新加坡英语

nullnullnullOverview and history Grammar Vocabulary Overview and historyOverview and historySingapore English refers to varieties of English spoken in Singapore.There are two main forms of English spoken in Singapore： Standard Singapore English (SSE) Singapore Colloquial English, or Singlish. nullSinglish originated with the arrival of the British and the establishment of English language schools in Singapore. Soon, English filtered out of schools and onto the streets, to be picked up by non-English-speakers in a pidgin（洋泾浜语）-like form for communication purposes. After some time, this new form of English, now loaded with substantial influences from Indian English, Malay, and the southern varieties of Chinese, became the language of the streets and began to be learned as a first language in its own right. Creolization（克里奥尔化，即欧洲语与殖民地语的混合化）） occurred, and Singlish is now a fully formed, stabilized, and independent English-based creole language.GrammarGrammarThe grammar of Singlish has been heavily influenced by other languages and dialects in the region, such as Malay and Chinese, with some structures being identical to ones in Mandarin and other Chinese languages. As a result, Singlish has acquired some unique features, especially at the basilectal（语言学的） level. nullTopic prominence Singlish is topic-prominent, like Chinese and Japanese. This means that Singlish sentences often begin with a topic (or a known reference of the conversation), followed by a comment (or new information). Compared to other varieties of English, the semantic（语义学的） relationship between topic and comment is not important; moreover, nouns, verbs, adverbs,and even entire subject-verb-object phrase can all serve as the topic. null This country weather very hot one.— 这个国家天气很热。（话题语为地点） In this country, the weather is very hot.— 在这个国家，天气很热。（加介词） Yesterday got so many people! — 昨天人真多！（话题语为时间） Yesterday, there were many people! — 昨天，人真多！（加停顿） Play soccer he very good.— 踢足球他拿手。（话题语为范围） As for playing soccer, he‘s very good.— 在踢足球方面，他拿手。（为现在分词，并加介词） That person there cannot trust.— 那边那个人信不过。（话题语为宾语 ) That person there cannot be trusted.— 那边那个人不能被信过。（宾语做主语，需使用被动语态） Vocabulary Vocabulary Singlish formally takes after British English (in terms of spelling and abbreviations), although naming conventions are in a mix of American and British ones (with American ones on the rise). Singlish also uses many words borrowed from Hokkien（福建话）, and from Malay. In many cases, English words take on the meaning of their Chinese counterparts, resulting in a shift in meaning. null. COE (Certificate of Entitlement) - 拥车证（私人拥有汽车时必须取得该证件，价格昂贵） coffe shop - 咖啡店（即排挡式餐饮铺或熟食中心。因早期多以卖咖啡为主，故有别于一般的“咖啡厅”或“Café”） CPF (Central Provident Fund) - 中央公积金 FIN (Foreigner's Identification Number) - 外国人身份识别号（用于长期签证） food court / hawker centre - 小贩中心（自助式服务的熟食中心） ISA (Internal Security Act) - 内部安全条例 MinDef (Ministry of Defence) - 国防部 NDP (National Day Parade) - 国庆日检阅礼 NRIC (National Registration Identity Card) - 国民登记身份证 NS (National Service) - 国民服役（义务兵役） PAP (People's Action Party) - 人民行动党 SAF (Singapore Armed Forces) - 新加坡武装部队 nullnullcock - 胡说八道 "Don't talk cock, lah!"（“别胡说八道啦！”） keep - （把东西）收起来 "Please keep your notes"（“请把你的笔记收起来。”） send - 把人送到一个地方 "I'll send you to the airport." （“我会送你到机场。”） spoil - 弄坏（动词）或是已经坏掉的（名词或形容词） "This one, spoil."（“这个已经坏了。”） stay - 住在某处 "She's staying in Ang Mo Kio."（“她住在宏茂桥。”） upgrade - 提高、变得更好 "The service has been upgraded."（“服务提高了。”） 其他常见的用语： ice water - 冰水（加了冰块的水） plain water - 开水（没有冰的水） return back - 归还 null