【打印】鸡蛋哥阅读笔记

新托福阅读特点 ①所有题目都有标题 ②阅读文章明显加长，平均700词以上，20分钟每篇 Tips: 第一部分3篇阅读，听力可能遇到9个篇幅或者9个段落听力文章 第一部分5篇阅读，听力可能遇到6个篇幅或者6个段落听力文章 ③生词明显增多，每篇阅读中12-14题中有4-5题词汇题 ④题目大多是客观题，基本都可在原文中找到答案的对应点 ⑤出题的顺序和文章议论的顺序基本上是一致的，如第一题在1-3行；第二题在4-6行 ⑥明显增加了对和篇章的考察 ⑦增加了五种新题型：句子简化体；句子插入题；修辞目的性题目，某句话在整个段落中起什么作用，侧重考察对于整个文章框架理解，每次最多考1-2题；文章内容小结题，六选三或七选五，每套题中有1-2题；图题，选项填到表格中，考察对整个篇章的理解能力。 如何攻克新托福阅读 ①句子简化题Sentence Simplification（一般1-3题） 最经典的问法：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 做题步骤：阅读选项后阅读原文→拆分复杂句，把握句子特点，抓住主题词→用排除法删除干扰选项→找到最佳选项 提炼选项中的主题词 The Great Red Spot One distinctive feature of the planet Jupiter is the Great Red Spot, a massive oval of swirling reddish-brown clouds. Were Earth to be juxtaposed with the Great Red Spot, our planet would be dwarfed in comparison, with a diameter less than half that of the Great Red Spot. The Spot’s clouds, most likely tinted red as a result of the phosphorus that they contain, circulate in a counterclockwise direction. The outer winds require six Earth days to complete the circumference of the Great Red Spot, a length of time indicative of vastness of the Great Red Spot. 1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.提炼选项中的关键词或主题词 A. The density of the Great Red spot is much higher than that the Earth. B. If the diameter of the Great Red Spot were doubled, it would equal that of the Earth. C. By placing the Earth next to the Great Red Spot, one could see the Earth has a much smaller diameter. D. Because the Earth is close to the Great Red Spot, Earth is influenced by its huge size. 2. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. The Earth’s outer winds move a distance equal to the circumference of the Great Red Spot. B. The outer winds of the Great Red Spot move more quickly than do those on Earth. C. The Winds moving across the Great Red Spot finally change direction every six Earth days. D. The fact that the winds take so long to move around the Great Red Spot proves how big it is. Camouflage Camouflage is one of the most effective ways for animals to avoid attack in the treeless Arctic. However, the summer and winter landscapes there are so diverse that a single protective coloring scheme would, of course, prove ineffective in one season or the other. Thus, many of the inhabitants of the Arctic tundra change their camouflage twice a year. The arctic fox is a clear-cut example of this phenomenon; it sports a brownish-gray coat in the summer which then turns white as cold weather sets in, and the process reverses itself in the springtime. Its brownish-gray coat blends in with the barren tundra landscape in the months without snow, and the white coat naturally blends in with the landscape of the frozen wintertime tundra. 1. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. Opposite conditions in summer and in winter necessitate different protective coloration for Arctic animals. B. The coloration of the summer and winter landscapes in the Arctic fails to protect the Arctic tundra. C. In a single season, protective coloring scheme are ineffective in the treeless Arctic. D. For many animals, a single protective coloring scheme effectively protects them during summer and winter months. 2. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. The arctic fox is unusual in that he color of its coat changes for no reason. B. The arctic fox lives in an environment that is brownish gray in the summer and white in the winter.迷惑性很强的选项 C. It is a phenomenon that the coat of the arctic fox turns white in the springtime and gray in the fall. D. The arctic fox demonstrates that protective coloration can change during different seasons. Post-it Notes Post-it Notes were invented in the 1970s at the 3M company in Minnesota quite by accident, Researchers at 3M were working on developing different types of adhesives, and one particularly weak adhesive, a compound of acrylate copolymer microspheres（这就是ACM就行了）, was developed. Employees at 3M were asked if they could think of a use for a weak adhesive which, provided it did not get dirty, could be reused. One suggestion was that it could be applied to a piece of paper to use as a bookmark that would stay in place in a book. Another use was found when the product was attached to a report that was to be sent to a colleague with a request for comments on the report; the colleague made his comments on the paper attached to the report and returned the report. The idea for Post-it Notes was born. It was decided within the company that there would be a test launch of product in 1977 in four American cities. Sales of this innovative product in test cities were less than stellar, most likely because the product, while innovative, was also quite unfamiliar. A final attempt was then made in the city of Boise to introduce the product. In that attempt, 3M salesmen gave demonstrations of the product in offices throughout Boise and gave away free samples of the produce. When the salesmen returned a week later to the office workers, having noted how useful the simple little product could be, were interested in purchasing it. Over time, 3M came to understand the huge potential of this new product, and over the next few decades more than 400 varieties of Post-it products - in different colors, shapes, and sizes – have been developed. 3. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlighted sentence in the passage 1? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. Of the many adhesives that were being developed at 3M, one was not a particularly strong adhesive. B. Researchers at 3M spent many years trying to develop a really weak adhesive. C. Numerous weak adhesives resulted from a program to develop the strongest adhesive of all. D. Researchers were assigned to develop different types of uses for acrylate copolymer microspheres. 4. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage 1? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. The 3M company suggested applying for a patent on the product in a report prepared by a colleague.没涉及 B. One unexpectedly-discovered use for the adhesive was in sending and receiving notes attached to documents. C. A note was attached to a report asking for suggestion for uses of one of 3M’s products. D. A colleague who developed the new product kept notes with suggestions by other workers. 5. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlighted sentence in the passage 2? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. The 3M company was unfamiliar with the process of using test cities to introduce innovative products. B. Sales of the product soared even though the product was quite unfamiliar to most customers. C. The new product did not sell well because potential customers did not understand it. D. After selling the product for a while, the company understood that the product was not innovative enough. 6. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage 2? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. The company immediately understood the potential of the product and began to develop it further. B. The company worked overtime to develop its new product, initially creating numerous varieties to make it successful. C. The company initially introduced 400 varieties of the product and then watched for decades as sales improved. D. It took some time for the company to understand how important its new product was and how many variation were possible. ②排除列举题 题干中有not、except、less、least即可归为排除列举题 每次考试3-4题，每篇文章一道题。一定要先看选项。 做题方法：看题干，判断什么题→看选项（不先回原文）→看题干找关键词 三种考法 A: 单词列举题：一句话中几个单词，常常逗号相连， A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors. 1、All of the following are example of soluble ions EXCEPT (A) magnesium (B) iron (C) potassium (D) calcium The canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds a plethora of climbing mammals of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, and porcupines. Smaller species, including such rodents as mice and small squirrels, are not as prevalent overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally. 2、Which of the following animals is less common in the upper canopy than in other environments? (A) Monkeys (B) Cats (C) Porcupines (D) Mice Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published. 3、In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nineteenth-century "great women" EXCEPT (A) authors (B) reformers (C) activists for women's rights (D) politicians B、短语列举题：几个短语在一起 Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other being soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from the early Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the Line product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed. 1. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXPECT: (A) They are alkalis. 长选项提炼1、2个关键词 (B) They are made from sea plants. (C) They are used in making soap. (D) They are used in making glass. The region around Hopewell had everything needed for iron production: a wealth of iron ore near the surface, limestone for removing impurities from the iron, hardwood forests to supply the charcoal used for fuel, rushing water to power the bellows that pumped blasts of air into the furnace fires, and workers to supply the labor. By the 1830's, Hopewell had developed a reputation for producing high quality cast-iron stoves, for which there was a steady market. 2、Pennsylvania was an ideal location for the Hopewell ironworks for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (A) Many workers were available in the area (B) The center of operations of the army was nearby (C) The metal ore was easy to acquire (D) There was an abundance of wood Under the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there are deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may make clay easily accessible. 3、It can be inferred from the passage that clay is LEAST likely to be plentiful in which of the following areas? (A) in desert sand dunes (B) in forests 有山有水还能是有沙漠么？infer (C) on hillsides (D) near rivers C、句子列举题 The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs were piled up and burned in the open, and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and water was poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash. 1、According to paragraph 4, all of following were needed for making potash EXCEPT (A) wood (B) fire (C) sand (D) water All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 line after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. 2、The author compares the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 to all of the following EXCEPT (A) a dismembered body (B) a train (C) a pearl necklace (D) a giant planet By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax or wool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning and weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during this period, and at the same time the demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. 3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCEPT (A) cotton's softness (B) cotton's ease of processing (C) a shortage of flax and wool (D) the growth that occurred in the textile industry. Members of the flatfish family, sand dabs and flounders, have an evolutionary advantage over many colorfully decorated ocean neighbors in that they are able to adapt their body coloration to different environments. These aquatic chameleons have flattened bodies that are well-suited to life along the ocean floor in the shallower areas of the continental shelf that they inhabit. They also have remarkably sensitive color vision that registers the subtlest gradations on the sea bottom and in the sea life around them. Information about the coloration of the environment is carried through the nervous system to chromatophores, which are pigment-carrying skin cells. These chromatophores are able to accurately reproduce not only the colors but also the texture of the ocean floor. Each time that a sand dab or flounder finds itself in a new environment, the pattern on the body of the fish adapts to fit in with the color and texture around it. 4、It is NOT stated in the passage that sand dabs A are a type of flatfish B are in the same family as flounders C have evolved D are colorfully decorated 5、According to the passages, it is NOT true that sand dabs and flounders A have flattened bodies B live along the ocean floor C live in the deepest part of the ocean D live along the continental shelf 6、All of the following are stated about the vision of sand dabs and flounders EXCEPT that they are A overly sensitive to light B able to see colors C able to see the sea bottom D aware of their surroundings 7、It is NOT true that chromatophores A are skin cells B carry pigment C adapt to surrounding colors D change the ocean floor 8、It is NOT mentioned in the passage that sand dabs and flounders A move to new environments B adapt their behavior C can change color D adapt to textures around them Wrigley's Chewing Gum Wrigley's chewing gum was actually developed as a premium to be given away with other products rather than as a primary product for sale. As a teenager, William Wrigley Jr. was working for his father in Chicago selling soap that had been manufactured in his cents, and this selling price did not leave a good profit margin for the merchants. Wrigley convinced his father to raise the price to ten cents and to give away cheap umbrellas as a premium for the merchants. This worked successfully, confirming to Wrigley that the use of premiums was an effective sales tool. Wrigley then established his own company; in his company he was selling soap as a wholesaler, giving baking soda away as a premium, and using a cookbook to promote each deal. Over time, the baking soda and cookbook became more popular than the soap, so Wrigley began a new operation selling baking soda. He began hunting for a new premium item to give away with sales of baking soda; he soon decided on chewing gum. Once again, when Wrigley realized that demand for the premium was stronger than the demand for the original product, he created the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company to produce and sell chewing gum. Wrigley started out with two brands of gum, Vassar and Lotta Gum, and soon introduced Juicy Fruit and Spearment. The latter two brands grew in popularity, while the first two were phased out. Juicy Fruit and Spearment are two of Wrigley's main brands to this day. 9、It is NOT indicated in paragraph 1 that young William was working A in Chicago B for his father C as a soap salesman D in his father's factory 10、According to paragraph 1, it is NOT true that the soap that young Wrigley was selling A was originally well-liked B was originally priced at five cents C originally provided little profit for merchants D eventually became more popular with merchants 11、According to paragraph 2, it is NOT true that, when Wrigley first founded his own company, he was A selling soap B selling chewing gum C giving away cookbooks D using baking soda as a premium 12、It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 that Wrigley later A sold baking soda B used chewing gun as a premium to sell baking soda C sold chewing gum D used baking soda as a premium to sell chewing gum 13、According to paragraph 3, the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company did all of the following EXCEPT A begin with two brands of gum B add new brands to the original two C phase out the last two brands D phase out the first two brands 别选D啊，D是提及的，问的是哪个没提及 ③句子插入题 基本每篇一题，不会超过两题，偶尔有篇文章会没有 经典问法：Look at the four squares［■］that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the first paragraph of the passage. 做题步骤： ①看题干、判断题型→ ②看题目中给的话，找关键字和要点、找关联词和路标词、看句子逻辑关系 ③回到原文，阅读可插入方块前后的信息，寻找与插入句相关的意思 ④选择与插入句最相关的方块 Popcorn 1 1A One method （非常重要的关联点，读其他答案，如果没这个合适就是这个答案了）of popping corn involved skewering an ear of corn on a stick and roasting it until the kernels popped off the ear. 1B Corn was also popped by first cutting the kernels off the cob, throwing them into a fire, and gathering them as they popped out of the fire. 1C In a final method for popping corn, sand and unpopped kernels of corn were mixed together in a cooking pot and heated until the corn popped to the surface of the sand in the pot. 1D 2 2A This traditional Native American dish was quite a novelty to newcomers to the Americas. 2B Columbus and his sailors found natives in the West Indies wearing popcorn necklaces, and explorer Hernando Cortés described the use of popcorn amulets in the religious ceremonies of the Aztecs. 2C According to legendary descriptions of the celebratory meal, Quadequina, the b