢的错误啊～ What cold water you have brought me! 你给我拿来的水多凉啊～ 二、句子按其结构可分为四种型式: 1)简单句(simple sentence)，由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。如: I’m a student.我是一名学生。 2)并列句(compound sentence)，由两个或两个以上的分句组成。如: My father is singing while my mother is dancing.我爸爸在唱歌，我妈妈在跳舞。 3)复合句(complex sentence)，由主句和其它从句组成。如: I have to go home before it gets dark. 我得赶在天黑前回家。 4)并列复合句(compound complex sentence)，即含有复合句的并列句。如: She said that she was ill, but she looked well.她说她病了，可实际上她没病。. 1 清大教育 1对1个性化辅导 句子成分分析 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，动名词、不定式、主语从句等充当。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing.(代词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) 2、谓语:说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 We study English. (及物动词) The train left. (不及物动词) He is asleep. (系动词) I can speak two different languages.(情态动词+及物动词) They may be in the classroom. (情态动词+系动词) He didn’t go to Jane’s birthday party yesterday.(助动词+不及物动词) 3、表语:它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不 定式，介词短语等充当。 He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式) 4、宾语:表示动作行为的对象，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动名词、动词不定式等。 1)(及物动词)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) 2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? 3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 2 清大教育 1对1个性化辅导 5、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词) We belong to the third world. (数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词) The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词短语) The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词) The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词) I have an idea to do it well. (不定式) 6、状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或 句子。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等，表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 I will go there tomorrow. 时间 The meeting will be held in the meeting room. 地点 The meat went bad because of the hot weather. 原因 He studies hard to learn English well. 目的 He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. 结果 I like some of you very much.. 程度 If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 条件 He goes to school by bike. 方式 Though he is young, he can do it well. 让步 7.宾补:对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。用作宾补的通常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分 词、过去分词。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式) His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式) Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词) 扩展: 主补:对主语的补充。用作宾补的通常是名词、现在分词等。 He was elected monitor. (名词) She was found singing in the next room. (现在分词) 8.同位语:当一个概念词在前，后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时，而且两者的语法功能相同，后者就是前者的同位语。 Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tennis player. 我们的英语老师——布莱克先生是个优秀的网球手。 Football, the only interest in life, has brought him many friends.足球----他唯一的爱好，让他结交了许多朋友。 Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。 That’s her habit, reading in bed.躺在床上看书是她的习惯。 3