物理公式大全_包含了大学物理所有的公式

物理公式大全_包含了大学物理所有的公式 guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation 包含了大学物理所有的公式 2gx 1.22轨迹方程y=xtga— 222vcosa0第一章 质点运动学和牛顿运动定律 ?r21.1平均速度 = vv1.23向心加速度 a= ?tR ?rdr1.2 瞬时速度 v== 1.24圆周运动加速度等于切向加速度与法向加速度矢量lim?tdt?t,0和a=a+atn 22?ra，a1.25 加速度数值 a= dstn1. 3速度v=,, limlim?tdt?t,0?t,01.26 法向加速度和匀速圆周运动的向心加速度相同 ?v21.6 平均加速度= ava= ?tnR ?vdv1.7瞬时加速度(加速度)a== dvlim1.27切向加速度只改变速度的大小a= t?tdt?t,0dt dsdΦ21.28 v,,R,Rω drdv1.8瞬时加速度a== dtdt2dtdtdφ1.29角速度 ω, 1.11匀速直线运动质点坐标x=x+vt 0dt 1.12变速运动速度 v=v+at 02dωdφα,,1.30角加速度 2dtdt121.13变速运动质点坐标x=x+vt+at 0021.31角加速度a与线加速度a、a间的关系 nt221.14速度随坐标变化公式:v-v=2a(x-x) 0022v(Rω)dvdω21.15自由落体运动 1.16竖直上抛运动 ,R,Rαa=,,Rω a= ntdtdtRR v,gt,v,v,gt,0 ,,11,22y,at y,vt,gt ,,0牛顿第一定律:任何物体都保持静止或匀速直线运动22,,222状态，除非它受到作用力而被迫改变这种状态。 v,2gy,v,v,2gy,0, 牛顿第二定律:物体受到外力作用时，所获得的加速 度a的大小与外力F的大小成正比，与物体的质量m成反v,vcosa,x01.17 抛体运动速度分量 ,比;加速度的方向与外力的方向相同。 sinv,va,gty0, F=ma 牛顿第三定律:若物体A以力F作用与物体B，则同1x,vcosa,t,0,时物体B必以力F作用与物体A;这两个力的大小相等、211.18 抛体运动距离分量 ,2y,vsina,t,gt0方向相反，而且沿同一直线。 ,2, 万有引力定律:自然界任何两质点间存在着相互吸2引力，其大小与两质点质量的乘积成正比，与两质点间的vsin2a01.19射程 X= 距离的二次方成反比;引力的方向沿两质点的连线 g mm1221.39 F=G G为万有引力称量=6.67×vsin2a20r1.20射高Y= 2g-1122,10Nm/kg 21.40 重力 P=mg (g重力加速度) gx1.21飞行时间y=xtga— Mmg1.41 重力 P=G 2rguide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation M2.21 F对参考点的力矩 M,Fd,Frsin,(物体的重力加速度与1.42有上两式重力加速度g=G2r 物体本身的质量无关，而紧随它到地心的距离而变) 2.22 力矩 M,r,F dL2.24 作用在质点上的合外力矩等于质点角动M,1.43胡克定律 F=—kx (k是比例常数，称为弹簧的劲度dt 系数) 量的时间变化率 1.44 最大静摩擦力 fμN (μ静摩擦系数) 最大=00dL,,,02.26 如果对于某一固定参考点，质点(系),dt1.45滑动摩擦系数 f=μN (μ滑动摩擦系数略小于μ) ,0L,常矢量,第二章 守恒定律 所受的外力矩的矢量和为零，则此质点对于该参考点的角2.1动量P=mv 动量保持不变。质点系的角动量守恒定律 d(mv)dP,2.2牛顿第二定律F= 22.28 刚体对给定转轴的转动惯量 I,,mrdtdt,iii2.3 动量定理的微分形式 Fdt=mdv=d(mv) M,I,2.29 (刚体的合外力矩)刚体在外力矩M的dvF=ma=m 作用下所获得的角加速度a与外合力矩的大小成正比，并dt 于转动惯量I成反比;这就是刚体的定轴转动定律。 tv222.4 ,,mv,mv Fdtd(mv)2122,,tv11I,rdm,r,dv2.30 转动惯量 (dv为相应质元,,mvt22.5 冲量 I= Fdtdm的体积元，p为体积元dv处的密度) ,t1 L,I,2.31 角动量 2.6 动量定理 I=P,P 21dLt2M,Ia,2.32 物体所受对某给定轴的合外力矩等2.7 平均冲力与冲量 I= =(t-t) FFFdt21,dtt1 于物体对该轴的角动量的变化量 t2Fdt,Mdt,dL2.33 冲量距 mv,mvIt2112.9 平均冲力,,, FtLt,tt,tt,t2121212.34 Mdt,dL,L,L,I,,I,00,,0tL02.12 质点系的动量定理 (F+F)?t=(mv+mv)—121122 (mv+mv) 1102202.35 L,I,常量, 左面为系统所受的外力的总动量，第一项为系统的 W,Frcos,2.36 末动量，二为初动量 W,F,r2.37 力的功等于力沿质点位移方向的分量与nnn质点位移大小的乘积 2.13 质点系的动量定理: F?t,mv,mv,,,0iiiiibbb,,11,1iiiW,,dW,,F,dr,,Fcos,ds2.38 abaaa ()()()LLL 作用在系统上的外力的总冲量等于系统总动量的增 2.39 量 bbW,,F,dr,,(F，F，？F),dr,W，W，？，Waa12n12n2.14质点系的动量守恒定律(系统不受外力或外力矢量和 (L)(L)为零) 合力的功等于各分力功的代数和 nn,W==常矢量 mvmvN,,,iiii02.40 功率等于功比上时间 i,1i,1,t WdW,N,lim,2.41 2.16 L,p,R,mvR圆周运动角动量 R为半径 ,t,0tdt, ,sN,limFcos,,Fcos,v,F,v2.42 瞬时功率2.17 L,p,d,mvd 非圆周运动，d为参考点o到p,t,0,t 等于力F与质点瞬时速度v的标乘积 点的垂直距离 112v2W,,mvdv,mv,mv2.43 功等于动能的增v0L,mvrsin,2.18 同上 022the functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work. These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a government system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTasks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiative and steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the "surrounding situation, pay attention to implementation" is the core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be "Gramophone", "mail room" and "the Messenger" is not confined to paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementation guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation 量 1122重力作用下机械能2.60 mv，mgh,mv，mgh0012222.44 物体的动能 Emv,k守恒的一个特例 2 111122222.45 合力对物体所作的功等于物体动能的W,E,E2.61 mv，kx,mv，kx弹性力作用下的kk0002222增量(动能定理) 机械能守恒 2.46 重力做的功 W,mg(h,h)abab GMmGMm第三章 气体动理论 b2.47 万有引力W,,F,dr,,,,()()abarrab1毫米汞柱等于133.3Pa 1mmHg=133.3Pa 做的功 11221标准大气压等户760毫米汞柱1atm=760mmHg=1.013×b2.48 弹性力做的功 W,,F,dr,kx,kxabaab52210Pa 2.49 势能定义 W,E,E,,,Eppp保abab热力学温度 T=273.15+t 2.50 重力的势能表达式 E,mghpPVPVPV11223.2气体定律 常量 即 =常量 ,,GMmTTT12E2.51 ,,万有引力势能 pr阿付伽德罗定律:在相同的温度和压强下，1摩尔的12Ekx,2.52 弹性势能表达式 任何气体所占据的体积都相同。在标准状态下，即压强p2P=1atm、温度T=273.15K时，1摩尔的任何气体体积均00 2.53 W，W,E,E质点系动能的增量等于所有kk为v=22.41 L/mol 外内00,,-1 3.3 罗常量 N=6.022,, mola外力的功和内力的功的代数和(质点系的动能定理) Pv002.54 W，W，W,E,E保守内力和不保守3.5普适气体常量R, 国际单位制为:8.314 kk外非内保内0T0内力 J/(mol.K) -2W,E,E,,,E2.55 系统中的保守内力的功ppp 压强用大气压，体积用升8.206×10 atm.L/(mol.K) 保内0 等于系统势能的减少量 MM3.7理想气体的状态方程: PV= v=(质RTMMmolmolW，W,(E，E),(E，E)2.56 kpkp外非内00 量为M，摩尔质量为M的气体中包含的摩尔数)(Rmol E,E，E2.57 系统的动能k和势能p之和称为系统kp为与气体无关的普适常量，称为普适气体常量) 1N2的机械能 mnvP=3.8理想气体压强公式 (n=为单位体积中3V W，W,E,E2.58 质点系在运动过程中，他的机的平均分字数，称为分子数密度;m为每个分子的质0外非内 量，v为分子热运动的速率) 械能增量等于外力的功和非保守内力的功的总和(功能原 理) MRTNmRTNRNTnkTn,,,(,3.9 P=为2.59 MVNmVVNVmolAA当W,0、W,0 时，有E,E，E,常量如气体分子密度，R和N都是普适常量，二者之比称为波尔kpA外非内 果在一个系统的运动过程中的任意一小段时间内，外力对R,23,1.38，10J/K兹常量k= 系统所作总功都为零，系统内部又没有非保守内力做功，NA 则在运动过程中系统的动能与势能之和保持不变，即系统 的机械能不随时间改变，这就是机械能守恒定律。 guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation 3 三种速率，方均根速率最大，平均速率次之，最概速(平均动3.12 气体动理论温度公式:平均动能,,kTt率最小;在讨论速率分布时用最概然速率，计算分子2 能只与温度有关) 运动通过的平均距离时用平均速率，计算分子的平均 完全确定一个物体在一个空间的位置所需的独立坐平动动能时用分均根 标数目，称为这个物体运动的自由度。双原子分子共有五 第四章 热力学基础 个自由度，其中三个是平动自由度，两个适转动自由度， 三原子或多原子分子，共有六个自由度) 热力学第一定律:热力学系统从平衡状态1向状态2分子自由度数越大，其热运动平均动能越大。每个’和外界传给系统的变化中，外界对系统所做的功W1具有相同的品均动能 kT的热量Q二者之和是恒定的，等于系统内能的改变2E-E21 i’3.13 , i为自由度数，上面3/2为一个原子,kT4.1 W+Q= E-E 21t2 分子自由度 4.2 Q= E-E+W 注意这里为W同一过程中系统对外界所21 做的功(Q>0系统从外界吸收热量;Q<0表示系统向3.14 1摩尔理想气体的内能为:外界放出热量;W>0系统对外界做正功;W<0系统对1i,,E=N,NkTRT 0外界做负功) AA22 4.3 dQ=dE+dW(系统从外界吸收微小热量dQ，内能增加3.15质量为M，摩尔质量为M的理想气体能能为mol微小两dE,对外界做微量功dW MMiE= ,E,E,RT00dldV4.4平衡过程功的计算dW=PS=P 2MMmolmol V24.5 W= PdV 气体分子热运动速率的三种统计平均值 ,V1 3.20最概然速率(就是与速率分布曲线的极大值所对应 M4.6平衡过程中热量的计算 Q=(C为摩C(T,T),哦速率，物理意义:速率在附近的单位速率间隔21pMmol 尔热容kTkT2,,,1.41内的分子数百分比最大)p量，1摩mm尔物质 温度改,,(温度越高，越大，分子质量m越大) pp 变1度 所吸收 R或放出 N的热量) A3.21因为k=和mNA=Mmol所以上式可表示为 2kT2RT2RTRTM,,,,,1.41 pQ,C(T,T)4.7等压过程: 定压摩尔热容量 pp21mmNMMAmolmolMmol 8kT8RTRTMv,,,1.603.22平均速率 Q,C(T,T)4.8等容过程: 定容摩尔热容vv21,m,MMmolmolMmol 量 3RTRT2,,v1.733.23方均根速率 MMmolmolthe functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work. These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a government system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTasks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiative and steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the "surrounding situation, pay attention to implementation" is the core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be "Gramophone", "mail room" and "the Messenger" is not confined to paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementation guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation CMip4.9内能增量 E-E= R(T,T)21 4.18 泊松比 ,,21M2Cmolv ，2iiMi4.19 4.20 , ,CRCRvp,dERdT222Mmol Ci，2p4.21 ,,, Civ 4.22等温变化 PPPMR124.11等容过程 ,,常量 或 ,TMVTTMmol12 PV,RT,常量 或 PV,PV1122Mmol MVVM4.12 4.13 Q=E-E= 等容过程系统不对C(T,T)v2122v214.23 4.24 W,PVln 或 W,RTlnM11molVMV1mol1 外界做 VM功;等容24.25等温过程热容量计算:Q,W,RTlnT过程内MVmol1 能变化 (全部转化为功) 4.26 绝热过程三个参数都变化 VVVMR12,,,4.14等压过程 ,,常量 或 , PV,常量 或 PV,PV1122TMPTTmol12 绝热过程的能量转换关系 V，，PVVM2r,11111()4.15 4.27 W,, W,PdV,P(V,V),R(T,T)2121,,,V1,,1VM2，，mol M4.28 根据已知量求绝热过程W,,C(T,T)v214.16 (等压膨胀过程中，系统从外界Q,E,E，WP21Mmol 吸收的的功 热量中Q,Q4.29 W= Q2为热机循环中放给外界的热量 循环12只有一 部分用W循环于增加4.30热机循环效率 ,, (Q一个循环从高温热库1Q1系统 的内能，其余部分对于外部功) 吸收的热量有多少转化为有用的功) C,C,R4.17 (1摩尔理想气体在等压过程温度升Q,QQpv1224.31 < 1 (不可能把所有的,,,1,QQ11高1度时比在等容过程中要多吸收 8.31焦耳的热量，用来转化为体积膨热量都转化为功) 胀时对外所做的功，由此可见，普适气QQ22体常量R的物理意义:1摩尔理想气体,,,4.33 制冷系数 (Q2为从低温热'Q,QW12循环在等压过程中升温1度对外界所做的 功。) 库中吸收的热量) 第五章 静电场 5.1库仑定律:真空中两个静止的点电荷之间相互作用的 静电力F的大小与它们的带电量q、q12guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation 的乘积成正比，与它们之间的距离r的二 5.14 d,,E,dSE次方成反比，作用力的方向沿着两个点电 5.15 ,,d,,E,dS qq1EE12,,s荷的连线。 F,24,,r0 ,,E,dS5.16 封闭曲面 E,s,19基元电荷:e=1.602 ;真空电容率，10C,0高斯定理:在真空中的静电场内，通过任意封闭曲面的电 通量等于该封闭曲面所包围的电荷的电1,129=8.85 ; =8.99 ，10，101量的代数和的 4,,0,0 1qq1125.17 若连续分布在带电体上E,dS,qˆ5.2 库仑定律的适量形式 F,r,,2S,,,4r00 F15.3场强 = E,dq,Qq,00 1QFQˆ5.4 5.19 r为位矢 均匀带点球就像电荷都集E,,rE,r (r，R)32,,q4,,4rr000 5.5 电场强度叠加原理(矢量和) 中在球心 5.20 E=0 (r