_生活中常见的盐教案

_生活中常见的盐 盐只包括食盐吗, ——生活中常见的盐 [教学目标] 知识与技能 1(了解并认识几种生活中常见的盐，知道一些盐的性质和用途。 2(学会过滤、蒸发等操作技能并能够综合运用相关操作来分离、提纯固体混合物的操作方法。 3(通过复分解反应发生条件的探究，认识复分解反应及复分解反应发生的条件。 4、掌握碳酸根离子的检验方法。 过程与方法 课前安排学生调查并了解一些常见的盐的用途，使学生学会获取信息，认识化学在生活中的具体应用，并采用引导探究的方法学习粗盐的提纯，复分解反应的有关实验，使学生形成基本的实验技能，并能够和完成一些简单的化学实验，引导学生在认识、理解化学同时，体会物质变化的规律，使学生认识到利用化学变化知识可以帮助发展生产、改善生活、促进社会可持续发展。 [教学重难点] 教学重点: 常见的盐与生活生产的联系、分离提纯物质的基本技能、复分解反 应。 教学难点: 复分解反应及发生的条件 [教学准备] 根据内容提前搜集相关图片、多媒体(见教学过程) [教学过程] 教 学 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图 流 程 创 从生活常识出 发，为下面的知 <设问引入> 设 识学习埋下伏 同学们我们父母或自己在烧菜 笔，同时把学生of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 情 过程中应加那些调味品, 抢答 的学习热情调动 起来。 <解答小结> 交流生活经验 景 最主要的是加一些盐，厨房中 的盐通常指食盐(主要成分是 NaCl)。 〈介绍导入〉 同学们，我们化学中的盐是指对学过的相关通过介绍中毒事 组成里含有金属离子和酸根离知识进行回件加强安全意 子的一类化合物，不仅仅指食忆，掌握新增识，食品卫生意知 盐，而且有些盐是有毒的，如内容 识， 我国曾发生过多起因误将工业 识 用盐亚硝酸钠(NaNO)当作食2 盐用于烹调而引起的中毒事 拓 件。 生活中常见的盐有碳酸钠展 (NaCO，俗称纯碱、苏打)、23 碳酸氢钠(NaHCO，俗称小苏3 打)、高锰酸钾(KMnO)和大理4 石(主要成分为CaCO)等。 3 阅 培养学生的阅读〈指导阅读〉 能力，让学生把阅读教材 这节课我们一起来学习常见的读 这部分知识与生 盐，请大家阅读教材P70—71 活、人体健康联 有关氯化钠的知识。 教 系起来。 观看图片 (多媒体)有关食盐的图片，讨论交流 材 思考下列问题: 回答问题 (多媒体) 尝试归纳 ? 通过阅读教材，你对氯化钠 有了哪些进一步了解, ?你所知道的氯化钠的组成如 ripheral green space and protection of historicald has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peformefficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation e ict ofn type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built distr" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotatiocenter-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-on a longng an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiaspace layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new visi-Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of beadof vision Yibin formation in the 2 何, 教 学 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图 流 程 每天对氯化钠的摄入量大约是(同上) (同上) 多少,为什么,能否过多地食 用食盐,氯化钠有那些重要的 用途,它在自然界的分布情况 怎样, (多媒体) 比较自己的归学生的归纳往往 纳和投影上放缺乏条理性，所归 1(氯化钠的组成 出的归纳有何以教师的归纳是纳 2(氯化钠的用途 异同 有必要的 知 3(氯化钠的分布 识 (归纳、总结要根据新教材的 特点，符合学生的认知规律， 不一定要形成完整的概念。) 承 (过渡) 提出各种方让学生根据生活上 法，讨论找出经验提出设想，粗盐中含有较多的可溶性杂质 启 最合理的 讨论交流得出最和不溶性杂质(如泥沙等)，可 下 适合课堂地方法 以通过什么方法除去泥沙等不 溶性的杂质呢, 实 〈引导讨论〉 以小组为单位充分开发教材资 进行猜想、讨源，让学生放开验 ?粗盐初步提纯需要那些步 论、交流，并手脚，大胆动手骤, 探 统一思想，进实验，并发现问 ?过滤器的准备需要那些仪行操作。 题组内或小组间究 器,滤纸如何使用,过滤操作讨论解决，增强发现问题 时应注意那些问题, 同学间的科学合 作意识，发挥每 pacityenvironment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service caith to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city stry w, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and indubin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of modecenter" strategic vision of space frame. Yi-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long on to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan,space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new visi-ion band of beadof vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispers3historical of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of 亲 ?整个操作过程中玻璃棒的作进一步讨论 个同学的聪明才 用有那些, 智。 身 解决问题 (实践) 体 交流各小组实 溶解?过滤?蒸发?计算产率 验结果，分析验 出现误差的原设计并完成探究报告。 因 (多媒体)播放正确操作 教 学 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图 流 程 教师适当的引导:(作参考) 消 1(过滤后的液体仍浑浊的原 因: 除 ? 操作过程中液面可能高出滤疑 纸的边缘 虑 ? 滤纸被玻璃棒捅破 2(产率偏低的原因: ? 溶解时未充分搅拌。 ? 蒸发时液体可能被溅出。 ?转移时固体可能洒落等。 教 学 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图 流 程 4ripheral green space and protection of historicald has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peformefficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation e ict ofn type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built distr" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotatiocenter-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-on a longng an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiaspace layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new visi-Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of beadof vision Yibin formation in the 观看图片 让学生感受外界 的繁华，想置身 〈多媒体〉天安门前的华表、思考讨论 于其中或成为一人民大会堂的柱子、豪华酒店 得出结论 名建筑设计师的的地面等。 话必须学好文化创 〈提问〉 学科。 设 同学们看了这么多的图片，知 情 道它们是用什么做成的 吗,(大理石) 境 〈介绍〉 1(石灰石、大理石的主要成分听介绍，理解 通过介绍碳酸盐引 是碳酸钙，谈们都是重要的建的部分用途，消可提出疑问 出 筑材料，碳酸钙还可用作补钙除学生看过图片 剂，如钙尔奇片的成分就是碳后积虑在心头的内 酸钙。 疑问 容 2(碳酸钠俗称纯碱，广泛用于 玻璃、造纸、洗涤剂等的生产。 碳酸氢钠俗称小苏打，蒸馒头 时可用它作发酵粉，医疗上可 用于治疗胃酸过多，但不能治 疗胃溃疡(易引起胃穿孔)。 教 学 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图 流 程 回 〈提问〉 回忆二氧化碳使学生温顾而知 的制法，写出新，通过实物实忆 1(我们已经学过二氧化碳的实 化学方程式 验的演示，让学验室制法，请同学们想一想制知 生印象深刻。 取二氧化碳的原料是什么,反 识 应的原理是什么, pacityenvironment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service caith to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city stry w, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and indubin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of modecenter" strategic vision of space frame. Yi-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long on to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan,space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new visi-ion band of beadof vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispers5historical of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of 演示:盐酸腐蚀含碳酸钙的建 材 2(碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠能否也发 生类似的反应呢, 两位同学上讲台演示: 仔细观看实培养观察能力和 验，寻找不同分析推断能力， 按照[实验11-1]的实验要求，之处，分析原训练有关方程式装置按图11-7。两位同学同时对 因，写出方程的书写。 演示。 式，完成。 比 演示[实验11-2]: 观察实验现实 象，写出反应 验 方程式 寻 〈设问〉上面列出这些反应跟找出各反应的通过比较的方法 我们前面所学的化合反应、分不同点 得出的结论学生找 解反应、置换反应有那些不同记忆起来更深刻 寻找几个方程规 点,再比较这节课中所出现的式共同点，尝 几个方程式，具有那些共同特律 试归纳 征, 归上述这些反应，它们都是由两理解记忆 帮助学生形成概纳 种化合物相互交换成分，生成念。 另两种化合物的反应，这样的概 反应叫做复分解反应。 念 提 〈讨论〉1(酸和碱作用生成盐 通过举例分析， 和水的反应是否也属于复分解加深对复分解反出 讨论交流 反应,为什么, 应的理解，并引问 举例回答 出复分解反应发2(分析上述几个复分解反应的 生的条件。 题 生成物有什么特点, 教教师活动 学生活动 设计意图 学 ripheral green space and protection of historicald has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peformefficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation e ict ofn type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built distr" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotatiocenter-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-on a longng an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiaspace layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new visi-Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of beadof vision Yibin formation in the 6 流 程 〈讲解〉 对复分解反应发 生的条件进行归归 酸碱盐之间并不是都能发生复 纳，同时引起学分解反应的。只有当两种化合纳 听教师讲解 生继续学习化学物互相交换成分时，生成物中 的兴趣。 总 有气体或有沉淀或有水生成 时，复分解反应才可以发生。结 当然，复分解反应的条件在这 节课上是不完善的，随着以后 的学习，我们会了解的更多。 1(课堂练习:教材习题1、2、思考并回答问让学生在练习中 3。 题，通过交流，巩固知识，学会巩 掌握方法。 整理知识的方固2(课堂小结:本节课你知道了 法。 知那些知识,学会了什么, 识 阅指导学生阅读课本P74-75 相关课外阅读 增加课外知识，读 内容 进一步加深化学 与生活的认识。 资 料 [板书设计] 盐只包括食盐吗, ——生活中常见的盐 生活中常见的盐有食盐、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、高锰酸钾和大理石等。 盐的定义: 一、氯化钠 1. 氯化钠的组成 2(氯化钠的用途 3(氯化钠 environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service caith to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city stry w, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and indubin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of modecenter" strategic vision of space frame. Yi-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long on to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan,space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new visi-ion band of beadof vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispers7historical of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of pacity 二、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠和碳酸钙 1、用途 2、与酸溶液、碱溶液反应 3、复分解反应: 4、复分解反应发生的条件 8ripheral green space and protection of historicald has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peformefficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation e ict ofn type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built distr" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotatiocenter-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-on a longng an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiaspace layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new visi-Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of beadof vision Yibin formation in the