四级准备

Preparation for Degree Qualification Examination I. Writing Topic: Computer and Man A Describing the situation: With the rapid development of computerization, some unpredictable changes have, consciously or unconsciously, taken place in our daily life. B. Writing paragraphs: topic sentence + 2 or 3 supportive sentences + concluding statement. As is known to all, computerization does bring a lot of benefits to us. First………………….. Besides………………And………. In fact, one can not work efficiently or live a high quality life without a computer. C. Transition: However, everything has its two sides. …………… D. Conclusion: We can easily reach the conclusion that…….. GUIDING POITS Paragraph Development: 1. Listing: (Sample) There are many effective ways to release your tension. First…………Second……….And 2. Exemplification:( Sample) Many different majors can suit the students’ needs. For example, if you want to become an engineer if the future, you can choose………..as your major, which…………. 3. Narration: (Sample)Standing at the rear of the boat, I felt a terrible shock hitting the body of the boat. Almost at the same moment, I saw a black tail of something rising out of the water. Believe or not, an ear-deafening roar could be heard ………. 4. Comparison and Contrast（Some samples will be given in the lecture） 5. Cause and Effect: ( Tito ) 6. Definition: (Tito) Common Errors: To avoid making some common errors in writing, Accurate, Brief and Correct writing should be emphasized. Samples will be given in the lecture. Task One 近年来，人们的度假方式出现了许多新的变化；In recent years, with the rapid enhancement of people’s living standard, there are more and more new ways, which…………. for them to choose when they are planning to have vacation. 这些变化主要有。。。。。The new ways include hitch-hiking, camping, drive-and-travel and………….. etc., 产生的原因。。。。。。The causes of these changes are as follows: Task Two 我认为在见工面试中最重要的是。。。。。。。。。 我这样认为的理由是。。。。。。。。。 我的结论 Task Three 见报找失物----护照。 你捡到这护照。 写信通知失主。。。。。。。。。。。 Task Four 有人认为电邮可以代替书信 有人认为不可以 我的看法 Task Five 本周三晚上6：30在第三教学楼301室，学生会邀请来自美国的Smith 教授作有关中美关系的讲座 讲座的自要内容和意义 欢迎大家参加 II. Reading Comprehension( skimming and scanning) For skimming, your purpose is to get the general idea of the passage and, sometimes, the general ideas of certain paragraphs. Double your reading speed. Get 60% of the accuracy. Focus on the first, last or the middle sentence. Most of the time, try to ignore (on purpose) some parts of the reading materials in order to increase the reading speed. Lower your accuracy expectancy. For scanning, your purpose is to get the detailed information you need. You should have a question in your mind and get the answer from the passage by using the skill of scanning. 4 Guiding points in doing this part of the paper are as follows: 1. Read the title and the subtitle 2. Guess the meaning of the unknown word through the context. 3. Reading and understanding should go hand-in-hand. While you are reading the passage, do the testing items simultaneously. And try to focus on the spot where the information you need is located. 4. When the time is up, stop immediately III. Listening A． Short Conversation The testing items can be classified into 1. Location Catch the key words of Bank Post office Restaurant Store Hospital School Garage Library Hotel Stadium 2. Occupation Try to catch the key words of Plumber Policeman Electrician Taxi driver Air hostess 3. Calculation Read the choices. Predict the possible calculation. Make a careful note. Do the calculation. 4. Attitude Do the pre-reading. Find out the differences among the 4 words given( in most of the cases, adjectives.) While you are listening to the tape. detect the change of the tone(rising=against; falling=for) Sometimes the second speaker may repeat some of the first speaker’s words, giving you a chance to make your judgment. 5., Cause & Effect Sometimes the speaker does not state the cause directly because of courtesy. He or she may agree first then expresses the cause of disagreement indirectly. To understand the implication, we have to sense both the language environment and the notion. 6. Suggestion Catch what the second speaker says e.g. You shouldn’t/ You ought to/ Why not?/ Why don’t you?/ If I were you, I would/ How about doing sth?/It’s about/high time we went to see the movie. 7. What have been done. Understanding the set-phrases is decisive in doing this kind of questions. B. Long Conversation 1. Testing general idea or situational description(What is the conversation mainly about?) 2. Testing detailed information( Wh-questions) 3. Testing judgment(What does……..think about?) Two steps can be used in doing the questions in this section. 1. Pre-read the choices……..Have a brief analysis of all the choices…..predict the topic and contents you are going to hear. 2. While listening, pay attention to the choices and mark down the necessary information you need (simultaneously)….Tick your choice. C. Short Passage Short passages have their structures which are similar to those you have learnt in the writing section.(Check the information mentioned above) The topic sentence is located either in the first sentence or in the last two sentences. In the supportive sentences, there should be some logical sequences where some linking words or transitional words exist.(and….as well/both/nor/because/however/the more…the more/even though/ etc). Some ordeal numbers; superlative adj，etc. can give you some useful hints. In the conclusion, you can not only confirm the topic one more time but get the speaker’s attitude or suggestion as well. D Compound Dictation a. The result of CD depends on how long and how hard you have practiced this kind of listening materials. There are still some hints in helping you dictate the sentences. 1. Repeat the whole sentence during the first-time listening 2. Repeat the whole sentence again while organizing and writing down the sentence. 3. Check what you have written. When, unfortunately, it is beyond you to do so, remember to mark down the KEY WORDS and rewrite the sentence in your own way. b. While doing the one-spot-one-word dictation, do not forget the sentence in which the fill-in word lies. IV. Reading in Depth Section A Four Steps are suggested in doing Section A 1. Read the first sentence and the last two sentences to get the general idea. Then, skim the rest of the passage. 2. Decide the part of speech of the required fill-in word. 3. Pay special attention to the grammar and verbal requirement. 4. See whether the sentence is readable or not. If not, rearrangement should be made. Five Reminders are given: 1.If it is a verb, tense and agreement can help. 2.Reference should be at the back. 3.When a pair of antonyms or a pair of synonyms exist, subtle difference between them should be noticed. 4.Logical sequence like cause/effect, comparison/contrast, forward addition, agreement etc can help. 5.It can be done in a random order. Section B Six Do’s 1. In each of the 3 passages, you have to get the general idea of the passage( location) and that of each paragraph(location). 2. Know the relationship among paragraphs. Topic ------Development------Conclusion 3. Know the relationship among sentences. Logical sequences 4. know the sentence patterns, set phrases, expressions and collocation. 5. Enlarge the vocab stock. 6. know the background information the reading passage. Four Don’ts 1. Do not recite the vocab stock list. 2. Do not neglect the reading speed and pace. 3. Do not over-concentrate on the accuracy expectancy. Instead, summarizing the ending result and finding out your short-comings is more preferable. 4. Do not forget” Rome is not built up in one day.” ( Reading in various materials, Being patient and Keeping on daily reading) V. Cloze Test Four suggested steps: 1. Read the whole passage, if not, at least the first half to know what it is about. 2. Do the easier ones first. The more you have done right, the less difficult the hard-nut ones will be. 3. In dealing with the extremely difficult choices, use trial-error method and make special marks beside them for further re-arrangement. 4. Check whether the filled-in passage is readable or not. If not, make an over-all re-arrangement. Five reminders are given: 1. prepositional phrases 2. synonyms and antonyms 3. exact meaning of each choice 4. tense, mood, voice, non-verbals, inversion and clauses. 5. repetition VI Translation Task 1 1. 如果他们工作不努力的话_______________________________________, they wouldn’t have achieved so much.( ​​​​​​​​​​​ 2 He has to choose either he should leave without saying good-bye to anybody​​​​​​​​​​​要么在那里等更长的时间___________________________ 3. The way of teaching in this school is still very traditional,老师讲课，学生作笔记______________________ 4. Nuclear weapons should be developed to benefit the people_而不是伤害他们__________________________ 5.On such a night,小女孩不至于连不该单独外出都不知道_________________________________ Task 2 1. My brother often tells us stories,_其中一些故事切实令人难以相信__________________________________ 2. Once you understood this question,他也就理解了那个问题________________________________ 3. 这突然使我想起__________________________________that I have met him somewhere long time ago. 4. The students put forward the demand that 八点半上课而不是八点_______________________________ 5. My proposal was that_我们向左转，然后跟着主车道开________________________________________ Task 3 1. 不管下雨与否_______________,we shall go on the football games. 2. I enjoy working late into night,而他喜欢在黎明时工作___________________________ 3. The more I learned,_我变得越不满足_______________________________ 4. 就我而言_____________________________, he is not much interested in sports. 5. We put the dangerous box​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ 放到孩子们够不到的地方__________________for fea4r that they might touch it. Task 4 1． Of the two students 这个要聪明得多________________________________ 2． 除了煮饭，洗衣服外_____________________________, she had to take care of her little sister. 3． I prefer to call off the meeting_由于老板不在______________________ 4． All the people at the party were worried about Janet因为没有人知道她在那里_______________________ 5． We did not know his telephone number;_要不我们就给他打电话了___________________________ Task 5 1. Having no money but not wanting anyone to know, he simply said他可以不用吃饭_______________________________ 2. It is important that a university student至少学会一门外语__________________________ 3. The ship sank before the waves,再也看不见了 _____________________________ 4. She had scarcely ever talked to a police,_更不用说和一个警察出外了_______________________________ 5. She learns English and French,但后者对她来说似乎更难___________________________________________ Task 6 1. I am so poor that_仅有不到一美元_____________________ 2. My feelings at that moment 简直无法用语言来达_________________________________ 3. Your suggestion is at least as good as​​​​​​​​​​_甚至比他的还要好________________________________ 4. 第一个问题回答后_______________________________________, he heaved a sigh of relief. 5. _考虑到他不同意那么干___________________________, we shall do it on our own. Task 7 1. He insisted that he 同那个案子没有关系__________________________________ 2. She left the room_没有多说什么_______________________________________ 3. Charles Lamb spent years 照顾他生病的妹妹_______________________________________ 4. They 正在为客人们送行______________________________________ when we got there. 5. The train pulled out of the station as scheduled 尽管天在下大雨